(完整版)最新的牛津英语8Bu1--2现在完成时语法讲解及练习

★现在完成时语法讲解1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。

助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。

它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。

过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。

（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。

常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。

（可能还要继续教）I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。

3．结构1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。

have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t.2）一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？e.g. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t./ No, no t yet.4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。

如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

4.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。

但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。

多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。

How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。

如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。

要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述,现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be ondie →be dead come back→be backleave →be away fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→be up go out →be outfinish →be over put on →wear 或be onopen →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a studentborrow →keep buy →havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know begin to study→study如：He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。

但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。

如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。

试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。

（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。

（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。

如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。

如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997. 自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

现在完成时态专练1【用since和for填空】1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock7) ______ 4 hours8) _____ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here【用since和for填空】 1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.【用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空】A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I ________ never ___________ there.A: How many times _________ Li Fei ________ to that place? B: He ___________ there only once.【用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空】1.Where is Jack? He ____________________ his country.2.John _________________ England since he came back.3.How long _______________ have _______________ this village?4.The Smiths ________________ Beijing for years.5.______________ you ever ______________ America? -- Yes, I ___________ there many times.6.I _________________________ this school since three years ago.【按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词】①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at sch ool/at home/on the farm/be here/be there(sw.为somewhere的缩写)1.He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2.I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3.I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4.They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out1.He came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2.We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③become → be1.I became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2.The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed open → be open1.The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2.The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep finish/end → be over marry → be married1.I got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ______ ______ .2.He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3.My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4.The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5.I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _______ ________ since ________ _______ ________.6.They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth.begin → be on______1.I began to teach at this school in 1995. I __________ __________ at this school since __________.2.The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ _______ _______ for __________ __________.⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wearcatch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know1.They borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.2.I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3.I got to know him last year. I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.4.I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ ________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to → have been inHe has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party → be in the league/the Party/th e army1.He joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.【写出短暂性动词和其对应的延续性动词：】buy----- leave------- turn on/off------borrow----- join--------- finish-------arrive------ die---------- fall asleep----stop-------- get married--------- catch a cold----begin/start------- come/go---------【写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词】be_______ ________ do_______ ________ have_______ _______go______ ________ see_______ _______ hear_______ _______make______ ______ eat_______ ________ get_______ _______forget______ ______ stand_______ ______ understand_______ ______take_______ _______ know_______ ______ grow_______ ______throw______ ______ blow______ _______ fly______ _______let______ ________ set______ ________hit_______ _______put______ _______cut______ ________ cost_______ _______read_______ ________ come_______ _______ become______ _______swim______ ________ sing_______ ______ begin_______ ______drink_______ _______ give______ ________ sit_______ _______write______ _______ drive______ _______ break_______ ______speak_______ _____ think_______ _______ buy_______ ______bring____________ teach________ ______ catch_______ ______keep_____ _____ feel________ _______ sleep_______ ________meet______ _____ spend______ _______ build_______ ______lose_______ ______ mean______ _______ tell______ _______sell_______ ________ hold_______ ________ find________ ______【用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空】1. I have _______________ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has ________________ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _______________ ten years.4. “Have you ________________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________________ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left ________________?” “Yes, it has ___________________ left.”