专业四级考试语法-虚拟语气(全)
Subjunctive Mood1. 语气Mood语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。
包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday昨天一整天你都很忙吗③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或could have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能- - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做- - -shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -你本不应该告诉她真相。
You shouldn’t have told her the truth .needn’t have done 本不必做- - -比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做- - -我没必要擦窗户。
我兄弟做了I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做----(1)与现在事实相反If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun.如果地球没有引力，月球就会飞向太阳。
If I were/was you I would reconsider their proposal.我要是你，我就会重新考虑他们的建议。
If it weren’t/wasn’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoor.要是现在不下雨，我们就不会呆在屋里。
If the manager were/was here, he might make a decision.要是经理在这儿，他也许会作出决定。
(2)与过去事实相反If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake.她要不是听了你的劝告，就要犯大错误了。
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.要不是太忙，她就来了。
(3)与将来事实相反，或将来不太可能发生，或说话人主观上不希望发生If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.要是我来作这件事，我会用另一种做法。
If the rocket should fall in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.如果火箭几秒钟内竟然向下坠落，那就一定会爆炸。
If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again.万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一试。
(4)错综时间非真实条件句错综时间非真实条件句是指条件句与主句动作发生的时间不一致。
因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，其形式依据时间的不同仍然遵循表1给出的规则。
例如：If we had set out earlier, we wouldn’t be walking in the rain.如果我们早点动身，现在就不会在雨中走了。
（从句发生在过去，主句发生在现在。
）If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.如果你身体好些，我们就让你和他们一道做这工作了。
（从句发生在现在，主句发生在将来。
）If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.如果我们到现在还未准备好，明天就会有很多麻烦。
（从句发生在过去，主句发生在将来。
）(5)省略if的非真实条件句如果非真实条件句中的谓语包括had, should, were三个词，连接词if可以省略。
这时had, should, were要移到主语前面，形成倒装。
这种句型主要见于书面形式。
例如：Had he not been ill, he might have come.要不是他生病了，他是会来的。
Should she come here, we would discuss this matter with her.要是他来这儿的话，我们就和她讨论这件事。
Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种不同的方法。
Were you not here, none of us would come.如果你们不在这儿，我们没人会来。
(6)用介词短语表示假设条件有时可以用介词短语做假设条件，以取代非真实条件句中的if从句。
例如：Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.如果没有空气，就不会有风或云。
I would have succeeded with you help.如果有你的帮助，我本会成功。
In that case we could have done the work better.如果是那样的话，我们本可能把工作做得更好些的。
But for the storm we would have been in time.要不是暴风雨，我们原本会准时（到达）的。
3. 一些程序化了的必须或可能使用虚拟语气的情况在英语中，有些动词、短语、句型中，必须或可能要使用虚拟语气，下面逐一说明：（1）wish, if only, would rather, would sooner 后的虚拟语气wish, if only, would rather, would sooner是指人们无法实现或很难实现的主观愿望基本相同。
注意2.在过去式中，如果词语动词是be，则一切人称均可用were。
但单数第一、三人称也可用was。
●wish后的从句wish表示过去或现在未实现的主观愿望，以及将来实现不了或很难实现的愿望，可以翻译成中文：“希望”、“真希望”、“要是…就好了”I wish I knew his address.真希望我知道他的地址。
（愿望与现在的事实相反）I wish I were as young as you.我要是像你一样年轻该多好。
（愿望与现在的事实相反）She wish she knew how to drive the car.她希望她知道怎样开这辆车。
（愿望与现在的事实相反）We wish he hadn’t gone.我们真希望他没有走。
（愿望与过去的事实相反）We wish we could live on the moon for a few days in the future.真希望我们将来能在月球上住几天。
（将来的愿望在说话人看来很难实现）注意1. 如果wish是过去式(wished)，后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式不变，在译为中文时，可以加上“当时”、“那里”。
例如：I wish I were young.我真希望我还年轻。
（愿望与现在的事实相反）wish改为过去式后，其后的从句不变：I wished I were young. （当时）我真希望我还年轻。
（愿望与当时的事实相反）注意2. 在动词hope后要用陈述语气。
●if only后的从句if only表示“但愿”、“要是…就好了”、“（我）真希望…”。
意义与用法和I wish基本相同。
但更具有感情色彩。
If only I had more time to think about it.但愿我有更多的时间考虑它。
If only he would not eat so much sugar.要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。
If only he had taken my advice years ago.要是几年前他听了我的劝告就好了。
●would rather, would sooner后的从句would rather, would sooner的意思都是“宁愿”，其后的从句表示过去或现在没发生的愿望，或者是在说话人看来将来不太可能实现的愿望。
I would rather/sooner he had gone there too.我宁愿他也去那里。
（过去没有实现的愿望）I would rather/sooner the football match would take place tomorrow.我宁愿足球赛明天举行。
（说话人看来将来不太可能实现的愿望。
）（2）as if (as though)as if 或as though 引导的方式状语从句有时要用虚拟语气。
基本相同。
注意2.在过去式中，如果词语动词是be，则一切人称均可用were。
但单数第一、三人称也可用was。
例如：He talk as if he knew all about.他谈起来好像全知道似的。
（与现在事实相反，实际上他并不知道）She looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的。
（与现在事实相反，她并不是用冰做的）I feel as if we had known each other for years.我感到好像我们已经相识多年似的。
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。
考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。
专四语法精讲-虚拟语气(内部资料)
if only和would that后用虚拟语气：谓语 动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的 的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实 现的愿望，常译为“要是….就好了”。 例如：If only she had known where to find you. Would that I had seen her before she died. 在她死前我能见她一面就好了
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟条件句
条件从句 与现在事实相反 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they)+ 动词过去式（be动词的过去式 一律用were） 与过去事实相反 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + had +过去分词 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) +would have +过去 分词 与将来事实相反 A式：一般过去式 B式：were +不定式 C式：should + 动词原形 Would (should) +动词原 形 结果主句 I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + would +动词原形
What would people say about him, whose wife should take bribes?
