初二语法-不定式。讲和练
初二英语语法不定式详解及习题

初二英语语法:动词不定式详解及习题一..不定式的构成:to+ 动词原形二不定式的特征:不定式不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,动词不定式具有名词,形容词,和副词的特征,可以在句子中作主语,表语,宾语。
宾语补足语,定语,和状语。
现将用法归纳如下。
(一)、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。
常见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth(3)It takes sb some time to do sth(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式注意:当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.It's for sb.和It's of sb.1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
(二)、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants to buy some vegetables.2. Don't forget to bringyour homework with you when you come to school.3. He found it very difficult ______.常接不定式作宾语的动词;want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。
冀教版八年级英语语法动词不定式精讲精练

冀教版八年级英语语法动词不定式精讲精练1概念引入(1)动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
(2)动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。
(3)不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人,就指望别人怎样待你。
(4)不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break,others to break records.逆境使一些人崩溃,也使一些人破记录。
(5)不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说,该做的时候做。
(6)不定式作目的状语To find the exact answer,one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案,首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义:动词不定式是一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语),基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志,无意义,可以不翻译)肯定式:to + 动词原形否定式:not to + 动词原形1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
(1)动词不定式作主语。
例如:To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
初二英语常用语法汇总及解析

初二英语常用语法汇总及解析一、动词不定式1. 基本形式与用法:动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”,它具有多种用法。
例如,作主语:To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要),为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语动词不定式后置,即It is important to learn English well. 作宾语:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物),常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want (想要),decide(决定),hope(希望),plan(计划)等。
作宾语补足语:The teacher asks us to read English every day.(老师要求我们每天读英语)。
作定语:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做),这里的“to do”用来修饰“homework”,表示“要做的作业”。
作状语:To get good grades, he studies hard.(为了取得好成绩,他努力学习),表示目的。
解析:动词不定式在句子中可以充当多种成分,丰富了句子的表达。
作主语时,要注意形式主语it 的运用;作宾语时,需牢记常用的接不定式的动词;作宾语补足语时,要理解它与宾语之间的逻辑关系;作定语时,明确它与被修饰词的关系;作状语时,通常表示目的、结果或原因等,通过大量例句和练习可以更好地掌握其用法。
二、动名词1. 形式与功能:动名词由动词原形加ing 构成,它在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
作主语:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益)。
作宾语:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书),常见的接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy(享受),finish(完成),mind(介意),keep(继续)等。
03 动词不定式-八年级英语上册语法精讲精练(外研版)

03 动词不定式1. 动词不定式名言:(1)动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
(2)动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。
(3)不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人,就指望别人怎样待你。
(4)不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break,others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃,也使一些人破记录。
(5)不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说,该做的时候做。
(6)不定式作目的状语To find the exact answer,one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案,首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义:动词不定式是一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语),基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志,无意义,可以不翻译)肯定式:to + 动词原形否定式:not to + 动词原形【用法讲解】1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
(1)动词不定式作主语(作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面)。
例如:To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事Teaching English is my hobby教英语是我的爱好。
外研八年级上英语动词不定式讲义及练习

外研八年级上英语动词不定式讲义和练习1、把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2、用 it 作形式主语 ,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于以下句式中。
如:①I t + be+名词+ to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②I t takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③I t + be+形容词+ for sb+to do 逻辑主语④I t + be+形容词+ of sb+ to do“It is stupid of you to write down everything 〞 , the teacher says.注意:在③中, 常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在④中 ,常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词 ,强调对人的评价。
在不定式前的 sb,可看作其逻辑主语。
这一句式有时相当于 Sb is+形容词+ to do 句式 ,如: It's kind of you to help me with myEnglish.=You are kind to help me with my English.⑤I t seems(appears)+形容词+ to doIt seemed impossible to save money.3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him.二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征,通常放在连系动词〔主要是be 动词〕后。
初二数学动词不定式用法小结及练习

