七年级动词过去式的不规则表

七年级动词过去式的不规则表

1 A A

2 --ought

cost cost bring brought

cut cut fight fought

fit fit think thought

hit hit buy bought

hurt hurt 3--aught

let let teach taught

put put catch caught

read read

4 i--------a 5i-----o 6 aw/ow ---ew

begin began drive drove blow blew

drink drank ride rode draw drew

give gave write wrote grow grew

ring rang shine shone know knew

sing sang win won throw threw

sit sat fly flew

swim swam

7 ay---aid 8 ell---old 9 n---nt

pay paid sell sold burn burnt

say said tell told learn learnt

mean meant

10 ee---e..+t 11 d---t

feel felt build built

keep kept lend lent

sleep slept send sent

sweep swept 12

feed fed come came

meet met become became

speed sped can could shall should

smell smelt will would

spell spelt do did

eat ate

fall fell

find found

get got

forget forgot

go went

have had hear heard

hold held leave left

lose lost make made

take took mistake mistook

stand stood understand understood

see saw wake woke

初中英语语法

名词

一可数名词

1.单数形式常用a或者an来表示,a后接辅音音素而an后接元音音素.

a book a pencil a ruler an apple an egg an idea

an old an unhappy boy a useful book an hour an honest boy

an “A” “E”“F”“H”“I”“L”“M”“N”“O”“R”“S”“X”

2.复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化

规则变化有以下几条:

(1)一般情况下在单数名词后直接加s

a book two books

(2)在以s,x,sh,ch字母结尾的单词后加es

bus---buses box---boxes brush---brushes watch---watches

(3)辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y改成ies,但元音字母加y的词则直接在单词后加s. baby—babies boy---boys

(4)以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe改成ves

leaf---leaves knife---knives

(5)以o结尾的词一般在单词后直接加s,但下列词要加es

hero---heroes patato---patatoes tamato---tamatoes

(6)复合名词的复数只要把最后一个名词变成复数就可以,

但含有man/woman的复合名词,则两个名词都要变成复数.

an apple tree------three apple trees

a man teacher-----five men teachers

不规则变化

1 a—e man---men woman---women Frenchman--Frenchmen

2 oo—ee foot---feet goose---geese tooth---teeth

3单复数同形,注意这些词是可数名词

people—people sheep---sheep deer---deer Chinese,English,Japanese

4.child---children mouse---mice

不可数名词1.肉类2.液体3调料4平时要多积累

不可数名词有以下特点

1.它没有单复数2 表示具体数量常用of结构

a cup of tea a piece of news a bottle of milk

two cups of tea three bottles of milk

a box of apples five boxes of apples

名词的修饰

1.下列词修饰可数名词many许多a few有一些few很少,几

乎没有,这些词后跟可数名词复数many books a few people

few apples

2.下列词修饰不可数名词much 许多a little有一些little很

少,几乎没有much milk a little water

3.下列词既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数名词 a

lot of ,lots of ,plenty of ,some很多,一些a lot of apples and

milk

4.orange room time

名词所有格---的

1.一般情况下在名词后加’s . Lucy---Lucy’s

2.以s结尾的词加’.Teachers’ Day

3.共同拥有的只要在最后一个词加’s后接单数名词.Lucy and Lily’s desk而各自

拥有的,则要在两个后都要加’s后接名词的复数Lucy’s and Lily’s desks

4.of---的结构a map of China

5.to--的结构the answer to the question ,the key to the door, a ticket to the movie

6.双重所有格a friend of mine a book of my father’s

冠词

冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词the

下列情况下要用定冠词the

1.表示特定的人或物.The girl under the tree is Lucy.

2.表示说话人与听话人都熟悉的人或物.Lily is in the classroom.

3.上文提到过的人或物.He gave me a book.The book is very good.