【用适当的时态填空】1.She’s _____________________ (live) here ever since sh e was ten.2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _____________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour ___________________ (pass) since the train ___________________ (leave).5. Mary_________________(lose) her pen. ____________ you __________(see) it here and there?6. __________________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I __________________just ________________ (have) some orange.8. We already _________ (return) the book.9. ________ they ______________ ___ (build) a new school in the village?10. I ______________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father ____________ (read) the novel twice. 12. I ________________ (buy) a book just now.13. I _________________ (lose ) my watch yesterday.14. My father ____________________ (read) this book since yesterday.15. --- The door is open. Who _________________ (open) it? Do you know?---- Sorry, I don’t know.16. ----She _________________________(buy) a Hello Kitty for you , hasn’t she?---Yes, she _________________.She __________________(buy) it in Sanrio Puroland last summer.17. This is the nicest park I _____________________(see).18. ---Are you sure you__________________________(lose) your dictionary?---Yes, I _________________________(look) for it everywhere , but I still can’t find it.19. The children ____________________ (enjoy) themselves in the party last Sunday morning..20. They ____________________ (study) English for a long time.21.She __________ ________ (live) here ever since she was ten.22.Both of them _________ __________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.23. He _________ never ___________ (go) to the science museum.24. Half an hour ________ _______(pass) since the train __________ (leave).25. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you ___________ (see) it here and there?26. __________ you _______ (find) your watch yet?27. —Are you thirsty? —No I _______ just ________ (have) some orange.28. We _______ already ________ (return) the book. 29.My father _______________(read) the novel twice.30. He ___________ __________ (be) to Shanghai, has he?31. We ________________(study ) in Little Star English since two years ago.32. Tsunami _________________________(not happen) in the south-east of China recently.33. My father ______________________ (read) the novel twice.34. --- I ________(see) the film “Chicken Run”. --- Where and when ______ you _____ (see) it? --- Last week.35. ---_____ Uncle Wang ____ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he______. ---When _____ he ____ it? --- Yesterday.36. My father _________ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He______ already __________(pay) fifty yuan for it.37. She______________________ (not read) this book before.38. --- ______________ Wei Hua _______________ (come) yet?---Yes. She_________________ (come) already. She ________________ (come) just now.39. ---How long _______________you _____________(learn) English? ---For more than two years.40. They _____________________ (live) in China since they _______________ (move) to China.41. Where’s Li Ming ? He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s office.42. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here.47. ---_______ you ________ (see) the film last night? ---No, I _________ (see) it for several times.48. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.49. My father __________ (buy) a book for me yesterday. He_________ already ________(pay) fifty yuan for it.50. She_____________ (not read) this book before.51. __________ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?52. --- ____________ Wei Hua ___________ (come) yet?---Yes. She__________ (come) already. She ____________ (come) just now.53. ---How long __________ you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years.54. They _______________ (live) in China since they ____________ (move) to China.55. I___________ already __________ (see) the film. I ____________ (see) it last week.56. So far I ________________(make) quite a few friends here.57. How long _____________ the Wangs ____________(stay) here ? For two weeks.58. They _________________ (not arrive) yet.59. When I was in primary school, my mother _______________ (drive) me to school everyday.60. He ______________ (live) here since he ____________ (move) to Hankou.61. --- I _____________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.--- Where and when ________ you __________ (see) it? --- Last week.62. Mary __________ already ____________ (have) her supper.63. I ________ (not want) to see the film. I _______ (see) it with my parents. We _______ (see) it last Sunday.64. ---_________ Uncle Wang ____________ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he____________.---When ___________ he ____________ it? --- Yesterday.65. __________ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?【句型转换】1、He has never surfed，_____ ________？（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. （对划线部分提问）______ __________have they been here？3、The old man _________ last year. He _____ _______for a year. （die）（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换）This factory ______ ______ ______ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换）_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （把两个句子合并成一个句子）___________________________________________【单项选择】1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in2. We have been friends since ______.A. childrenB. five yearsC. five years agoD. five years before3. Mike _______ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. You ______ that question three times.A. already askedB. have already askedC. already have askedD. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago6. I _____ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied7. They _________ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to10. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.A. won’t go, sawB. won’t go, will seeC. won’t go, has seenD. didn’t go, sees12.---- Would you like some more food? ----Thank you. I _______ enough.A. will haveB. have hadC. haveD. had13. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, wasB.Have, been to, isC. Had, been to, isD.Have, gone to, is14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing? ----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.A. Have, been, haven’t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn’t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven’t, was goingD. Did,go, didn’t, was going15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months.A. has been, has beenB. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days agoA. boughtB. boughtC. boughtD. has bought17. —Where is Li Lei? —He ___ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.A.. finishesB. has finishedC. finishD. is finishing19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.A. came toB. has been toC. has been inD. has come to20. --- Is your father a Party member?--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years.A. joined; has beenB. has joined; has beenC. was joined; isD. joined; was21. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.A. borrowedB. have borrowedC. keptD. have kept23. ----____ your sister _____ in Green China for a long time? ----Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; beenB. Have; beenC. Has; joinedD. Have; joined24. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months.A. come backB. returnedC. go backD. been back25. I _____ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet? ---Yes, I _____ it just now.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD. Will; do; finish28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing several times this year.A. happenB. happenedC. has happenedD. have happened29. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since30. He ____ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught31. Jim Green ____ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came32. The film ____ for half a n hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn’t begun D. began33.—Where have you _______ these days？—I have to Beijing with my friends．A. been；goneB. been；beenC. gone；beenD. gone；gone34．How long have you _______ this book？ A. bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent35. We have lived here _______ five years ago． A. when B．since C．before D．after 36．—I have watched the game．—When _____you _______ it？A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch37．—How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？? —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited38．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan．A．after B．before C．since D．for40．His grandpa _____ for two years．A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 41．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in42. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She'll return next year．A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from43、—How long have you ____ here？—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived44、Hurry up！The play __________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began45. It _____ ten years since he left the army A. is B. has C. will D. was46、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library.A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been47、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been48、The students have cleaned the classroom，_____？A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they49、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China？A. How soon，comesB. How often，gotC. How long，cameD. How far，arrived50、His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university现在完成时态专练2一．单项选择( )1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.A. joinedB. joined toC. been inD. joined in( )2. —When did you ______ the new computer? —Well, I _____ it for half a year.A. have, have boughtB. buy, have hadC. buy, have boughtD. have, have had ( )3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago( )4. —Where is your uncle? —He _____ to South Africa on business. He has ______ there twice.A. has been, goneB. has gone, beenC. went, goneD. will go, been( )5. _______ have you known the city? For five years.A. How longB. How oftenC. How manyD. How much( )6. I _______ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the school library.A. borrow B have borrowed C kept D have kept( )7. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to( )8. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies( )9. ----_______ you _______ to the capital? ---No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.A. Have, been, haven’t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn’t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven’t, was goingD. Did, go, didn’t, was going( )10. Bruce ______ how to use a computer. He_____a computer of his own. He _____it two days ago.A. learns, will get, boughtB. is learning, has got, boughtC. learned, has got, boughtD. is learning, got, has bought( )11－Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? －Because I _______ it.A. sawB. will seeC. seeD. have seen( )12. The old man has lonely since his wife left. A. been B. got C. become D. turned ( )13. — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? — No, I ____ it for two years.A. hadB. have hadC. boughtD. have bought( )14.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he __ __ England for 5 years.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has come toD. has been in( )15. — Where is Mr. Zhang? — He London.A. has been toB. has beenC. has goneD. has gone to( )16. John, you __ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please!A. playedB. have playedC. were playingD. play( )17.The factory_______in my hometown since I was a child.A. has openedB. has been openC. has been openedD. is open18. We have been friends since _____.A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before ( )19. Mike ________the story for a month.A. has boughtB. has hadC. had hadD. has borrowed( )20. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to( )21. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, wasB.Have, been to, isC. Had, been to, isD.Have, gone to, i ( )22. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing? ----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.A. Have, been, haven’t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn’t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven’t, was goingD. Did,go, didn’t, was going( )23. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months.A. has been, has beenB. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been( )24. --- Is your father a Party member?--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three yearA. joined; has beenB. has joined; has beenC. was joined; isD. joined; was( )25. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had( )26. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months.A. come backB. returnedC. go backD. been back( )27. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away( )28. He ____ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught ( )29. The film ____ for half an hour。