要是他的妻子接受贿赂的话，人们会怎样说他呢？ （定语从句）
含蓄条件句：有些句子中，没有任何表 示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要 用虚拟语气。这是要么是省略了表示虚 拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中， 称为含蓄条件句。 例如：I would do anything for you. (if I could)
专四语法 可可英语
专四语法可可英语好的，以下是一篇有关可可英语专四语法的文章：可可英语专四语法精讲一、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分，在专四考试中也是必考的知识点。
虚拟语气用来表示与实际情况相反的情况或者表达主观上的愿望、建议、猜测等。
虚拟语气的用法包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反三种情况。
1. 与现在事实相反：使用动词的过去式（be动词用were），从句使用would+动词原形。
例如：If I were you，I would choose to study abroad.（如果我是你，我会选择出国留学。
）2. 与过去事实相反：使用“would+have+过去分词”，从句使用“had+过去分词”。
例如：If we had known the answer，we would have told you.（如果我们知道答案，我们早就告诉你了。
）3. 与将来事实相反：使用“would+动词原形”，从句使用“were+to+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”。
例如：If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be postponed.（如果明天下雨，足球比赛就会被推迟。
）二、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的另一个重要知识点，也是专四考试的重点。
定语从句用来修饰名词，通常放在所修饰名词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词包括that、which、who、whose等。
1. 使用that的情况：当先行词为all、something、nothing、this等不定代词时，或者先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，多用that引导定语从句。
例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（这是我读过的最有趣的书。
）2. 使用which的情况：当引导词前面有逗号或放在句末时，通常使用which。
专四语法虚拟语气ppt课件
* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
* If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
一.考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
真题举例及分析
例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she____ much better results now.（ 2008:52）
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道 相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2 题，总计有24题。
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
二. 考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Examples: If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught
the train. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have
英语四级考试中的虚拟语气
英语四级考试中的虚拟语气英语四级考试中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法是一个常见的考点，我们着重讲一下宾语从句常使用虚拟语气的几类特殊动词，以及这些动词的用法、构成虚拟语气的用法等。
下面是店铺为大家带来的英语四级考试中的虚拟语气，欢迎阅读。
一、何谓虚拟?在英语中，语气(mood)和时态，语态一样，都是谓语动词的一种形式。
表明说话的目的和意图，虚拟语气即表示说话人主观愿望或纯假设情况，动词需用特殊形式。
例如If I were a boy。
其中谓语动词用were，而不是am, shall, was, have等，是因为说话人为女士，而“我是男人”仅是其假设的语气，故用了一个在现实情况中绝不可能用到的were来表达这一虚拟的情况。
通过在I的后面加were这一词，能得知这是虚拟假设出来的情况。
常见的虚拟有两种：1. 表示非真实假设情况：If If I had left sooner, I could have caught the train。
如果早点出发，我就能赶上火车了。
(但我事实上已经错过了，对过去的假设虚拟)He talks so loud as if I were deaf。
他说话声太响，就像我聋了一样。
(但事实我没聋，对现在的假设虚拟)这种情况虚拟时，只需将谓语动词变本身的时态再变过去。
第一句话中的虚拟，本身为过去时，因此再变过去，即过去完成时。
left变为had left, could catch变为could have caught。
第二句话中，as if I am deaf，需要对现在假设，因此变为as if I were a deaf。
(不用I was deaf，避免与真实情况过去式混淆)类似表示非真实情况的`词还有wish希望， suppose假设， would rather宁愿， but for要不是等。
2. 表示建议、命令、要求等主观意愿：He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up。
英语四级涉及的虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气虚拟语气在考试中比较常见。
尤其是在听力中经常出现。
它主要是表达一种“假设”或者“推测”，而不是客观显示中的真实事件。
因为主要通过动词的变化来反应不同的情况，所以如果不熟悉虚拟语气的基本表示方法，会直接影响听力。
同时翻译中也经常使用。
如果想得高分，要学好这个语法点，争取在翻译部分多拿点分：基本规则：与现在事实相反：If I were you , I would apply for the job.与过去事实相反：If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such mistake.与将来事实相反：If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.真题翻译示例：例1：They requested that _______(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.1. 动词request引导的从句应用虚拟语气2. 虚拟语气的表达方式：should+动词原形，此题则为：should return3. 按句意顺序译，得出答案：I should return the book to library例2：The victim ________(本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.1. 一看句意有“本来”，十之八九为虚拟语气2. 二看时态推后了，本该过去时，却用过去完成时，因此一定考虚拟3.按句意译为：would have a chance to survive哪些动词及其与他们相关的名词，从句需虚拟语气？一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一个wish实战练习：1. It is strange that he _________ so.A. would sayB. would speakC. should sayD. will speak2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _________ there.A. not wentB. won’t goC. not goD. not to go3. I wish that I _________ with you last night.A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone4. If you had told me in advance, I _________ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have metD. would have meet5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _________ me how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would teach6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _________ the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading7. You are late. If you _________ a few minutes earlier, you _________ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meetD. had come; would meet8. If she could sew, _________.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat9. If I _________ you, I _________ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay10. Had I known her name, _________A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.答案及解析：1. C2. C3. D4. C5. D6. B7.B8. B9.D 10. D1. It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
