重庆大学研究生英语2011-2012试题

重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷

2011 ~2012 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）

开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期：

考试方式：

考试时间： 120 分钟

硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet

Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 2 point each )

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9. ( ) 10. ( ) 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )

Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)

Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )

Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)

(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)

命题（组题）人： 游振声 陈扑

审题人：

沈毅

命题时间：2011.12

研究生院制

学院 专业（领域） 类别 （ 学术 、专业 ） 学号 姓名

封

线

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重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷

2011 ~2012 学年第一学期

硕士生B类

Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%

Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One

If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training.

A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the –job training.

That‘s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell‘s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor‘s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education couples with work experience.

But in the long run, too much specialization doesn‘t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.

As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State‘s Schertz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. ―They want someone who isn‘t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,‖ says Schertz.

This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Them and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or and engineering degree. ―I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thing,‖says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. ―A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,‖ says Schertz.

1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?

A. Students with a bachelor‘s degree in humanities.

B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.

C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.

D. People with special training in engineering.

2. By saying ―… but the impact of a degree washes out after five years‖ (Line 3, Para. 3), the

author means .

A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation

B. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions

C. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years‘ time as they are now

D. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got

3. According to Schertz‘s statement (Lines 3~4, Para. 4), companies prefer .

A. people who have a strategic mind

B. people who are talented in fine arts

C. people who are ambitious and aggressive

D. people who have received training in mechanics

4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because .

A. they are more capable of handling changing situations

B. they and stick to established ways of solving problems

C. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields

D. they have attended special programs in management

5. Which of the following statements does the author support?

A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.

B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.

C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.

D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.

Passage Two

With fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.

The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.

Another new project is being setup to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this：First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed；then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids；after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel；the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.

The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

6. The phrase ―should be well on with...‖（Para. 1）most probably means _______.

A. have completed what was started

B. get ready to start

C. have achieved a great deal in

D. put an end to

7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3？

A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.

B. Sharpening metal bars.

C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.

D. Sorting out small pieces of metal. 8. What‘s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？

A. To deal with wastes in a better way.

B. To protect the environment from pollution.

C. To get raw materials locally.

D. To get big profits from those plants.

9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _______.

A. began to operate fifteen years ago

B. will probably take less than fifteen years to build

C. will be built fifteen years later

D. will probably be in operation in fifteen years

10. The passage is mainly about _______.

A. a cheap way to get energy

B. the location of recycling plants

C. new ways of recycling wastes

D. the probability of city environment

Passage Three

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our

strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.

Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other‘s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ?Talk, talk, talk,‘ the advocates of violence say, ?all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.‘ It‘s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ?Possible, my lord,‘ the barrister replied, ?none the wiser, but surely far better informed.‘ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

11. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Advocating Violence.

B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.

C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.

D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.

12. Recorded history has taught us _______________.

A. violence never solves anything.

B. nothing.

C. the bloodshed means nothing.

D. everything.

13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men __________.

A. can‘t get a hearing.

B. are looked down upon.

C. are persecuted.

D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.

14. ―He was none the wiser‖ means

A. he was not at all wise in listening.

B. H e was not at all wiser than nothing before.

C. H e gains nothing after listening.

D. H e makes no sense of the argument.

15. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is

A. law enforcement.

B. knowledge.

C. nonviolence.

D. Mopping up the violent mess.

Passage Four

For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us --- or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones --- but only as far as they went.

Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.

From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."

Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended．

But all that’s changing．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism．From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays

favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy‘s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation．“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．

16．The beginning of the passage indicates that

A．researchers have found out what shapes us．

B．our peer is the last factor influencing us．

C．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．

D．what researchers found contributes in a limited way．

17．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblings A．offer us much useful information．

B．have great influences on us．

C．are the ones who love us completely．

D．accompany us throughout our life．

18．In scientific community, previous research on siblings

A．mostly focused on the sibling order．

B．studied the characteristics of the kids．

C．studied the matter in a broad sense．

D．wasn‘t believable and the discussion ended．

19．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?

A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble．

B．Sisters have quarrels with each other．

C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism．

D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve．

20．From the last paragraph，we can conclude that

A．managers learned management skills from the family playroom．

B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings．

C．studies on siblings are under the way。

D．studies on siblings need thorough investigation．

Part II. Translation from English to Chinese 20%

Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

Children‘s home environment shapes the initial attitudes they develop toward learning. When parents nurture their children‘s natural curiosity about the world by welcoming their questions, encouraging exploration, and familiarizing them with resources that can enlarge their world, they are giving their children the message that learning is worthwhile and frequently fun and satisfying. When children are raised in a home that nurtures a sense of self-worth, competence and autonomy, they will be more apt to accept the risks inherent in learning. Conversely, when children do not view themselves as basically competent and able, their freedom to engage in academically challenging pursuits and capacity to tolerate and cope with failure are greatly diminished.

Part III. Translation from Chinese into English 20%

Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

快乐教育是指强调培养学生成为德,智,体,美(aesthetics),劳全面发展的人。它改变了我们以往唯有高分的学生才是人才的观念，因为我们国家的建设事业不仅仅需要工程师和科学家, 同样也需要各行各业的能工巧匠。

Part IV. Writing 20%

Directions:Write a composition of about 150 words on the following title. Write your composition on your Answer Sheet.

In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home using technology such as computers or television or of studying at traditional schools. Which would you prefer? Use reasons and specific details to explain your choice.