英国概况复习资料
英国概况——总复习
英国概况——总复习An Introduction to UK & USAPart ⅠThe United Kingdom1. Geographical Features1. The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean.2. English Channel / North Sea3. England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland4. Full title: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland5. area: 244.110 Square kms / 1.000km from north to south; 500kms widest6. England: 130.000skm, 60% of Whole Island.A) Pennine mountains runs from Scottish boarder as far south as Derbyshire about 241km in the north. Altitude is 200-500meters.B) Bulk of Pennines奔宁山脉is moorland.C) Lake District to the west of PenninesD) plateau in the southwest and west, east and midlands are low-lying.7. Scotland: 78.760skm in northern part.A) Highlands & islands of Hebrides in the north, rugged, bare, mountainous. Benvis, highest peak, 1.343m.B) Central Lowlands, relatively flat.C) Southern Uplands, rolling moorland with small fertile river valleys.8. Wales on the Western Prominence. 20.700skm, 9% of the whole island.A) industrial southB) central plateaus and lakesC) Mountainous north.9. Northern Island, 14.147skm with six counties. Mountains in the north and south, separated by the fertile basin of Lough Neagh, mainly agricultural, industrial center: two ports–Belfast and Londonderry.2. Climate1) moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, milder than places in the same latitude.2) equable: winters are mild, temperature exceed 4c in the west, lower in the east. July about 18c. 13c in the northern Scotland.3) changeable day-t-day conditions.4) Rainfall throughout the year. No marked dry season.3. Rivers and Lakesmany lakes and rivers but not very large.In England:1) the longest river: Severn River, 355km2) Thames River, 338km, Oxford in on it3) Clyde River in Scotland4) lakes lies in Northern Scotland & the Cumbriam Mountains and North Wales4. Natural ResourcesRich in coal, iron, tin, copper, oil and gasNo large land-based oilfield, mainly in North Sea. (also gas) Part ⅡThe People(1)Overview: Population: 56,500,000English 80%; Welsh 5%; Scots 10%; Irish 4%.1. The English: Anglo-Saxon in origin, Germanic tribes conquered in the 5th, 6th AD. Norman French, Under William ofNormandy in 1066 ? 2. Welsh, Scot, Irish: Celts from north-western Europe, invaded Britain between 700BC and 200BC.3. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and Anglo-Saxon and Jutes that the English people and English language was born.4. The Danes or Vikings invaded Britain in 8th stamped influence on the people and the language5. The English: be reserved, unemotional, courteous; shy of strangers; suspicious of change and slow to accept new ideals; solid and dependable with a high sense of honesty, duty and justice; physically and morally courageous; conscious of his place in the social order, disliking any show of emotion and lack of control.6. Welsh is an ancient Celtic language, more different from English than English is from French or German.The Welsh--- two groups:1) sheep farmers in the mountainous regions of the centre and north;2) industrial workers in the southWelsh are musical, emotional, cheerful, proud of their past, and welcoming to friends but suspicious of foreigners.The cultural pride in Wales is very strong, famous for their love of music and poetry.Eisteddfod (Welsh for a “sitting”): a national festival of music and verse in Wales in August for a week.From the hard-working lives of the Welshtwo passions emerged: rugby football英式橄榄球and choral singing7. Characteristics of the Scots: inventive, hard-working, serious-minded and cautious with money1) A) highlanders live by farming sheep and fishing, being proud, independent, hardyB) Lowlanders live in industrialized urban areas.2) Great empire builders, fierce soldiers―Devils in skirts‖ or ―ladies from hell‖: nicknames of Scottish soldiers for their bravery.3) distinctive national dress: kilt, pleated skirts9. the characteristics of Irish: introspective dreamers and poets, argumentative and aggressive.1) IRA: the Irish Republican Army on the Catholic side.2) Ulster Unionists, (Loyalists) on the Protestant side.10. Immigrants:1) escape political or religious persecution2) seek a better life3) A) from old dominions: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South AfricaB) Eastern European refugeesC) West Indies, India & PakistanD) Chinese, Greek, Turkish Cypriots, Italian, Spaniards12. Emigration: from Britain to Canada and Australia, USA (doctors, scientists) ---- “brain drain‖Part ⅢEconomy1. Characters:1. one of the most advanced manufacturing