2019版高考英语一轮复习课件：专题一-名词、代词、冠词
3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.
答案 explanations 句意:恐龙灭绝未必是由天文事故造成的,但是很难找到其他的解释。设 空处在此处作句子的主语,要用其名词形式。根据系动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。 4.(2016浙江,4)It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. 答案 electricity 句意:按时交电费很重要, 因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名 词作定语。名词作定语时,常用其单数形式,故答案为electricity。 5.(2016江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life? —Living every day to the full, definitely. 答案 happiness 句意:——你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的秘诀吗?——确切地说,就是充实 地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式,happiness作“幸福” 讲为不可数名词,故答案为happiness。
3.(2015浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 答案 it 句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关了, 你会觉得怎么样?表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that、if或when引导的从句。 4.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure. 答案 nobody 句意:会议将在9月份召开,但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的but可知 此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。 5.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the . 答案 other 句意:为了使自己暖和,那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other两者 中的另一个。
五年高考
考点一 名词
1.(2018天津,6)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 答案 possibility 句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命,这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外 太空。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语,故填名词。possibility可能,可能性,其后为that引导的 同位语从句。 2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the (assume) you've made. 答案 assumption 句意:要努力去弄明白到底正在发生什么,而不要根据自己的假设就采取 行动。根据语境和设空处前的定冠词the可知此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption 假 定;假设。
11.(2014浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 答案 it 句意:去年加利福尼亚的平均降雨量只有18.75厘米,使得这一年成为加利福尼亚自 1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。本题考查代词的用法。此处it指代前面的last year以避免重复。 12.(2014安徽,24)You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 答案 Everyone/Everybody 句意:你可以找任何人帮忙。这儿的每一个人都愿意帮助你。根 据上下文逻辑可知此处表示“每个人”,故答案为Everyone或Everybody。由于系动词为is,故 all(所有人)不符合。
11.(2014安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? —That's a good (suggest). 答案 suggestion 句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢? ——那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处前有不定冠词,故设空 处填suggestion。 12.(2014湖北,21)Her (motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 答案 motivation 句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物 主代词后需用名词形式,此外后面的系动词为was,故设空处需用名词单数形式。
考点二 代词
1.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK. 答案 that 句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查代 词。该句可改为:In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from the education system in the UK.故应用that指代画线处。 2.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools. 答案 that 句意:这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。本句需用that 替代the quality of education,以避免重复。
9.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some (think)and then let me know. 答案 thought 句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,考虑一下然后再让我知道。some后需用 名词形式,而thought作“考虑,思索”讲时为不可数名词,故答案为thought。give sth.thought考 虑某事。 10.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify)when he went to carry out the secret task. 答案 identity 句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新名 字。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式,故答案为identity。identity身份。
10.(2014福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks.
答案 others 句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。 some...,others...表示“一些……,另一些……”。
6.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.
答案 none 句意:Niki总是会有很多想法,但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查 代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不,都没。
7.(2014大纲全国,25)—Who's that at the door? — is the milkman. 答案 It 句意:——门口的那个人是谁?——是送牛奶的人。考查代词用法。it可用于指某人。 8.(2014山东,4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 答案 it 句意:苏珊清楚地向我表明,她希望自己开始一种新生活。句中that she wished to make...是真正的宾语,空格处应为形式宾语,故用it。 9.(2014重庆,1)A smile costs ,but gives much. 答案 nothing/little 句意:微笑不会损失什么,但是却能给予很多。根据题干中的but可推知 设空处应为表示否定的代词,故答案为nothing或little。
13.(2014陕西,21)I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 答案 it 句意:假如你提前让我知道你是否会来,我将不胜感激。考查代词。I'd appreciate it if...属于固定句式,表示“假如……我将不胜感激”。 14.(2014四川,1)She'd lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge. 答案 neither 句意:她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过,但是她不喜欢这两座城市,然后搬到剑桥 了。由表示转折的连词but可知该空应该表示否定意思,设空处前有两个名词(London,Manchester),故答案为neither。 15.(2014江西,32)—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? — .I'll be in all day. 答案 Either 句意:——我该在上午还是在下午打电话?——上午或下午都行。我一整天都 在。根据句意可知,答句表示在上午或下午两个时间中任意一个时间都可以,故答案为Either (两者中的任意一个)。