专业四级考试语法-虚拟语气(全).docx
Subjunctive Mood1. 语气 Mood语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。
包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①T here are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday 昨天一整天你都很忙吗③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①I f I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed! 祝您成功！虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或诅咒）等等，以及表达说话人的主观愿望。
时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式 (be 用 were)将来should +动词原形would / should / might / could +动词原形were to +动词原形现在动词过去式(be用were)would / should / might / could +动词原形过去had +动词过去分词情态动词 + have donecould have done本来可以- - -might have done本来可能- - -should / ought to have done本来应该做- - -shouldn ’ t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -would / should / might / could have +动词过去分词你本不应该告诉她真相。
专四语法(虚拟语气)
4） it is time (that), it is high time
(that)句型中 谓语动词用过去时， 句型中， (that) 句型中 ， 谓语动词用过去时 ， 或者 should+动词原形 此时的should 动词原形， should不能省 是should+动词原形，此时的should不能省 略，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是 ……了 早该…… ……了 “该……了、早该……了” It‘s already 5 o’clock now．Don‘t you think it’s about time we went home？ It’s time you should do cleaning.
if， though引导的从句 5）以as if，as though引导的从句 as though (as if)，意为“好像、仿佛”。as though/as if都可以引导方式状语从句或表词从 句，在连系动词之后引导表词从句，在行为动 词之后引导方式状语从句。as if/as though引导 的从句既可用陈述语气又可用虚拟语气。如果 说话者认为句子所述的是事实或是或极有可能 发生的事实时，则从句用陈述语气；如果表示 的事情发生的可能性不大或非真实的情况，则 从句用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句 动词形式变化相同。
3）would rather + 句子（过去时） 句子（过去时） 表示“ 宁愿、 宁可” 语气比较委婉， 表示 “ 宁愿 、 宁可 ” ， 语气比较委婉 ， 后接过去 式。 ---I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would C. came D. have come ---It is getting late. I’d rather you ____now. (2011.61) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave
英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气
英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。
下面是作者整理的英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气，欢迎大家阅读学习。
引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式Were I you(=if I were you),I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…),you could have caught the train.Should it rain(=If it should rain),the crops would be saved.It is time that ...Would rather that.....(1)I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2)John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(3)I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past.“It is(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.was necessary that we(should) make everything ready ahead of time.is required that nobody(should) smoke here.is important that every pupil(should) be able to understand the rule of school.练习’ll be busy this he ___ free,he ___ to the cinema with you.to be; might go going to be; will gobe; might have gone ; will goEdison died,it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes,streets,and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.off offturn off turned offI known her name,_____.does she know mine? where does she live?would have invited her to lunch would be beautiful’d rather you ______ by train,because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.go gogonevictim ________(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive(翻译)professor required that ________(我们交研究报告)。
英语专业四级虚拟式语气讲解
• It is time we went to bed. • It is time we had dinner. • It is about time you made up your mind. • It is high time you lent her a hand.
• I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train. • She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier. • He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.
• 11. If only“要是…多好啊”相当于wish,其后动词使用 一般过去时或过去完成时分别表示对现在或对过去的 虚拟。 • 12.would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，该从 句的的主语和主句的主语不是同一个（些）人时，从 句中使用过去或过去完成时分别表示对现在或过去的 虚拟，意为“宁愿某人做某事”
虚拟式
概述
* 虚拟式（Subjunctive Mood）,作为专 门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的从 此形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。 它仅有两个形式，即be-型虚拟式 （BE-Subjunctive）和were-型虚拟式 （WERE-Subjunctive）。
16.1 be- 型虚拟式
• 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语 之后的that-分句中 • 用于由if，though等引导的分句中 • 用于某些公式化语句中
• B. 用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等 形容词之后的that-分句中。 • eg. It is necessary that he come back without delay • It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.