英语专业四级虚拟式语气讲解
• It is time we went to bed. • It is time we had dinner. • It is about time you made up your mind. • It is high time you lent her a hand.
• I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train. • She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier. • He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.
• 11. If only“要是…多好啊”相当于wish,其后动词使用 一般过去时或过去完成时分别表示对现在或对过去的 虚拟。 • 12.would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，该从 句的的主语和主句的主语不是同一个（些）人时，从 句中使用过去或过去完成时分别表示对现在或过去的 虚拟，意为“宁愿某人做某事”
虚拟式
概述
* 虚拟式（Subjunctive Mood）,作为专 门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的从 此形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。 它仅有两个形式，即be-型虚拟式 （BE-Subjunctive）和were-型虚拟式 （WERE-Subjunctive）。
16.1 be- 型虚拟式
• 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语 之后的that-分句中 • 用于由if，though等引导的分句中 • 用于某些公式化语句中
• B. 用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等 形容词之后的that-分句中。 • eg. It is necessary that he come back without delay • It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
• C. 用在decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词之后的that-分句中。 • eg. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. • Their decision was that the school remain closed.
• Be- 型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as 等引导的分 句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。 • eg. If he be found guilty, John shall have the right of appeal. • Though everyone desert you, I will not.
• 用于if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的 分句中表示推测、让步、防备等意义。例如： • If he be found guilty, John shall have the right of appeal. • If the rumor be true, everything is possible. • Though everyone desert you, I will not.
• A. 用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词之后 的that-分句中。 • eg. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. • She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
Lest, in case, for fear that, in order that, so that引出的 虚拟
• Lest, in case, for fear that, in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句时， 也常用虚拟语气，意为“以防，唯恐， 免得”，其后的从句谓语用should do的 形式，should可以省略。另外，in order that 和so that引导的目的状语从 句中，也可以使用虚拟语气。
• • • •
If only I knew her address. If only I had enough money with me. If only I had gone by taxi. If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.
• He behaves as if he owned this place. • He ordered me about as if he were my boss. • We remember the accident vividly as if it happened only yesterday. • She looked as if she had had some bad news.
• 13.虚拟语气在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中，意为 “以免”，从句要使用“（should） + 动词原形” • 14.在 “it is (high) time that”结构中， 从句使用一般过去式，表示虚拟，意为 “早该…..了”
Be-型虚拟式
• Were-型虚拟式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine 之后的that分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可 能发生的）情况。 • Eg. I wish I remembered the address. • I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).
• But for your help, I couldn’t have achieved anything. • Anyone who should violate the law would be punished. • In different circumstances, I might have agreed. • To look at him, you would think him a young man.
• Be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表 示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。 • eg. Long live the People’s Republic of China! • God bless you! • God damn you! • Devil take him!
16.2 were-型虚拟式
Except, hope, intend, mean, think等词用过去完成时的虚 拟
• 这些词表示“意图”或“打算”含义的 词语用过去完成时可以表示未能实现的 希望、愿望等。I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time. 另 外，would have liked to do也可以表达 此含义，意为“本想要”。
• 61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you _____ now. • A) left B) leave C) are leaving • D) will leave • (2011年)
由某些连词、介词或介词短语 引出的虚拟语气
• （1）有明显表示假设的连词、介词：but for, but that, on condition that, supposing, provided, providing, unless, without, whether等 • （2）otherwise, with(如果有了）,without （要是没有） • （3）介词短语，如in the past（要是在以 往），in sb’s position（如果处在某人的位 置），under…（要是在…..情况下）等都表示 隐含的虚拟。用法和if 引导的虚拟条件句一样。
• I wish that I didn’t have to go to work today. • I wish that I were a bit taller. • I wish you were coming with me, Peter. • I wish I hadn’t said that.
• That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. • There is not the remotest possibility of anyone’s calling upon me, and that I should call upon anyone else is thing undreamt of. • Oh that I could see him again. (I wish)
• 用于某些状语分句中 • 用于某些名词性分句中
• Were-型虚拟式常用于由if, if only, as if, as though, though 引导的条件状语和让步状语 分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。 • Eg. If I were you, I should wait till next week. • He behaves as though he were better than us.