and trading nations.A) largest manufacturing industry: iron & steelB) Coal miningC) Oil and gas in North SeaD) food, beverages, tobacco productsE) mechanical engineering productsF) electric, electronics, instrument engineering productsG) paper, printing, publishing productsH) motor vehicles, transport equipmentI) metals, nonferrous有色金属,J) textiles, clothing, footwearK) chemical industry2. Trading & Finance:1) exports about 1/3 of its gross domestic product, a higher proportion than any other industrial country, 4th largest exporter in the world, 9% of world exports --- ―visible trade‖2) most important exports--- services:A) shipping, banking, insurance, tourism --- ―invisible‖ earnings / ―visible trade‖B) capital investment, (private & governmental) (direct investment)3) Bank of England: founded in 1694, issues bank notes, advises the government on financial matters, determines the bank rate.3. AgricultureReputation for its pioneering of new techniques and high efficiency, remains among the most progressive in the world. Agricultural workers account for 2% of the population.1) arable land: wheat, barley, oats2) vegetables, small fruits, potatoes, sugar beets甜菜4. Animal husbandryIn Highland Zones, tracts of grassland, green all the year --- mild climate & abundant rainfall.dairying, beef cattle, sheep5. Transportationhighly developed transportation system:1) A) large merchant fleetsB) 300 seaports2) railway system3) motor vehicles4) Airplanes, 120 commercial airportsPart ⅣThe Origins of a Nation1. early settlement (---55BC)A) the first immigrants: Iberians from Spain & Portugal about 5000 years ago.their relics: Stonehenge 石林(stone monuments) on Salisbury Plain in southwest of England.B) 3 waves: Celts from north-west Europe after 700 BC., 500 BC, and 100 BC —tall, red hair and blue eyes.C) Celtic conquerors blended with Iberian2. Roman Britain (55BC –410)1) Julius Caesar came to Britain in 55BC.2) Roman occupation lasted about 400 years.Impacts:1) brought Christianity to England2) built roads all across Britain3) towns grew up along the Roman roads4) English upper classes became completely Romanized, Roman landowners and officials.5) Social systems: laws, taxes6) Roman language---Latin7) system of writing & numbering8) written description of the land, peoples9) engineering skills, architecture3. Anglo-Saxon times (446-871)Three Germanic tribes invaded England: Angles, Saxons andJutes.4. Danish InvasionAt the turn of 8th century, Danes, or Vikings, invaded England from Norway & Denmark.5. NormansThe Norman Conquest in 1066.Consequences:1. William of Normandy and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought a new unified discipline and control to England.2. French became the official language.3. established a feudal system.4. Contacts between England & France increased.Part ⅤFeudal England1. Under William’s rule, the Normans changed Englan d to a feudal state under an absolute kingship.2. King Arthur: in 6th, the central figure of many legends about him and his Knights of round T able.3. the Magna Carta–Great Charter, a document signed in 1215 by King John, to recognize the rights of barons.4. Hundred Years’War: between England & France from 1337 to 1453 in France. French drove English partly through the inspiration of Joan of Arc (a French saint & national heroine), partly through the effective use of guns.5. Wars of the Roses: struggle for the throne of England (1455-1485)between .The houses of Lancaster, whose badge was a red rose, and York, a white rose. Impacts: the war weakened both nobility and the monarch.6. The Black Death: a deadly bubonic plague(淋巴腺鼠疫),struck Europe in middle of 14th, reached England in 1348. ?of the population died.7. Religious Revolution1) the Catholic Church:A) headed by the Pope;B) members accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible.C) Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy”.D) in the Middle Ages, Pope was powerful2) Protestant Church:A) whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the Reformation.B) Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in 16th, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe, and in the Elizabethan age, became gradually the dominant faith.3) Henry VIII’s divorce question, married his brother’s widow, a Spanish princess, who gave a daughter, Mary, not a son.4) Bloody Mary: a devout Catholic, burnt so many protestants; succeeded by Elizabeth I.5) Elizabethan age: literary achievement, Shakespeare, an age of adventure on the sea.The English Civil War1. a bitter power struggle (1642-1648) between the