4.表示世上独一无二的事物.the sun,the earth ,the moon

5.普通名词构成的专有名词前.the Great Wall the Yellow River

6.用在序数词,形容词的最高级和表示方位的名词前.the first ,the biggest,in the

east/south/west/north

7.用在乐器名词前play the piano,play the violin

8.用在姓名复数形式前,指一家人the Greens

9.the加形容词表示一类人the poor the rich

下列情况下不用冠词

1.在有些专有名词前China

2.名词前有作定语的限定词,如this,my,no,any,some This is my cat.

3.季节月份星期及三餐前不用冠词.in spring ,on Sunday, have supper

4.球类运动,棋类游戏前play soccer, play chess

5.节日名词前May Day ,Children’s Day

6.称呼语头衔或职务前Mr Green

代词

I we you he she it they 主格

me us you him her it them 宾格

我我们你,你们他她它(他她它)们

my our your his her its their加名词my book

mine ours yours his hers its theirs不加名词

我的我们的你(们)的他的她的它的(他.她,它)们的

myself ourselves yourself/yourselves himself herself itself themselves

我自己我们自己你(们)自己他自己她自己它自己(他.她,它)们自己

1.主格作主语I am from China.

2.宾格作宾语动词+宾格=动宾结构give me a book teach us English

3.介词+宾格=介宾结构give th is book to her It’s very kind of him to help us.

4.enjoy oneself=have a good time learn by oneself=teach oneself

look after oneself=take care of oneself Help oneself (yourself/yourselves)to…

by oneself say to oneself

数词

1.基数词和序数词

one first six sixth eleven eleventh

two second seven seventh twelve twelfth

three third eight eighth twenty twentieth

four fourth nine ninth twenty-one twenty-first

five fifth ten tenth

2.分数=分子/分母分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子大于1,分母要用复数

形式.1/3 one third 1/5 one fifth 1/2 a half 1/4 a quarter 2/3 two thirds 5/7 five sevenths

3.dozen,hundred,thousand,million,billon的用法,如果这些词前有基数词或several,

不能用复数形式;如果没有基数词或several,则这些词要用复数形式而且还要加上of.

two dozen books , several hundred cars ,thousands of people

4.时间表达方式

0~30 分钟past 时钟30~60 分钟to下一个钟点o’clock整点

1:10 ten past one 1:40 twenty to two 2:00two o’clock

2:15 a quarter past two 2:45 a quarter to three

3:30 a half past three 3:55 five to four

5.编号Lesson One=the first lesson Room205 Class3,Grade7

in the 1950s =in the nineteen fifties 在二十世纪五十年代

in one’s twenties/thirties

6.four-year-old four years old 100-meter race

Tom is a four-year-old boy. Tom is four years old.

形容词和副词

一.形容词…的clever interesting popular fat

1.形容词的构成

名词+ly =形容词名词+ y =形容词名词+al =形容词

friend+ly=frienly fun+y=funny person+al=personal

love+ly=lovely sun+y=sunny nation+al=national

live+ly=lively cloud+y=cloudy education+al=educational

名词+ful =形容词名词+less =形容词名词+en =形容词

hope+ful=hopeful hope+less=hopeless wood+en=wooden

use+ful=useful use+less=useless wool+en=woolen

beauty+ful=beautiful help+less=helpless gold+en=golden

名词+ous=形容词动词+able=形容词

danger+ous=dangerous change+able=changeable

safety safe count+able=countable

comfort+able=comfortable

2.形容词的用法

形容词+名词作定语系动词+形容词=系表结构作表语

good boy be/look/sound/feel/smell/taste/become angry

形容词作宾语的补足语keep the room clean

二.副词…..地hard slowly

1.副词的构成形容词+ly=副词

slow+ly=slowly heavy+ly=heavily

hard,fast既是形容词又是副词hardly

2副词的用法副词用来修饰动词run quickly

good taste good a good boy well sell well

三形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成

规则变化

1.一般情况下在形容词和副词后加er,est

clean---cleaner---cleanest

2.辅音字母加y结尾的词把y改成ier,iest

heavy---heavier---heaviest

3.以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er,est big—bigger---biggest fat---fatter---fattest thin ,hot, wet

4.部分双音节词和多音节词,在这些词前加more,most

popular---more popular ---most popular

不规则变化

good/well---better---best bad/badly---worse---worst

little---less---least far—farther/further—farthest/furthest

old---older/elder---oldest/eldest (兄弟姐妹之间比较)

many/much---more---most at least 最少at most 最多

less than 少于more than=over 大于,超过

my elder brother 我的哥哥my eldest brother我的大哥

farther更远further更进一步

四.形容词副词原级比较级最高级的用法.