高中英语高考专题一 名词、代词、冠词(课件)
注意:1.fish的“数”
用法 fish作“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词
图解
fish指“鱼的条数”时,单数和复数同形,即 fish
fish指“鱼的种类”时,其复数形式是fishes
例句 I like to eat fish.我喜欢吃鱼。
There are 2 fish in the fish tank.鱼缸里有两条 鱼。
名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”
Please don't put the dog's food under the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子 下面。(特指给某一条狗的食物) Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。(指类 别,即供狗食用的食品)
criterion—criteria标准 phenomenon—phenomena现象 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 bacterium—bacteria细菌
curriculum—curricula/curriculums全部课程 analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 diagnosis—diagnoses诊断 medium—media媒体 datum—data数据
-er -or -ant
-ian -an -ity -ty -ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
-ics
表示“……的人”
beginner, carrier, employer, interviewer, receiver, reporter, winner, collector, director, inventor, operator, survivor, assistant, attendant, servant
高中英语语法讲解——名词、代词、冠词 14张PPT
self-selves life-lives theif-theives wife-wives
knif-knives loaf-loaves leaf-leaves shelf-shelves
wolf-wolves calf- calves half-halves
为了自己活命， 小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀片和一片树叶站在 架子上，把狼和小牛劈成两半。
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• 规则变化
名词
6. 合成名词变为复数时， 通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为 复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数
son-in-law ------ sons-in-law
storyteller ----- storytellers
7. “man/woman+ n.“ 变为复数时，定语的man/ woman 和中心 名词都要变复数。
( country, story)
4. 以-o结尾的名词变为复数的时候，常在词尾加-s. 但有些名词 要加-es.
( Negro-es, hero-es, tomato-es, potato-es)
黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆
Back to
school
• 规则变化
名词
5. 以-f 或者-fe 结尾的名词变为复数的时候，一般直接 加-s, 但是有些单词需要去掉-f 或者-fe, 加-ves
Back to school
人称代词
代词
人称/ 数 、格
第一人称 第二人称
第三人称பைடு நூலகம்
单数
主格
宾格
I
me
you
you
she
her
he
him
专题一 名词、代词、冠词(全国卷)
专题一名词、代词、冠词一、考纲解读二、全国卷三年真题汇编一、单句语法填空1. (2019·全国I)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __________(believe) that populations are increasing.2. (2019·全国I)Of __________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3. (2019·全国Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was __________ joke.4. (2019·全国III)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.5. (2018·全国III)My na me is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.6. (2018·全国II)This switch has decreased __________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.7. (2018·全国I)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all__________(cause).8. (2018·全国Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __________ a try.9. (2018·全国Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.10. (2018·全国Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.11. (2018·全国Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __________ top of her lungs.12. (2017·全国III)She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).13. (2017·全国III)She has turned down several __________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.14. (2017·全国II)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible__________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.15. (2017·全国II)This development was only possible with the __________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.16. (2017·全国I)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.17. (2017·全国Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __________ every day.18. (2017•全国Ⅰ)As __________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.19. (2017•全国Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over__________ top.20. (2017•全国Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as __________ model in New York.【答案】1. belief 2. the 3. a 4. competition 5. scientist 6. pollution 7. causes 8.it/running 9. them 10. the 11. the 12. education 13. invitations 14. crowds 15. introduction 16. effects 17. it 18. a 19. the 20. a【解析】1. 考查名词。
2019届高考全国卷英语一轮复习课件：语法部分 第二讲 冠 词 精品
4．(2016·高考上海卷)You can tell when you are over the top
and on the downward slope，by asking yourself a number of
questions.
5 ． (2016·高 考 浙 江 卷 )The prize for the winner of the
Campbell born in Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for 2. a new drug，which has helped 3. the battle against river blindness，as well as showing powerful effect against other diseases.
5．(2016·高考浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
答案：Every time he arrived home at
∧ the
end of at the door.
6．I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
答案：I was always interested to see the drivers in
∧ a
hurry in
the morning.
7．There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.
