2017-2018学年上海市建平中学高一第二学期期末考试英语试卷分析

2017-2018学年建平中学高一第二学期期末考试

英语试卷

Section A

Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

In colleges around the country, most students are also workers.

The reality of college can be pretty different from the images __1__(present) in movies and television. Instead of the students who wake up late, party all the time, and study only before exams, many colleges are full of students __2__ tight schedules of not just classes and activities, but real jobs, too.

This isn’t a temporary ph enomenon. The share of working students __3__ (be) on the rise since the 1970s, and one-fifth of students work year round. About one-quarter of those __4__ work while attending school have both a full-course load and a full-time job. The arrangement can help pay for tuition (学费) and living costs, obviously. And there’s value in it beyond the direct cause: such jobs __5__ also be critical for developing important professional and social skills that make __6__ easier to land a job after graduation. With many employers __7__(look) for students with already-developed skill sets, on-the-job training while in college can be the best way to ensure a job later on.

But it’s not all upside. Even full-time work may not completely cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. The study notes that __8__ a student worked a full-time job at the federal minimum wage, they would earn just over $15,000 each year, certainly not enough __9__ for tuition, room, and board at many colleges without some serious financial aid. That means that though they’re sacrificing time away from the classroom, many working students will still graduate with at least some debt. And working full time can reduce the chance that students will graduate at all, by cutting into（减少） the time available for studying and attending classes.

There is little reward for attending but not finishing college. Working too much while in school can create a cycle where students __10__(push) further into debt without receiving any of the financial or career benefits.

1.【答案】presented

【分析】考查非谓语. 过去分词做后置定语.

2.【答案】with

【分析】考查介词．根据句意：许多大学有时间表排得紧紧的学生．

3.【答案】has been

【分析】考查被动语态．根据句意：已经工作的大学生的占比从上世纪70年代有所上升，因为后面有since，所以被动要用现在完成时．

4.【答案】who

【分析】考查定语从句．先行词是those，指人，并在定语从句中做主语，所以用关系代词who引导．

5.【答案】can

【分析】考查情态动词．根据句意：这样的工作也可以是对……至关重要的 .

6.【答案】it

【分析】考查代词．Make it easier，其中，it作形式宾语 .

7.【答案】looking

【分析】考查非谓语．With引导伴随状语从句．

8.【答案】if

【分析】考查连词．If引导让步状语从句．

9.【答案】to pay

【分析】考查非谓语．不定式充当目的状语引导目的状语从句．

10.【答案】are pushed

【分析】考查被动语态．根据句意：读书时工作的太多会导致学生被推进一个……的循环里。

Section C

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

On May 28th, we observe World Hunger Day. It is an effort to focus attention on the fact that despite a sufficient __1__ of food nearly everywhere, globally, some 21,000 people die every day from hunger or malnutrition. Although this is significantly fewer people than the numbers we saw a decade ago, hunger still kills more people than AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria __2__.

People do not go hungry because the world does not produce enough food for everyone. According to the World Hunger Education Service, over the past three decades, significant growth in food production, along with __3__ access to food, helped reduce the percentage of chronically undernourished（长期营养不良的） people in developing countries from 34 percent to 15 percent. The principal problem is that many people in the world still do not have resources to __4__ or grow enough food.

Indeed, hunger is a consequence of poverty, and also one of its causes. Hunger exists because many countries __5__ social safety nets; because in many countries women, although they do most of the farming, do not have as much __6__ as men to training, credit or land.

Conflict, governance systems that do not encourage __7__ in agriculture, poor management of land and natural resources, lack of educational opportunity, displacement of small farmers by natural disasters, and financial and economic crises

that eliminate jobs at the lowest levels, all __8__ toward creating conditions that push the poorest into hunger.

Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and __9__ poverty has marked some significant successes, thanks in part to the efforts of numerous international and transnational institutions, foundations, NGOs and governments.