1原级的用法

(1)as….as 与…一样

He is as tall as Tom. He is running as quickly as Tom.

(2)not as/so….as=less than 前者不如后者

Tom is not as/so tall as YaoMing.

(3)very/rather/quite very beautiful

(3)基数词tim es as…as 倍数确Tom is three times as fat as Jim.

3.比较级的用法

(1)两者之间进行比较,常有than提示

Who is taller,Maria or Jane? Jack is fatter than Tom.

(2)下列词后常用比较级much,no ,a litter,any ,even, still,far

much bigger a litter taller much more beautiful

(3)比较级and比较级越来越…..

bigger and bigger more and more popular

(4)the 比较级…,the比较级….

The more,the better.

(5)同一范围内的比较

比较级than any other 名词单数

He is taller than any other boy in his class.

比较级than the other名词复数He is taller than the other boys in his class.

Beijing is bigger than any city in Japan.(不同范围的比较)

(6)隐含比较Could you speak more slowly?

最高级的用法

(1)三者或三者以上之间进行比较

Who is the tallest,Tom,Jim or LiMing?

Tom is the thinnest of all.

(2)the 序数词+最高级

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

(3)one of the比较级/最高级+名词复数

Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.

Tom is one of the taller boys.

动词

一非谓语形式

Ving形式

1.Ving形式的构成

(1)一般情况下在动词后直接加ing. Look--looking

(2)以不发音的e结尾的词去e后加ing.

have—having see—seeing lie---lying die---dying

tie---tying

(3)以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,要双写最后一个辅音字母后加

ing. Swim---swimming put---putting

run,sit,slap,begin,cut,shop

2.下列词后要加ing

consider/finish/keep/enjoy/like/love/mind/practice/go

avoid/allow/No/do some+Ving

go swimming do some shopping finish reading

allow doing be allowed to do sth

3.介词要加ing

at/in/on/of/off/up/for/by/with/without/about/before/after

from/up

I am good at swimming. Don’t give up learning English.

4.下列词组后要加ing

feel like/be busy/be worth/have fun/can’t(couldn’t)help /

look forward to/pay attention to/make a contribution to/stay up(late)/find great pleasure in/have (some/no)trouble/difficulty

5.作主语

Swimming is good for your health.

Open the door,please.

6.作定语修饰名词

swimming pool developing country

动词不定式(to do)

1.ask/tell/want/would like/warn/help/advise/encourage/

teach/expect/allow/suggest后要加sb(not)to do sth

2.plan/decide/begin/would like/want/try/learn/promise/refuse

continue/can’t wait/take turns后要加to do sth

3.adj/adv +enough to do Tom is old enough to go to school.

4.something/anything/nothing+adj to do

I have something important to tell you.

5.It’s adj of/for sb to do sth.

It’s very kin d of you to help me.

It’s very important for you to learn English well.

6.find/think/believe it +adj to do sth

I find it difficult to learn English well.

7.表示目的

Tom jumped into the river to save that boy.

8.do a lot of homework------a lot of homework to do

live in a house-----------a house to live in

9.what/where/how/which/when+to do sth

what to do/how to do sth

I don’t know what to do. I don’t know how to do it.

10.be glad/happy/pleased/nice/sad/sorry to do

I am sorry to hear that. Glad to meet you.

11.try/do one’s best to do sth

12.can’t/couldn’t afford to do sth

不带to的不定式既动词原形

1.Why not/why+否定+主语后加不带to的不定式既动词原形

Why not see a doctor?Why don’t you see a doctor?

2.had better/had better not后加不带to的不定式既动词原形

You had better stay in bed. You’d better not go to school now.