monarchy and Parliament.2. the victory of the Parliament led to the execution of Charles I in 1649, and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy.3. a republic founded by Oliver Cromwell for more than ten years.4. King Charles I: divine rights to govern,Ruled without parliament, levied taxes without parliament’s approval.5. Cromwell: Roundhead leader, defeated the King Charles I.Part VI The Glorious Revolution1. in 1688, Catholic king James II fled to France.2. the throne was offered to his Protestant daughter and her husband Dutch king William.3. the Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament to restrict the power of the Monarchy.4. beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.5. Since then every English monarch rules by permission of Parliament.6. the theories of divine or hereditary right to the throne were ended.7. Bloodless RevolutionBackground:1. The 18th century saw ascendancy of the middle class in the life of the nation, with the development of commerce & industry.2. Glorious Revolution established the authority of middle class over the crown.3. The union of Scotland and England into the nation of Great Britain --- the Act of Union of 1707.4. The Seven Years’War (1756-63) in North America (French and India War) --- which left Britain predominant in North America and in India, Britain bec ame the world’s leading colonial power.5. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, the great economic and social changes were taking place in Britain --- agricultural and home-based trades and industries gradually gave way to factory-based industries with complex machinery.6. England was a great trade nation, with much private capital ready for investment.7. Not only was trade free to move throughout the British Isles, but also there was freedom of movement between the social classes. Middle class values encouraged self-reliance and enterprising initiative.8. Political leaders were interested in commerce.9. The growing population provided a market.10. Farmers’improved methods of cultivation freed much labor, which became available for employment in the town factories, and also increased food supplies for towns.11. 18th century was a time of peace and stability.12. Foreign plunder, the newly acquired wealth after 7 years’war.Industrial Revolution first began in the textile industry, which was accelerated by important mechanical inventions ---- flying shuttle, spinning jenny, especially the steam-engine by James Watt in 1769.Results1. Factories came into being because they brought about more profits to the owners.2. New cities sprang up, population was concentrated in towns and cities.3. The power of influence of industrial capitalists grew greater.4. It gave birth a new social-economic class –proletariat who were exploited cruelly.5. It brought many economic advantages to Britain and made Britain rich and powerful.Chartist MovementThe Chartist Movement (1836-48): the industrial and commercial classes, with the support of the working classes, demanded to reform the old voting system.Part ⅧGovernment SystemConstitutional Monarchy1. The Monarch respects the Constitution.2. In law, the monarch is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature; head of the judiciary; commander-in-chief of3. In the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary became the joint rulers of Britain, and the Constitutional Monarchy began.4. The Bill of Rights which was passed in 1689 restricted the power of the monarchy.The British Constitution1. It is unwritten2. Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege.3. It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.Conventions of the Constitution1. They form an important part of the Constitution just as written laws do.2. They are rules which are not written down but which everyone agrees must be followed in practice.3. They include the following:1) the powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers;2) the Queen must act on the advice of Ministers;3) Ministers are responsible to parliament for their actions;4) the sovereignty of ParliamentCommon Law1. It is one of the main components of the British Constitution.2. It refers to the Bills which have been passed by courts.3. It marked a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch.The Bill of Rights1. It was the Bill passed by the Parliament in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution.2. It laid down a number of things that future monarchs could not do.3. It marked a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch.4. It marked