But on World Hunger Day, let us not forget that with over 815,000 people still living in daily food __10__, we still have a long way to go before we can safely say that no child goes to bed hungry most nights, that no parent skimps on their own dinner so the children can eat.

1.【答案】B．

【分析】availability 可利用性；可得到的人或物．根据句意：尽管我们可以得到充足的食物．故填availability.

2.【答案】C．

【分析】combined.根据句意：虽然这个数字比十年前要少得多，但是饥饿造成的死亡人数仍然比艾滋病、结核病和疟疾的总和还要多. 故填 combined.

3.【答案】E．

【分析】improved．改良的，改善的；根据句意：在过去三十年里，粮食生产的显著增长，加上粮食供应的改善，帮助发展中国家长期营养不良的人口比例从34%降至15%。故填improved.

4.【答案】J．

【分析】purchase．购买；根据句意：人们仍然没有足够资源购买或种植足够多的粮食。故填 purchase.

5.【答案】I．

【分析】lack．缺少；根据句意：饥饿的存在是因为许多国家缺乏社会安全网．故填lack.

6.【答案】A．

【分析】access 获得，接近．根据句意，妇女虽然从事大部分农业，但获得培训、信贷或土地的机会不如男子。故填 access.

7. 【答案】G．

【分析】investment 投资．根据句意，不鼓励对农业投资的治理制度。故填 investment.

8.【答案】D．

【分析】contribute 贡献．contribute to/toward 固定词组搭配可解释为：有助于。根据句意，所有这些都有助于创造条件，迫使最贫穷的人陷入饥饿。故填contribute.

9.【答案】H．

【分析】extreme 极其的，极度的．根据句意，过去十年来，全球减少饥饿和极度贫穷的努力取得了一些重大成功．故填extreme.

10.【答案】F．

【分析】insecurity 不可靠，不保障．根据句意，有超过815，000人仍然生活在日常的粮食无保障中。故填insecurity．

III. Reading comprehension.

Section A

Directions: For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. __1__, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.

They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into __2__. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most sudden __3__ in the past decade.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the __4__ have slimmed considerably. Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent had, the study found. During the same period, the portion who had ever earned money from working plunged from 76 to 55 percent. And the

portion who had tried alcohol plummeted from 93 percent between 1976 and 1979 to 67 percent between 2010 and 2016.

"People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,' but they're __5__ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less __6__ activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.

According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her __7__, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the __8__ effect, the study said.

In the first __9__, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more __10__ and fewer resources," said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy - and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."

A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent, "the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5," Twenge said.

In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more __11__ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said.

But America is shifting more toward the __12__ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education...families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully __13__ has really sunk in."

The __14__ of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the __15__, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available.