专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
（2）祈使语气 (imperative mood) 祈使语气用来表示请求、命令和劝告等。 eg. Don’t be late. Be quiet! Let’s have a break.
（3）虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气是一组特别的动词形式，用来表 示要求、建议、命令、意愿和假设等。 eg. If there were no air, all living things would die. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.
2. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是 由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含 蓄条件句。
eg. A more careful student wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She must have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school.
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。
考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。
专四语法 可可英语
专四语法可可英语好的，以下是一篇有关可可英语专四语法的文章：可可英语专四语法精讲一、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分，在专四考试中也是必考的知识点。
虚拟语气用来表示与实际情况相反的情况或者表达主观上的愿望、建议、猜测等。
虚拟语气的用法包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反三种情况。
1. 与现在事实相反：使用动词的过去式（be动词用were），从句使用would+动词原形。
例如：If I were you，I would choose to study abroad.（如果我是你，我会选择出国留学。
）2. 与过去事实相反：使用“would+have+过去分词”，从句使用“had+过去分词”。
例如：If we had known the answer，we would have told you.（如果我们知道答案，我们早就告诉你了。
）3. 与将来事实相反：使用“would+动词原形”，从句使用“were+to+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”。
例如：If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be postponed.（如果明天下雨，足球比赛就会被推迟。
）二、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的另一个重要知识点，也是专四考试的重点。
定语从句用来修饰名词，通常放在所修饰名词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词包括that、which、who、whose等。
1. 使用that的情况：当先行词为all、something、nothing、this等不定代词时，或者先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，多用that引导定语从句。
例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（这是我读过的最有趣的书。
）2. 使用which的情况：当引导词前面有逗号或放在句末时，通常使用which。
专四语法虚拟语气ppt课件
* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
* If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
一.考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
真题举例及分析
例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she____ much better results now.（ 2008:52）
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道 相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2 题，总计有24题。
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
二. 考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Examples: If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught
the train. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have
虚拟语气--非常详细的虚拟语气讲解,四六级绝对有用!--★【汉魅】
一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。
例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。
例：1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
(事实上已浪费了)2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。
专四考试虚拟语气的考点
专四考试虚拟语气的考点专四考试虚拟语气的考点引导语：下面店铺就为大家带来专四考试虚拟语气的考点，希望能够帮助到您，谢谢您的阅读。
考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
一、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done;1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much better results now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he _had___to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3._Had he not been taken good care of __, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I _would have enjoyed__the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _had not been__ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. __Given___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could _have provided__him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _had not been____ in such a hurry you would not have put sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not haveput14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight not have died___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died二、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided yo u take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can正确答案是陈述语序3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied三、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
英语专四语法总结
1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句：It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except，but，including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句：What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说：“多保重！”4. 当主语与all，none，any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
英语 虚拟语气讲解
英语虚拟语气讲解英语虚拟语气讲解语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
条件从句主句与现在事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should （would, might，could）+动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should （would,might，could）+ have ＋过去分词与将来事实可能相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形should （would, might，could）+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
4级翻译虚拟语气讲解精选+习题
高中语法项目------虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2 虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。
a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough money, he would buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+had been done+其它主语+would/should/could/might +have done主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动)如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+were to do+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day.If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。
虚拟语气,倒装,强调句,固定搭配
exercises
1.The victim _____________________ (本来有机会活下来） if he had been taken to hospital in time. would have had a chance to survive 2. You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做）________________ had followed my instructions/orders
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he (伤害自己) _________ (1998.1) 答案：injure himself
89.You’d better take a sweater with you___________________________________ __________ (以防天气变冷)
动词：decide, demand, insist, move(提议), order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等。
He ordered that all the books be sent at once. We propose that somebody neutral take the chair(担任主席).
表示建议主张命令等概念的词语后的虚拟语气表示建议主张命令等概念的词语后的虚拟语气有些词语由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望所以后面接的主语从句宾语从句同位语从句的谓语动词往往用shoulddo的形式且should表示这种概念的词语表示这种概念的词语动词名词形容词从句中的谓语动词用shoulddo或者shoulddone的形式且should常省略