the beginning of the British Constitutional MonarchyGeneral Election1. General Election is held at least every five years.2. The country is divided into 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament.3. The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament.4. The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.Party system in Parliament1. The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister and is invited by the Queen to form a government;2. The party with the next largest numbers of supporters in the Commons becomes the official Opposition to Government.3. The Prime Ministers and other ministers sit on thePolitical Parties1. The UK has a two-party system.2. The Conservative is major right-wing party.1)It supports free enterprise and is generally opposed to nationalization and to extending the social services. So conservatives are those whohave something to conserve and they usually hate the great changes in society.2)It believes actively in the pursuit of greater social and economic equality.3)The Labor Party is a party of moderate socialism in favor of Nationalization of key industries.4)It has always been anti-Communist.5)It is usually considered as a main party for working class people.6)It draws most of its support from highly urban and industrialized people.7)It is also supported by some middle class and intellectuals.4. The Liberal Party is the third largest political party since 1922.5. The Social Democratic Party was formed in 1981 by a small number of right-wing Labor party politicians.British Parliament1. It includes 3 elements:1) the Crown;2) the House of Lords;3) the House of Commons2. It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain.3. The real center of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons.4. Other functions:1) to control and criticize the executive government;2) to control the raising and the spending of money.The House of Lords1. Its members are peers, most of whom are hereditary.2. Its powers have been severely reduced by the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949.3. It must pass all financial legislation sent to it from the House of Commons, and can delay other Bills for only one year.4. It has a special judicial function.5. The Lord Chancellor=SpeakerThe House of Commons1. It consists of 635 elected Members of Parliament.2. MPs have a number of privileges, eg. The freedom of speech in Parliament.3. it is by far the most powerful and important element in Parliament, therefore plays the key role in the activities of Parliament as a whole.4. The Speaker presides over the meeting in the House of Commons.Part ⅨEducation, TV, Radio, PressEducation1. a child may enter a Nursery school at the age of two or three with no formal lessons but with indoor and outdoor play; drawing, painting, listening to stories, singing, dancing, learning to realize the values of money, weights and measures.2. Two stages in formal state primary education:1）an infant stage from 5 to 7;2) a junior stage from 7-11.3. Secondary Education:1)Under the old selective system of secondary education,―the eleven plus‖ is the exam taken by children in their lastyear at primary school.2)the results of this exam determine the kind of secondary schooling each child will receive.3)Those with the highest marks go to grammar schools; other may go to technical schools and the rest go to secondary modern schools.Grammar schoolGrammar schools concentrate on academic subjects and expect many of their pupils to take higher exams and go to university.Comprehensive system1. All children, regardless of ability, can mix together.2. students study a wide variety of subjects at first. After two or three years they may study only those they like best.V oluntary schools= mission schools1. They are mostly Church of England or Roman Catholic in origin, and give a certain amount of denominational religious instruction.2. Partly maintained and controlled by the local authority.Independent schools/ Public schools1. They are supported entirely by fees and private funds (for all ages) in Britain.2. The best known of these are the “public”boarding schools for boys aged 13 to 17 or 18. They prepare students chiefly for universities.Universities1. All universities are independent and self-governing.2. They receive aid through the University Grants committee.3. They charge fees; students can get financial help from thegovernment; there are awards and scholarship.1. the old universities: Oxford and Cambridge2. The redbrick universities: provincial universities (1850-1930) as well as London University. Many were built in the favorite building material of the time --- red brick.3. the new universities: after the World War II.4. Open University: founded in 1969. It is open to everybody who may not get the opportunity for higher education. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio.The Press1. The national dailies are generally classed as either ―quality‖ or ―popular.‖2. The “quality”papers give more comprehensive coverage of all aspects of news.3. The “popular”papers aim for a more general readership.Some important papers1. The Times: the most famous of all British papers and is read by the most important British all over the world. Politically independent, inclined to be more sympathetic to the Conservative party.2. The Guardian:1) a national paper which is equal with The Times in quality.2) It is radical in politics, favorable to the Liberal Party and tends to be rather closer in sympathy to the Labor Party than to the Conservatives. Tabloid1. It is usually printed on paper smaller than the size for a newspaper.2. It uses many pictures, strip cartoons and stories to attract readers.3. The Mirror and Sun are tabloid.BBC1. It does all sound broadcasting, in which news reporting is excellent.2. It also puts out two television programs.3. There is no advertisement.4. It is financed by payments which must be made by all who posses TV.The Welfare State1. The state should ensure that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment, old age, sickness or over-large families.2. The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed, or unable to earn because they are old or sick.3. Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health Service.4. Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum standard.The Commonwealth1. It contains 3 groups of territories:1) “White”territories: Canada, Australia and New Zealand, where the inhabitants are mainly of British descent.2) “Non-white”territories3)Mixed territories2. a loose organization with the Queen recognized as the head.3. It was founded in 1931.4. All three groups have either achieved independence or are moving towards it.第一部分英国第一章英国地理1. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.3. About a hundred years ago, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one-fourth of the world’s land area.4. The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain commonwealth in 1931,which is a free association of independent counties that were once colonies of Britain.5. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.6. Britain has, for centuries, been tilting with the northwest slowly rising, and the southeast slowly sinking. The no rth and west of Britain are mainly highlands. The southeast and east are mainly lowlands.7. The pennies, a range of hills running from north midlands to Scottish border, are the principal mountain chain.8. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Britain, and the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the larges t lake in Britain.9. There are three natural zones in Scotland: the highlands in the north, the central lowlands, and the southern upla nds. The lowlands in the center comprise mostly the forth and Clyde valleys.10. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.11. Scotland has about 800 islands, including the Orkney,Shetlands and Hebrides.苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。
英美概况知识点总结题库
英美概况知识点总结题库一、英美概况基本概念英美概况是指英国和美国两个国家的基本情况和特点，包括地理、历史、政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的情况。
英美两国是世界上最有影响力的国家之一，其发展历史和国情具有重要的影响力。
因此，了解英美概况对于理解世界格局和国际关系有着重要的意义。
二、英美概况的地理特点1. 英国地理特点（1）英国位于欧洲西北部，包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个主要地区。
英国总面积244,820平方公里，是欧洲第三大岛国。
（2）英国地势大致呈现出中高原低洼的地形特点，山地和丘陵地区占据了半岛的西南部和中部，而低洼平原主要分布在东南和中南部地区。
2. 美国地理特点（1）美国位于北美洲中部，是世界第四大国家，总面积达到9,638,131平方公里。
（2）美国地形多样，山脉主要集中在西部，大平原和丘陵地区主要分布在中西部，而东部则是低洼平原地区。
美国有众多河流，包括密西西比河、科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河等。
三、英美概况的历史沿革1. 英国历史沿革（1）英国有着悠久的历史文化，公元前55年，罗马帝国入侵了不列颠岛，成为不列颠的一部分。
5世纪，盎格鲁-撒克逊人从德国北部迁入英格兰，并在836年建立了第一个统一的英国王国。
（2）1066年，诺曼征服导致了英国的政治和社会结构发生了较大变化，12世纪中叶英国建立了自己的君主立宪制度。
16世纪的宗教改革导致了英国国教的建立，17世纪的克伦威尔革命结束了君主专制，成立了军政府。
18世纪末，英国工业革命开启了现代化的起点。
（3）19世纪，英国成为世界上最强大的殖民地帝国，印度和非洲大部分地区被英国殖民。
20世纪，英国在两次世界大战中扮演了关键角色，但在战后开始了殖民帝国的解体和国际地位的下降。
2. 美国历史沿革（1）美国历史的起源可以追溯到公元前1492年，哥伦布发现了北美大陆。
17世纪早期，英国殖民者开始在北美建立殖民地。
（2）18世纪末，美国爆发了独立战争，美国终于于1776年宣布独立，建立了独立的民主共和国。
英美概况大题知识点总结
英美概况大题知识点总结1. 位置与面积:- 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成，是一个岛国，又称不列颠群岛。
- 美国位于北美洲的中北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。
是全球第三大、北美洲第二大的国家。