1.A. moreover B. unfortunately C. rather D. consequently

2.A. work B. schooling C. adolescence D. adulthood

3.A. conflicts B. effects C. decreases D. costs

4.A. responsibilities B. options C. majorities D. resources

5.A. challenging B. predicting C. missing D. analyzing

6.A. distracted from B. particular about C. disappointed with D. interested in

7.A. stocks B. surroundings C. outlooks D. contributions

8.A. incredible B. insignificant C. immediate D. opposite

9.A. case B. round C. place D. strategy

10.A. opportunities B. properties C. diseases D. benefits

11.A. hesitantly B. regretfully C. seriously D. innovatively

12.A. more scientific B. slower C. more responsible D. smarter

13.A. organized B. observed C. selected D. educated

14.A. standard B. postponement C. promotion D. arrangement

15.A. cause B. trend C. burden D. pattern

1.【答案】C

【分析】根据上下文，选择Rather，相反地。

2.【答案】D

【分析】根据上下文，选择adulthood，成年。

3.【答案】C

【分析】根据句意，decrease，减少。

4.【答案】C

【分析】根据上下文，选择majority，大多数。

5.【答案】C

【分析】根据句意，选择missing

6.【答案】D

【分析】根据句意和后文推出interested in

7.【答案】B

【分析】根据句意选择surroundings

8.【答案】D

【分析】根据上下文意思，选择opposite，相反的。

9.【答案】A

【分析】根据句意选出case

10.【答案】C

【分析】根据句意，故填diseases

11.【答案】C

【分析】根据上下文意思可选出seriously

12.【答案】B

【分析】根据上下文意思可推出时更慢的速度，选择slower

13.【答案】D

【分析】根据句意选出educated

14.【答案】B

【分析】根据全文可知这一空填postponement，推迟。

15.【答案】A

【分析】根据上下文意思可选cause，原因。

Section B

Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Multitasking

What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed(展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?

But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is, likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.

A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for fresheningair. One sports goods company once reposed that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.

When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is justas important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.

Some years ago, the focus forbrand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't-touch-what-you-can't afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce(e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But whilee-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores(实体店) can offer afull experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brandstore seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.

Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut(椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A departmentstore has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books, pots andd rawers, in search of their perfect scent.

（1）According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?

A. Friendly assistant.

B. Unique scents.

C. Soft background music.

D. attractive window display.

（2）E-shops are mentioned in the passage to_____.

A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores

B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude

C. push stores to use sights and sounds

D. introduce the rise of e-commerce

（3）The underlined word“destination”in Paragraph 5 means_____.

A. a platform that exhibits goods

B. a spot where travelers like to stay

C. a place where customers love to go

D. a target that a store expects to meet

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to________.

A. compare and evaluate

B. examine and assess

C. argue and discuss

D. inform and explain

【分析】：本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：味道，来吸引顾客。并解释了这样做的原因。这是与网店比较起来实体店的一个优势。

1.【答案】B

【分析】推理题。根据文章第三段1,2行A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines.可知这家商店的成功的原因是店里很有特色的味道。故B正确。

2.【答案】A

【分析】推理题。根据第五段3,4行But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.可知电子网店里可以使用声音和视觉来吸引顾客，那么实体店里就可以使用味道来吸引顾客。作者举电子网店是为了说明实体店也有自己的优势。故A正确。

3.【答案】C

【分析】推理题。根据本句Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination.另外一家实体店通过种种方法努力让自己不仅仅是一个商店，而成为人们愿意去的目的地，既然来到这里，他们就可能多购物了。光顾该词是指C项含义。

4.【答案】D

【分析】推理题。本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：味道，来吸引顾客。并解释了这样做的原因。也就是说本文是为了告诉我们这样的行为并做出解释。故D正确。

(B)

Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants.Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company.Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.

Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share.He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.

Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants.Pearson resisted，arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success，rather than customers' spending power.Finally，the owner accepted his idea.

The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast－food industry.The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product，the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.

Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image.For example，he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额)．

These efforts paid off，and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast－food chains in the regions where it operated.

1.Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?

A．The number of its customers was declining.

B．Its customers found the food unhealthy.

C．It was in need of financial support.

D．Most of its restaurants were closed.

2.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.

B．Sparrow restaurants.

C．Customers of other fast－food chains.

D．Other fast－food chains.

3.For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?

A．To build a good relationship with the public.

B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.

C．To learn about customers' spending power.

D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.

4.What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO?

A．He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.

B．He made Sparrow much more competitive.

C．He helped Sparrow take over a company.

D．He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.

【分析】：本文讲述了一个快餐公司在濒临倒闭的情况下，在Carl Pearson的带领下重新焕发生机的故事。

1.【答案】C

【分析】细节理解题。根据原文“And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.”可知，公司急需的是资金，故C项正确。

2.【答案】D

【分析】猜测词义题。根据原文“He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used

Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them...”可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店，此处，turn away from 表示“从……处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，故选D项。

3.【答案】A

【分析】推理判断题。根据原文“...Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time....”可以得知“……公司想建立跟大众的友好关系”。故正确答案A。

4.【答案】B

【分析】主旨大意题。根据原文最后一段，“their efforts paid off”意为“他们的努力得到了回报”，Sparrow不久成为该地区最成功的快餐店之一。所以正确答案是B；C选项和D选项未涉及。

(C)

Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted. No follow-up investigations ensue to replicate or expand on a discovery. No one uses the ?ndings to build new technologies.