3.make/let后加不带to的不定式既动词原形be made to do sth

This stor y made us laugh. Let’s go swimming now.

Make you monitor make you happy

4.Will/Would you please(not) 后加不带to的不定式既动词原形

综合各种形式

1.stop to do sth stop doing sth

2.forget to do sth forget doing sth

3.remember to do sth remember doing sth

4.see/saw/watch/hear/heard +sb/sth+doing/do sth

I often see her play soccer on the playground.

When I got home,I heard her singing this song.

5.get/be used to doing be used to do sth used to do sth used to be There used to be

6.prefer doing to doing prefer to do sth rather than do sth

would rather do sth than do sth

I prefer swimming to skating.

I prefer to stay at home rather than go out for a picnic.

二情态动词

1.情态动词后加动词原形.

2.can can’t could be able to

I can play the piano.会,能

I can’t swim. 不会He can’t be YaoMing, he is in the USA now.不可能

I could play the guitar when I was ten years old.过去能

Could you tell me something about China?有礼貌地提问

I am able to swim. I was able to play the piano when I was 6.

I will be able to fly to the moon one day.

be able to应用于任何时态

3.may maybe may be

May I help you? 可以The book may be on your desk.可能句中

Maybe the book is on your book. 可能句首副词maybe=perhaps

4. must must be mustn’t needn’t =don’t/doesn’t have to

You must go to school on time.必须主观

I have to stay at home because I have got a bad cold.不得不客观

This bike must be LinTao’s, his name is on it.一定是

Must I finish my homework now?

Yes,you must. No,you needn’t./No ,you don’t have to .不必

You mustn’t play soccer on the street.不准

5.needn’t+v原形don’t/doesn’t need to do sth

时态

名称意思结构

现在进行时现在正在发生的动作am/is/are +ving now/at this moment

I am doing my homework now. Jane is swimming at the moment.(now,listen,look,at the moment)

过去进行时过去某个时刻正在发生的动作was/were+ving at this time yesterday at nine last night I was playing soccer at this time yesterday. Kangkang was watching TV at nine last night.

一般将来时将要发生的动作will+v原形am/is/are going to+v原形tomorrow/next(week)/this/in2050/in two days

We are going to Beijing tomorrow. She will have a birthday party next Monday.

go,come,leave等词用现在进行时表示将来tomorrow/next(week)/this/in2050

We are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.

The summer holidays are coming.

一般过去时过去发生的事或动作式常有下列词提示ago,just now,last week yesterday,the day before yesterday ,2000 过去式/didn’t+ v原形was/were

I was in Beijing last year. He played soccer just now.

He didn’t play soccer just now. They were in the park two hours ago.

一般现在时经常性或习惯性的动作

当主语是第三人称单数且是肯定句时,动词要用第三人称单数形式.

第三人称单数形式的构成

(1)一般情况下在动词后加s look----looks

(2)辅音字母加y结尾的把y变ies study----studies

(3)以s,x,sh,ch,o 结尾加es guess—guesses

Maria goes to school at 7:00 every day.

Maria doesn’t go to school at 7:00 every day.

Does Maria go to school at 7:00 every day?

I often play soccer after class. They usually walk to school.

arrive in Tom will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.

arrive at Tom will arrive at Shanghang tomorrow. arrive When will Yao arrive?

get to get home/here/there Tom will get to Beijing tomorrow. reach Tom will reach Beijing tomorrow.

spend sb spend……on sth/(in)doing sth

I will spend two hours on my homework.

I will spend two hours doing my homework.

take It takes sb…..to do sth

It took me 500yuan to buy this jacket.

cost sth cost sb ….

This bike cost me 600yuan.

pay sb pay (….)for

I paid 600yuan for this bike.

---How long may I keep this book?

---You can keep it for/about three days.

---How soon will Tom arrive in Beijing?

---In two weeks.

---How often do you go swimming?

---Twice a week./Sometimes.

How many How much How far

time in time on time all the time

at the same time It’s time to do sth/It’s time for sth What’s the time?=What time is it?

once twice three times four times

never seldom sometimes=at times often usually always every..