2. 地形:- 英国地貌复杂，地势起伏。
苏格兰地区有高山，如本提高地、格兰特群山、高地等，英格兰和威尔士地势较低，北爱尔兰地区以丘陵地形为主。
- 美国地大物博，地貌多样。
东部大西洋沿岸是低洼平原，中部是多河流盆地、大草原和沙漠，西部有洛矶山脉、科罗拉多高原和内华达高原，阿拉斯加地区是冰川遍布的高山地区，夏威夷是火山构成的群岛，加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州有大片的森林。
3. 气候:- 英国气候温和，受海洋性气候和大西洋洋流的影响。
冬季不太寒冷，夏季不太炎热，年降水量较多。
- 美国气候多样，北部地区属于温带大陆性气候，南部地区属于亚热带气候。
阿拉斯加地区气候寒冷，夏威夷地区气候属于热带海洋性气候。
整体上，美国西部偏干燥，东部偏湿润。
4. 主要城市:- 英国主要城市包括伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰、利物浦等。
伦敦是英国首都，也是英国最大的城市，世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
- 美国主要城市包括纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、旧金山、华盛顿等。
纽约是美国最大的城市，也是世界金融中心之一，华盛顿是美国首都。
5. 自然资源:- 英国主要矿产资源包括煤炭、天然气、铁矿石和石油。
海洋渔业资源也非常丰富。
- 美国拥有丰富的煤炭、石油、天然气、铁矿石等矿产资源，以及广大的农业土地和丰富的水资源。
6. 语言和宗教:- 英国官方语言是英语，宗教主要是基督教，其中以英国国教会和天主教最为流行。
- 美国官方语言也是英语，宗教信仰多元，基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教等都有一定的信徒。
英美历史概况:1. 古代历史:- 英国在古代分别由凯尔特人、罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人和维京人等民族统治，1066年诺曼征服后建立了专制统治的王朝。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
英美概况考前知识点总结
英美概况考前知识点总结一、英国1.概况英国，全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），是位于欧洲西部的一个岛屿国家，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个地区组成。
首都为伦敦，是英国最大的城市，也是英国的政治、经济和文化中心。
2. 地理英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，主要由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成。
英国陆地面积约为24.2万平方公里，辖区范围包括英国本土以及北爱尔兰地区。
英国地势起伏，有平原、丘陵和山地，包括英格兰北部的湖区和苏格兰的高地。
英国气候多变，主要受大西洋气候影响，冬季寒冷，夏季温和多雨。
3. 政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首为英国女王，目前由伊丽莎白二世担任。
英国议会由两院组成，包括由选举产生的下议院和由上议院成员组成的上议院。
英国政府由首相领导，议会制度是英国政治的核心。
4. 经济英国是一个发达国家，经济实力雄厚。
英国主要产业包括金融、保险、科技、汽车制造、机械制造、航空航天、医药等。
伦敦作为金融中心，对世界经济有着重要影响。
英国是欧盟成员国，但于2016年公投决定脱离欧盟。
5. 文化英国是文化底蕴深厚的国家，有着悠久的历史和传统。
英国文学、音乐、戏剧等领域拥有世界级的影响力，莎士比亚、狄更斯、爱默生等文学巨匠为世人所熟知。
英国还是摇滚乐的发源地之一，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等乐团享誉世界。
二、美国1.概况美利坚合众国（The United States of America），简称美国，是位于北美洲的一个联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
首都为华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，最大的城市是纽约。
美国是世界上最强大的国家之一，拥有世界上最大的经济、最强大的军事力量和最先进的科技。
2. 地理美国地处北美洲中部，东临大西洋，西临太平洋，北界加拿大，南濒墨西哥湾。
美国领土面积约为9.83万万平方公里，是世界第四大国家。
英美概况知识点总结专升本
英美概况知识点总结专升本英美概况是指英国和美国的基本情况及相关知识的总结和概述。
英国和美国作为世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一，其政治、经济、文化等方面的情况对世界和全球化进程产生着重要的影响。
本文将从英国和美国的历史、政治、经济、文化、教育、社会等多个方面对这两个国家的概况进行总结。
一、英国概况1. 历史英国的历史悠久，可以追溯到几千年前。
公元前43年罗马帝国入侵英格兰，建立了罗马不列颠，标志着英国进入了历史时期。
在此后的几个世纪里，英国经历了盎格鲁-撒克逊、维京人和诺曼底入侵等一系列事件，形成了英国独特的历史文化传统。
2. 政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是英国女王。
英国议会由上议院和下议院组成，是英国的最高立法机构。
英国政府主要由首相和内阁组成，负责国家的日常管理和决策。
3. 经济英国是全球第六大经济体，其经济体系主要由资本主义制度组成。
英国的主要经济产业包括金融、制造业、科技、医疗保健和旅游业等。
伦敦是英国的金融中心，也是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
4. 文化英国是全球文化的重要中心之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产和传统。
英国文学、音乐、戏剧和电影等领域都享有盛誉，许多作家、音乐家、演员和导演都在世界范围内备受尊敬。
5. 教育英国拥有世界上一些最著名的大学，如牛津大学、剑桥大学等。
英国的教育体系以高质量和多样化而著称，吸引着许多国际学生前来留学。
6. 社会英国的社会福利体系完善，保障了人民的基本权益。
英国是多元文化的社会，拥有来自世界各地的移民群体，形成了一个多元化和包容性的社会。
二、美国概况1. 历史美国的历史可以追溯到1492年克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现美洲大陆以来。
美国经历了移民潮、独立战争、内战、西部拓荒等一系列大事件，形成了美国独特的历史传统。
2. 政治美国是一个联邦制共和国，其政治体系基于宪法的原则。
美国总统是国家元首，由总统、参议院和众议院共同组成的三权分立制度是美国政治的核心特征。
英语国家概况重点笔记
英语国家概况重点笔记一、英国概况。
英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，这名字可长啦。
它由四个部分组成呢，英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
咱先说说英格兰吧，那可是英国的主要部分，伦敦就在英格兰哦。
伦敦可酷了，有大本钟，那是标志性的建筑，每次看到大本钟的照片就感觉英国在眼前啦。
英国的历史超级悠久，有过好多王朝呢。
像都铎王朝就很出名，亨利八世还因为想和老婆离婚和教会闹掰了，这事儿可在英国历史上掀起了大风浪。
英国的君主立宪制也很特别，国王或者女王现在更多的是一种象征，实际权力在议会和首相手里。
二、美国概况。
美国呢，是个年轻又充满活力的国家。
它原来是英国的殖民地，后来通过独立战争才独立的。
美国的国旗星条旗也有含义的，星星代表着美国的州，条纹代表着最初的十三个殖民地。
美国的政治体系是联邦制，总统有很大的权力。
选举总统的时候可热闹了，各个候选人到处演讲拉票。
三、加拿大概况。
加拿大这个国家，地广人稀。
它和美国相邻，自然环境超级美，有很多大片的森林和湖泊。
加拿大的枫叶特别有名，到了秋天，漫山遍野的枫叶红得像火一样，那景色简直绝了。
加拿大也是个多元文化的国家，有很多来自不同国家的移民。
它的官方语言有英语和法语，在魁北克省，很多人说法语呢。
加拿大的冰球运动很流行，好多男孩子都梦想着成为冰球明星。
四、澳大利亚概况。
澳大利亚在南半球，是个很独特的国家。
它有很多独特的动物，像袋鼠、考拉，超级可爱。
澳大利亚的大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群，那里面的海洋生物可丰富了，五颜六色的鱼在珊瑚礁里游来游去，就像海底的童话世界。
澳大利亚的经济依赖于矿业、农业和旅游业。
它的农业很发达，羊毛、牛肉等农产品出口很多。
澳大利亚的教育也不错，很多留学生都去那里学习呢。
五、新西兰概况。
新西兰也是在南半球，和澳大利亚有点像。
它的风景超美，有壮丽的雪山、碧绿的草原。
新西兰的毛利文化很有特色，毛利人的舞蹈和传统服饰都很吸引人。
新西兰的农业也很发达，尤其是乳制品行业。
大二英美概况知识点总结
大二英美概况知识点总结在大二的学习中，英美概况这门课程为我们打开了了解英美国家的一扇窗。
通过这门课程，我们对英美两国的历史、政治、经济、文化等方面有了更全面和深入的认识。
以下是对大二英美概况课程知识点的总结。
一、英国概况1、地理英国位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
英国的主要岛屿包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛东北部和一些小岛。
其气候温和湿润，属于温带海洋性气候。
2、历史英国的历史悠久且丰富。
从罗马统治时期，到盎格鲁撒克逊人的入侵，再到诺曼征服，英国的政治和社会结构不断演变。
工业革命使英国成为世界上第一个工业化国家，拥有强大的经济和军事实力，建立了庞大的殖民地。
3、政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首，但权力主要由议会和政府行使。