The problem is not just what happens after publication-scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many neuroscience studies test too few subjects to arrive at ?rm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies ?nd themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone awry in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research (aka,meta-research)-attempts to ?nd protocols that ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.

It will take a joint effort by scientists and other stakeholders（相关利益者） to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science,

study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tool, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments. therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies. Reproducing other scientists analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of me-too derision（嘲笑） that would waste resources－but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs: computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost—even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious（伪造的）results, eaten by termites（白蚁）.

There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies. Meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.

But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant(“positive")but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励)structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.

1. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancer?

A Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.

B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.

C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication

D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.

2. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?

A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.

B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctors advice

C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population

D A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data

3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only

B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid

C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile

D.Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings

4. The purpose of this article is to

A. argue that scientific research lacks efficient

B explain the result of a recent scientific study

C. introduce some recent progress in medical research

D. highlight the possible problems of research studies

1.【答案】C

【分析】细节理解题。根据第一段“No follow-up investigations ensue to replicate or expand on a discovery. No one uses the ?ndings to build new technologies.”可知研究结果并没有被投入使用，故C正确。

2.【答案】C

【分析】细节理解题。第二段“研究人员发表了数百项治疗动物模型而非人类疾病的报告。”可推出C选项正确。

3.【答案】B

【分析】推理判断题。第三段“These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tool, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments. therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.”意为“这些可以包括协作团队科学、研究注册、更强的研究设计和统计工

具，以及更好的同行评审，以及使科学数据广泛可用，以便其他人可以复制实验。因此，在这些研究的结论中建立信任。”可得出B选项正确。

4.【答案】D

【分析】主旨大意题。阅读全文可得知，文章旨在强调目前研究可能存在的问题，故D选项正确。

Section C

Directions:Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are two more sentences than you need.

Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to

learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.

Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.__1__It allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.

__2__Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news, Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood. Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests

that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member. Once each family

member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects.__3__

Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers,

and colors.

__4__Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.

Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. The skills that

students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a eager page-turner.

1.【答案】F

【分析】前文说杂志文章可以为不情愿的读者提供一种活泼、轻松的写作风格，可以激发他们更多的阅读。后文说它允许孩子完成阅读一篇专题文章而不失去兴趣，因为注意力集中时间短。杂志的写作也容易阅读，特别是如果是儿童刊物的话。故F选项“杂志上的文章一般都很短”正确。

2.【答案】A

【分析】后文说杂志和报纸为成年人提供了重要新闻，养成了阅读期刊的习惯，因为孩子会养成阅读成人文章的习惯。通过与前文的关系可以推出A选项正确。

3.【答案】D

【分析】前文说一旦每位成员已经读完了每本杂志，你可以把它们用于艺术和写作项目。后文说剪图片帮助学龄前和幼儿园的孩子学习字母，数字，和颜色。可推出D选项正确。

4.【答案】C

【分析】后文说到把图片粘贴在页面的顶部，让他们写一个关于发生了什么或图片代表什么的故事。通过上下文关系的理解可以得出C选项。

IV. Translating

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words in the brackets.

1.失业率居高不下，这让本届政府甚为焦虑。(remain)

The unemployment rate remains high, which makes this government very anxious.

2.传统的书信似乎与现代通讯鲜有共同之处。(common)

Traditional letters seem to have little in common with modern communications.

3.这个小镇我几乎认不出了，真是沧海桑田！(Hardly..)

Hardly can I recognize this town,since everything has changed.

4.这幢于20世纪20年代完工的别墅（villa），由于保护良好，在市场上售价逐年攀升。(condition)

The price of the villa that was finished in the 1920s is rising year by year in the market, as it’s still in good condition.