初二数学动词不定式用法小结及练习1. 动词不定式的构成动词不定式由动词原形前加上“to”构成,如:to swim、to eat。
2. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以作主语,表示一个动作或状态,如:- To learn math is important. 研究数学很重要。
- To exercise regularly helps improve health. 经常锻炼有助于提高健康。
3. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,如:- I want to eat an apple. 我想吃个苹果。
- She likes to play soccer. 她喜欢踢足球。
4. 动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式可以作名词的后置定语,表示目的、原因或解释,如:- The book to read is on the table. 要读的那本书放在桌子上。
- He has a lot of homework to finish. 他有很多作业要完成。
5. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示目的、结果、原因、方式等,如:- He runs to keep fit. 他跑步保持健康。
- She studied hard to pass the exam. 她努力研究为了通过考试。
练:1. 用动词不定式作主语填空:- ______________ is necessary for a healthy lifestyle. (Exercise)- ______________ feels good after a long day of work. (Relax)2. 用动词不定式作宾语填空:- She wants ______________ French. (Learn)- They enjoy ______________ basketball together. (Play)3. 用动词不定式作后置定语填空:- The book ______________ is very interesting. (Read)- He has a lot of homework ______________. (Finish)4. 用动词不定式作状语填空:- I go to the gym ______________ fit. (Stay)- She worked hard ______________ a promotion. (Get)答案:1. To exercise2. To learn; playing3. To read; to finish4. To stay; to get。
人教版英语八年级下册第二单元语法不定式的讲解及练习题
第二单元语法A、动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时to可以省略。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语。
He wanted to sit down. Let me have a look at that letter. TThey asked him to sing a pop song at the party.2 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语,状语、等。
①主语为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it 作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.To learn a foreign language well is not easy. =It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well .②宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare manage afford…常接动词不定式作宾语。
He agreed to meet me at the station.I promised to help.当宾语有补足语时,常常使用主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+不定式(真正的宾语),常用的谓语动词:find ,think ,consider, make ,feel,等。
I feel it my duty to help him.I think it difficult to learn English well.用在but ,except ,besides之后动词不定式作宾语,前面有行为动词do 及do的各种形式时,不定时省略to。
冀教版初中英语八年级动词不定式(讲解+练习)(1)
动词不定式1. 动词不定式位置:(1)动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
Ψ表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
I am a teacher.(2)动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。
Ψ主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
He likes watch TV.(3)不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人,就指望别人怎样待你。
Ψ宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。
能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
We all like play basketball.√.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects(4)不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break,others to break records.逆境使一些人崩溃,也使一些人破记录。
Ψ宾补就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的。
I know you are a student good at maths.(在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语) I know you are a student who is good at maths.(宾语补语也可以是句子)I see you crossing the street.(还可以是-ing 形式)√. I saw him _______ out of the room.A. goB. had goneC. has goneD. goes(5)不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说,该做的时候做。
初二英语动词不定式讲义和练习附带答案
初二年级英语动词不定式讲义和对应练习动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形〞构成的一种非谓语动词构造。
有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式构造作主语常置于句末。
如:1、把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2、用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于以下句式中。
如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the position a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do“It is stupid of you to write down everything〞,the teacher says.注意:在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词,强调对人的评价。
初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习(全面)
语法:动词不定式动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的转变,在句子中不能作谓语,但能够作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成份(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的特点,同时还维持动词的某些特点,既能够有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语组成不定式短语。
一、组成:to do .否定式not to do二、常见时态:一样时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done完成进行式to have been doing三、动词不定式在句子中的成份一、作句子的主语:现实中常用it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)后置。
比较以下句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White.To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.句型总结It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特点等的形容词(如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等)作表语时,不定式之前常加一个引发的短语,说明不定式指的是谁的情形(能够明白得为某人的好,坏,伶俐,愚蠢,对,错等等)。
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初二语法:动词不定式不定式就是“to+动词原型”,不定式在英文中可以充当很多成分。
下面我们就一起来看一看不定式的几种用法。