英国议会分为上议院和下议院，政府由首相领导。
英国的政党制度主要有保守党和工党。
4、经济英国是世界上重要的经济体之一，其经济以服务业为主，特别是金融服务业。
伦敦是全球重要的金融中心之一。
制造业和农业在英国经济中也占有一定地位。
5、文化英国文化底蕴深厚，在文学、艺术、音乐、戏剧等领域有着卓越的成就。
从莎士比亚的戏剧到简·奥斯汀的小说，从披头士乐队到皇家芭蕾舞团，英国的文化影响力广泛。
此外，英国的教育体系也备受世界瞩目，拥有众多顶尖的大学。
二、美国概况1、地理美国位于北美洲中部，领土还包括北美洲西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷群岛。
美国地形多样，有山脉、平原、高原和沙漠等。
气候类型丰富，从寒带到热带都有分布。
2、历史美国原为印第安人的聚居地，15 世纪末，西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等相继移民至此。
通过独立战争，美国摆脱了英国的殖民统治，建立了联邦制国家。
美国在 19 世纪通过领土扩张和工业发展迅速崛起，成为世界强国。
3、政治美国是一个联邦制国家，实行三权分立的政治制度，行政权由总统行使，立法权属于国会，司法权属于最高法院。
英美概况教程知识点总结
英美概况教程知识点总结英国和美国是世界上最具影响力、最发达的国家之一，两国在政治、经济、文化、教育等方面都具有举足轻重的地位。
了解英美的概况对于拓展视野、增进知识十分重要。
本文将对英美概况进行详细总结，希望能为读者提供全面的了解。
一、英国概况1. 地理位置英国位于欧洲西部，东临英吉利海峡，北面是北海，西北面是爱尔兰海，东北面是北大西洋。
英国主要由大不列颠岛和苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰等岛屿组成。
2. 政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，首相则是政府首脑。
3. 经济发展英国是世界第五大经济体，金融、汽车制造、航空航天、化工、制药等产业发达，是全球最大的外汇交易中心。
4. 文化英国是世界文化强国，文学、音乐、艺术、体育等方面都有深厚的底蕴，如莎士比亚、贝多芬、莫扎特等都是国际知名的文化巨匠。
二、美国概况1. 地理位置美国位于北美洲的中心地带，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北面和加拿大相邻，南面与墨西哥相接。
2. 政治体制美国是一个联邦制国家，国家元首是总统，实行三权分立的政治体制。
3. 经济发展美国是世界第一大经济体，工业、农业、科技、金融等方面都处于世界领先地位，是全球最大的出口国和进口国。
4. 文化美国是世界文化强国，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、时尚等文化产业对全球产生深远影响，美国文艺活动也具有世界性影响力。
三、英美概况对比1. 政治体制英国是君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王，政治体制稳定；美国是联邦制国家，国家元首是总统，实行三权分立的政治体制。
2. 经济发展英国虽然是世界经济体，但经济规模和实力与美国相比仍有差距，尤其在科技、金融等方面美国更为发达。
3. 文化影响英国和美国在文化领域都有世界性的影响力，但美国的文化产业更加发达，对全球的影响力更广泛。
四、学习英美概况的重要性1. 拓展视野了解英美的概况可以帮助人们拓展视野，了解世界上其他国家的政治、经济、文化等情况，增强对世界的认识。
英美概况知识点总结高中
英美概况知识点总结高中英美概况是指英国和美国两个国家的基本情况和特点的总称，包括国家地理环境、政治制度、经济发展、文化传统、社会风貌等多个方面的内容。
作为世界上两个最具有影响力和历史底蕴的国家，英美概况的了解对于增进我们对这两个国家的了解和认识具有重要意义。
下面将进行英美概况知识点的总结，以便于大家更好地了解这两个国家。
一、英国概况1. 地理环境英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，是一个由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成的联合王国。
英国地处大西洋东部，地形多样，有山地、平原、丘陵和岛屿等地貌。
英国的气候受大西洋海洋性气候影响，冬季温和湿润，夏季凉爽多雨。
英国是一个发达的海岛国家，拥有丰富的自然资源和美丽的风景。
2. 政治制度英国的政治制度是君主立宪制，君主是国家元首，议会是最高权力机构。
英国议会分为上议院和下议院两个部分，议会具有立法和监督政府职能。
英国政府由内阁负责，内阁首相是政府首脑，由议会多数党派的领导人担任。
英国的政治体制稳定成熟，拥有悠久的历史传统和独特的民主制度。
3. 经济发展英国是一个发达的工业化国家，经济实力雄厚。
英国拥有发达的资本市场和金融服务业，是全球金融中心之一。
英国的经济以服务业为主，尤其是金融、保险、房地产、科技和娱乐等领域发展迅速。
此外，英国也拥有发达的制造业和农业，是世界上最重要的出口国之一。
4. 文化传统英国是文化名城，拥有丰富的文化传统和历史遗产。
英国文学、音乐、艺术、博物馆、剧院等领域都有重要影响力。
英国享有丰富多样的文化产业，包括电影、电视、出版、游戏等领域蓬勃发展。
英国还拥有众多世界知名的文化遗产，如巨石阵、温莎城堡、巴斯古城等。
5. 社会风貌英国社会多元包容，拥有多样的文化建制和生活方式。
英国是一个移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成多元的社会结构。
英国的社会福利体系完善，医疗、教育、社会保障等公共服务和福利都得到充分保障。
英国社会秩序良好，法治建设完善，民众享有相对安定和安全的生活环境。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第一单元英国The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,the United Kingdom or U.K., Great Britain, Britain. Informally不正式的名称: England组成：England ,Scotland ,and Wales；numerous smaller coastal islands; and Northern Ireland位置：Britain is situated in Western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Islands including the northern part of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea.To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America.Land areas: 242,900 (km2) 240 thousand squire kilometers.(占全球面积的0.67%相当于广东省的面积)•The total area is about 244,820 square kilometers.•It Is over 1,000 km. from south to north and it is about 500 km. from west to east. British Isles（不列颠群岛）Two large islands several small ones two statesBritain：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Great Britain：England, Wales ，ScotlandNational Flag: Union Jack(It combines the red-on-white crosses of England’s St George and Ireland's St Patrick, with the white-on-blue cross of Scotland’s St Andrew)白底红正十字代表英格兰守护神——圣乔治,蓝底白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神——圣安德鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神——圣帕特里克。
British national anthem国歌:“god save the queen” or “God save the king”National flower：Rose Capital：LondonNational emblem英国国徽：中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征北爱尔兰。
盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。
