30天词汇二期班—高频词汇精讲讲义(水印)(编号)

寒假30天词汇特训营——高频词汇精讲小林老师微博：@英语小林老师1.Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child ata critical period of life can be starved and damaged? (1993)重点词汇：①Critical：②Period：词义辨析：Critic:Criticize:Criticism:Critique :同义词总结：important, significant,crucial，essential2.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. (1993)重点词汇：①Insensitive:词义辨析：sensesensitivesensiblesensationalsentimentalTheir sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.（2000年）②Program：③rapid:同义词总结：prompt swift speedy3.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. (1993)重点词汇：①Capacity:同义词总结：CapableCapabilityAbleAbilityfaculty4.In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.(1993)重点词汇：①Enterprise：同义词总结：company , firm, business, cooperation, group②Oil:词汇深度拓展：firm（1）It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.(2)Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.5.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life.(1993)重点词汇：①Acquire：词汇拓展：acquiredacquisitionacquisitive词义辨析：RequireInquireEnquire真题拓展：(1)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly,systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003翻译))(2)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。

（1999年翻译）6.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates重点词汇：①Subordinates：词根拓展：Sub- ---下，次subsequent（后面的）subtitle（副标题）substitutesubwaysubconscioussubmergesubmitsuburbsubscribe7.There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.(1998)重点词汇：①Disjunction :词义辨析：junctionconjunction词根拓展：Dis -----Dis integratedisadvantagediscriminationDisorganizeddishonordisappearDischargediscountdiscourage②Mass:词汇拓展：massivebio-mass③Leap:8.They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well.(1994)重点词汇：①Automatic：②Available：availability9.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.（1994）重点词汇：①Efficient：词义辨析：Effect：Affect：Effective10.In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. .(1994)重点词汇：①modify:②Adapt：词义辨析：adopt,adept③Exceptional：④Profit：⑤Substantial:11.These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.(2003）41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession词根拓展：Re----- 再recurring（再现的）react（反应）reactionrecall（回忆）recoverrecyclereformrefreshrepayrenewreplacereserverestorerewritereviveremedy12.He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. .(1994)重点词汇：①Antibacterial:词根拓展：Anti----anti-waranti-bacteriaanti-happyanti-socialanti-intellectualismanti-smokinganti-competitiveanti-consumerism真题延伸：As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, amathematician at Rutgers University;(1998)13.The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.(1995)重点词汇：①Alternate：②Course：③Be bound to do：真题延展：His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.（2006翻译)词汇深度拓展：bound1. 界线(boundary 边界）n.2. be bound for 前往3. be bound to 注定（1）Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface.[1998年Text 5]（2）He got up late so that he missed the plane bound for Britain.（3）The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because _______ .[B] some students are bound to fail[1995年Text 4]14.He might fool some people for a little while through misleadingadvertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.(1995)重点词汇：①Misleading:②Merciful：③Inferior：词根拓展：Mis ----Mis information（错误信息）misplace（误放）misfortunes（不幸）Misunderstandmisleadmisuse15.People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured.(1995)重点词汇：①External：②Identify：③Measure：词根拓展：Ex---- 向外exchange（交换）exclaim（呼喊）exclude（排除）expressextractexport16.Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. (1995)重点词汇：①Indecisive②Timid③Cause④Ground真题延展：To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.词汇深度拓展：ground【真题例句】(1)But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaints than America. [2014年text2](2)Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.17.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.(1995)重点词汇：①Specific：②Complicated：③Overwhelming:词根拓展：Over----过度，太；外overestimateoverstatement（夸张）overcharged（要价过高）over-fundingoverflowovercoatoverworkoversleepoverexcited18.Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. (1995)重点词汇：①Telecommunications:②Bombard:③Multitudes词根拓展：Tele---- 远Telegramtelephonetelescopetelevisiontelecommunicationmulti---- 多multiplemultiply（乘，繁殖）multi-national(s)19.In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.(1995) 20.Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. (1995)重点词汇：①Interpret:21.With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s newscoverage, as well as listen to it.(1996)重点词汇：①Coverage:词汇拓展：cover:22.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC -- including ordinary listeners and viewers -- to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.(1996)重点词汇：①Launch:同义词延伸：Cause, give rise to, initiate23.In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labor” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern times. (1996)重点词汇：①Enlarge②perfect词根拓展：en-----, em 使成为enable encourage enforce Enlarge entitleempowerensureenactencloseencounterengageenhanceenlighten embarrass enrollembark enlist24.