高中英语语法讲解——名词、代词、冠词 14张ppt
• 不规则变化
名词
• 单复数同形的名词
sheep, deer, spacecraft, aircraft, Chinese
Japanese, Swiss, means, crossroads, headquarters, series, species, works, head (量词)
外来名词的复数形式 criterion ----- criteria 标准 curriculum ---- curricula/ curriculums 课程 phenomenon --- phenomena 现象 analysis ---- analyses 分析
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不定代词
代词
一个/一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些
单数
one
another
the other
复数
some
others
the others
1. the other Vs. the rest of
2. One, the other Vs. Some, the others 3. 他在这里还要待上三天。
名词 代词 冠词
名词
• 规则变化 1. 一般情况下， 词尾直接加-s
(books, caps, trees, bananas) 2. 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，结尾加-es
(buses, boxes, watches, brushes) 3. 以辅音字母加-y 结尾的名词， 把-y 变-i , 再加-es
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人称代词
代词
人称/ 数 、格
第一人称 第二人称
第三人称
单数
主格
2019届(人教版)高考英语一轮语法专题十二《冠词》ppt课件
2019版《大高考》高考英语一轮总复习(课件)：专题1 名词和冠词
高考AB卷
学法大视野
3.双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词-’s”或“名词＋of＋ 名词性物主代词”，主要用法如下：
用法
例句
表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”， another house of John’s
可用a, any, some, a few, two等修饰of 约翰的另一所房子
children’s game孩子们的游戏 Women’s Day妇女节
高考AB卷
学法大视野
2.of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词，通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名 词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 ·the name of the street街道的名字 ·the title of the article文章的标题
knife刀子→knives
wolf狼→wolves
calf牛犊→calves
housewife家庭主妇→housewives
(5)词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es。
piano钢琴→pianos
photo相片→photos
zoo动物园→zoos
bamboo竹子→bamboos
tomato番茄→tomatoes
高考AB卷
学法大视野
不规则变化 男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee； 老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic； 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
高考AB卷
学法大视野
3.Unfortunately, a great many________(deer) have been killed in the past decade.
potato土豆→potatoes
高考AB卷
学法大视野
新高考英语一轮复习专题四冠词、名词、代词课件
用于姓氏复数形式前,表示一 The Greens are watching TV now.
家人或夫妇俩
格林一家现在正在看电视。
用于表示西方乐器的名词前 The boy can play the piano very well.这个小男孩钢琴弹得很好。
We are of an age.我们同岁。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。
In order to shape myself, I attend a yoga class twice a week. 用于表示时间、速度、价格
为了塑形,我每周上两次瑜伽课。 等的单位名词前，表示“每
用于年代、朝代以及逢十 in the 1870s在19世纪70年代 的数词复数形式前 the Tang Dynasty唐朝
in his fifties在他50多岁时 the Stone Age石器时代
2.定冠词the (1)常见用法
用法
示例
用于“by+the+计量单 Part-time jobs are usually paid by the hour.兼职工作通常按小时付工资。
性物主代词代替the)
pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩 strike sb. in the face打某人的脸 pull sb. by the hand拉某人的手
2.定冠词the (2)含定冠词的常考短语
all over the world全世界
all the best一切顺利
饰的名词前
This is the only path through the forest.这是穿过森林的唯一小路。
高考英语一轮复习专题1名词与冠词PPT课件
冠 词 一、不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式，常位于名词或名词的修饰语 前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时，用
The police are questioning everyone in the house.警察正在盘
问房子里的每一个人。
3 ．专有名词一般没有复数形式，除非专有名词本身带有 复数词缀。但专有名词有时可普通化、具体化 Ford一辆福特车
赶着牛(cattle)。
2 ．一般而言，集合名词若表示一个整体，作单数用；若 表示集体的各个成员，作复数用。 audience 观 众 ， class 班 级 ， family 家 庭 ， group 小 组 ， committee委员会
【记忆口诀】船员(crew)、夫妻(couple)当观众(audience)，
二、可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例
特别提醒：1.有些可数名词虽是单数形式，但表示复数意 义。此类名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 【 记 忆 口 诀 】 警 察 (police) 和 人 们 (people) 穿 着 衣 裤 (clothes，trousers) ，戴着眼镜(glasses)，拿着剪刀(scissors) ，追
an ugly man一个丑陋的人
2．具体用法
二、定冠词的用法
三、零冠词的用法
三、不可数名词
特别提醒：1.有些单词和短语常使用复数形式 (1)表示由两个相连的类似部分组成的事物的名词只用复数 形式，如：jeans，headphones，pants，scissors，compasses。这 些名词可单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；也可以用 a pair