Nickname of England:John BullPopulation:60million(60,209,000 )，占全球总人口数的0.9%(湖北省的人口数59million 0.89%) 1 pound = 11.09 yuan RMB 1 dollar = 6.83 yuan RMBThere are Five Official Languages in UN.:1 Chinese2 English3 Russian4 French5 Spanish1. Countries & territories in the world s : 2242. English speaking countries & territories:171Terrain （地形、地势）Mostly rough hills and low mountains.Level to rolling plains in east and southeastLand use:1.forest 10.4% 2.pasture（牧场)45.9% 3.agriculture 24.8% 4.other 18.9% Much of the land is used for human habitation住所.London is Capital of England and BritainScotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers. Edinburgh爱丁堡is the capital of Scotland.The capital of Wales is Cardiff 加的夫、卡迪夫.Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.Climate and Weather：In Britain the weather is rainy, changeable and unpredictable. In fact it has a favorable maritime climate. It rarely rises above 32℃in summer or fallsbelow –10℃in winter. Winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot. Population：The population in the UK was 60,209,500 in the mid-2005.There were about 50 million people in England. 2,96 million in Wales、5million in Scotland、1.7million in Northern IrelandThe English are Anglo-Saxon in originThe three Germanic tribes部落: the Angles, the Saxons and Jutes which invaded（入侵）Britain form the basis of modern English people.The characteristic of the English are谨慎细心cautious, 沉默寡言silent, 讲究服从deference , 有点保守conservative, and 有侵略性aggressive.The Welsh are the descendants后代of the Britons of the second Celtic tribes. Wales has been called ―The Land of Song‖. 歌唱之国The Irish are known for their charm and vivacity [vi`væsiti] 活泼as well as for the beauty of their girls.LanguagesThe major languages spoken in Britain are English,Gaelic and Welsh.English is the official language of the country and is spoken by most of the population. One fourth welsh people in Wales speak welsh language.In 1535 Welsh was forbidden as an official language, but in 1965 it was given equality with English for all official use in Wales.This emigration of qualified people from Great Britain is called the “brain drain”人才外流Britain is divided into highland area and lowland area.It has large mountain ranges : the Pennies ,The Cumbrian Mountain Range, the Grampian Mountains , the Cambrian Mountain Range such important rivers as Thames River ,the Seven River Mercy River, the Humber, the Clyde River and the Forth.Mountain in Scotland：The Grampian Mountain格兰扁山脉Which covers about two third of Scotland is the highest and largest mountain in Britain . The Peak is Ben Nevis which is 1,343 meters high.Rivers in Scotland ：The Clyde River（克莱德河）is the most important river in Scotland and is about 170 km. It flows through the third largest city of Glasgow.The Forth River is flowing through the Scottish Capital - Edinburgh.Mountain in Wales：The Cambrian Mountain Range covers most of Wales and is the second highest mountain in Britain. Its highest peak is Snow don which is 1085 meters high.The Cambrian Mountain Range is the second highest Mountain in Britain.River in Wales：The Severn River(塞文河）rises in northeast Wales and flows through central England to the Bristol Channel.It is 355 Kilometers long and is the L ongest river in Britain.Mountains in England：The Cumbrian Mountain Range is the third highest mountain in Britain. It lies in northwest of England and the peak of Scafell is 977 meters high. The Lake District is instituted in the Cumbrian Mountain Range .This area is beautiful and quiet and the Lake poets（湖畔诗人）once lived in the Lake District （湖区）. Pennies（奔宁山脉）The Pennies is a kind of ‗upland‖ Since the 19th century, it has been called the ―backbone of England‖, which stretches about 120 kilometers from the Scottish border to Derby-shire. The highest point of the Pennies is Cross Fell which is 893 meters high.Rivers in England：Thames River is the most important river in England.It rises in Cotswold Hills and empties into the English Channel.It is338 kilometers long and flows through London.Lakes in Britain:The largest Lake in England is Windermere, which covers an area of 16 square kilometers and is located in Lake District. The Lake District, which is a scenic spot, is situated in Cumbrian Mountain Range in northwest of England.Natural Resources:Coal:Britain has some of the great coal fields of the world. The annual coal production output is over 120 million tons.Oil:Britain is the world …s ninth largest producer.Natural Gas:Britain is the fifth largest gas producer in the world.Britain is rich in water resources with too much rain and many short and rapid rivers Rainfall:Mild and temperate climate: the weather is rainy, changeable and unpredictable. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,ooo m.W a l e s----l a n d o f c a s t l e sSports:FOOTBALL/ soccer Britain‟s premier最初的clubs(Its biggest club)Golf-------Scotland‟s most famous golf coursesLondon is the capital of England and the United Kingdom and It is the largest city in Europe.London consists of the city of London and Greater London.Greater London is made up of 20 outer London boroughs and 12 Inner London boroughs伦敦自治市。