一、不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,不定式的位置有两种(1)不定式位于句首。
如:T o go to school by bike takes me half an hour every day.我每天花半个小时骑车上学。
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式放在句子的后面,常用于下列句式中.如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's a good idea to go to the park on a nice day.天气好去公园是个好主意。
T o go to the park on a nice day is a good idea.就显得主语过长,句子头重脚轻,因而使用形式主语更利于清楚表达句子的结构。
②It+be+形容词+for sb.+to doIt is so hard for a kid to answer a difficult question like this.回答这样一个难题对于一个孩子来说太难了。
③It+be+形容词+of sb.+to doIt is nice of you to tak e care of my cat when I’m busy.你真好能在我忙的时候照顾我的猫。
difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary+forcareless,clever,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise+of常见的区分for和of的例句还有这样一对:It’s good for you to drink some water every day.It’s very good of you to help me.④It tak es/took sb.+some time+to do sth.It took him only15minutes to finish his homework.二、不定式做宾语(1)下面这些动词后面,只能跟不定式做宾语afford(付得起),agr ee(同意),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt(试图),choose(决定),decide(决定),determine(决心),expect(期待),fail(未履行),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prep are (准备),pr e te nd(假装),promise(答应),refuse(拒绝),want(想要)如:He ask ed his mom to buy him a new bicycle.他要求妈妈给他买一辆新自行车。
At last,he chose to tell the truth.最终,他选择了说出事实。
She decided to drop out of school because her family couldn’t pay for her education.他决定辍学因为家里无力支付她的教育支出。
He failed to finish his work on time.他没能按时完成工作。
I hope to see you again soon.我希望能很快再次见到你。
He managed to save his co-workers’lives.他设法挽救了他同事的生命。
My p arents offered to tak e us to the teahouse.我父母提出带我们去茶馆。
He planned to give his wife a surprise.他计划给他妻子一个惊喜。
He promised to watch the show with us.他承诺和我们一起去看演出。
(2)动词+疑问词+不定式动词后常常使用“疑问词+不定式”作动词的宾语。
如:I don’t know how to get to the airport from here.我不知道从这儿如何到机场。
Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。
He forgot when to start the meeting.他忘记了什么时候开始会议。
三、不定式做定语1.不定式在做定语的时候,位置在被修饰的部分的后面。
如:They don’t have enough food to eat or enough places to live in.他们没有足够的食物吃,足够的地方住。
My dream to become a teacher has come true at last.我当老师的梦想最终实现了。
re tThe next train to arrive is from W ashington.下一个到站的列车是从华盛顿来的。
2.名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰的时候,名词后面的定语要用不定式。
如: 1.He is always the first student to arrive and the last to leave.2.It is the most suitable gift to buy .3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象,常用主动式。
如:1.There’s just so much to see and do here.2.... but there are still many things to do there.不定式练习:1. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive2. The workers want us ________ tog ether with them. A. work B. working C. to workD. work ed 3. There ’ so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can ’ mak e up my mind ___to buy . A. whatB. whichC. howD. where4. There isn ’t any difference be tw een the two. I really don ’t know _________. A. where to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose whatD. to choose which 5. ——“Have you decided when ________?” ------“Y es, tomorrow morning.”A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. will you leaveD. are you leaving6. Last su mme r I took a course on ________. A. how to mak e dresses B. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made7. He doesn ’t know ______ to stay or not. A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will8. ---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot _______.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off9. W e ag r ee d _________ here but so far she hasn ’t turned up yet.A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have me10.She reached the top of the hill and stopped___on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest11.I need a day or two________.A.to think it overB.to think overC.of thinkingD.to think over it12.It’s freezing outside.Y ou_______put on your overcoat.A.had better toB.had betterC.would betterD.would better to13.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to_______.A.sitB.sit onC.be sitD.be sat on14.I’m hungry.Get me something_________.A.eatB.to eatC.eatingD.for eating15.---I usually go there by train.---Why not_______by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going16.I’ve work ed with children before,so I know what_________in my new job.A.expectedB.to expectC.to be expectingD.expects17.The pr oblem_______at tomorr ow’s meeting is a very difficult one.A.being discussedB.discussedC.to be discussedD.to discuss18.T obby wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mothe r told him_________.A.not toB.not to doC.not do itD.do not to19.She couldn’t decide which restaurant_______.A.to have lunchB.to eatC.to eat atD.eating at20.I prefer____rather than______.A.read;watchB.to read;watchC.reading;to watchD.to read;to watch。