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business .(1996)重点词汇：①Impersonal②Manipulation: manipulate③Shareholders④Irresponsible⑤Detached词根延展：Ir----Ir responsible（不负责任的）irrelevant（不相关的）irrational（不合理的）Irreparableirreplaceableirresistible25.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but thisratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. （2000）重点词汇：①mortality:同义词辨析：Mortal：Moral：26.What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America -- breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine? (1996)重点词汇：①accounts for：词汇深度拓展：account【真题例句】(1)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? [2006年翻译](2)They argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. [2006年Text3](3)What might account for this strange phenomenon? [2007年Text1](4)As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. [2003年Text3](5)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works. [2014年翻译]27.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.（2000）重点词汇：①Emphasis②tends to③Stress....over....词汇深度拓展：stressWe must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.[2000年阅读3]28.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. (1996)重点词汇：①Given：②Nonverbal③Mechanical词根拓展：Non ----nonstandardnonsmokernonsense29.Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened.(1996) 重点词汇：①Consistent②Unified③Constantly④Improving词根拓展：-ics/-ology 学科psychology（心理学）technology（技术）ideology（思想体系）anthropologygeologyphysicsUni---- 相同uniformunisex30.The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.(1997)重点词汇：①Terminal:terminate真题延伸：The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. (1997)②Physician:同义词辨析：physicist③Implication:词根拓展：-ist人，主义者scientistlinguist（语言学家）therapist（治疗家）controversialist（好争论者）activist（活动家）novelist（小说家）physicistpsychologisttouristgeneticist31.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. (1997)重点词汇：①Casual:词汇拓展：casualty②superficial③Artificial真题延伸：For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.（2000）32.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. (1997)重点词汇：①Assumption：②Convention：③Underlie：④interrelationships词根拓展：Under----在…下，次underlie（是基础）underlying（内在的）underestimate（低估）underfundingundergounderstatementundermannedundergroundundergraduateinter----相互interact（互动）interactiveinteractionintermarriage（联姻）interviewinternetinternationalinterrelations33. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.重点词汇：①modest②seek③elevated词义辨析：ElevateElevator：Elevating :④capture真题延伸：Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous②Distribution③Labeling④Objectionable:词汇拓展：objectobjective36.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.(1998)重点词汇：①Establish：the38.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that re-engineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipmentand machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.(1998)重点词汇：①Downsizing:②Investment:①Apply:②Fashion:③chop out:同义词拓展：cut, lower④Sufficient:同义词拓展：insufficientadequateinadequatedeficient:thesenewthethoseof radical educational reform.(1999)重点词汇：①on the behalf of:②Prospect:③Radical:④Reform:43.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandrytechnique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.(1999)重点词汇：①Husbandry②Technique③Federal④Fund⑤propose⑥Panel⑦recommendation⑧cloning单词深度拓展：panel【真题例句】(1)They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.[2002年阅读2](1)The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.[1999年阅读4]44.NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.(1999)重点词汇：①Indicate②appeal to③clinic词汇深度拓展：appeal(1)Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appe al of other companies’ marketing. [2011年Text 3](2)NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.[1999年Text 4](3)Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief.[2003年Text 3]45.A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. （2000）重点词汇：①dreadful②Handicap③force重点词汇：①conduct真题拓展：Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure”him to “engage in conduct against his will.”[2006年新题型]48.Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.重点词汇：①Odd：真题拓展：(1)Even demographics are working against the middle class family, asthe odds of having a weak elderly parent have jumped eightfold in just one generation.(2007)(2)This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be moreout of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”(2013)49.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.[1995年阅读4]重点词汇：①Academic：真题拓展：(1)Mr. McWhorter’s academic sp eciality is language history and change,寒假30天词汇特训营—高频词汇精讲31and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005年阅读4](2)Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering” has been crude.[1998年阅读2]50.According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻译]重点词汇：① Horizon ：真题拓展：(1)For many of us, the “cashless society” is not on the horizon — it’s already here.[1994年阅读2]。