《英语句子成分及基本结构》PPT课件
合集下载
英语句子成分及五种基本句型解析ppt课件
篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛 时间里 得分多 少来决 定胜负 的，因 此，篮 球比赛 的计时 计分系 统是一 种得分 类型的 系统
基本句型1：主+谓
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、 状语从句等。
•The sun was shining.
介词短语
My job is to teach English.
不定式
Seeing is believing.
动名词
篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛 时间里 得分多 少来决 定胜负 的，因 此，篮 球比赛 的计时 计分系 统是一 种得分 类型的 系统
基本句型2：主有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的 意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
太阳在照耀着。
2. Who cares?
管它呢？
3. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛 时间里 得分多 少来决 定胜负 的，因 此，篮 球比赛 的计时 计分系 统是一 种得分 类型的 系统
什么可以作谓语？
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
英语句子成分和结构.ppt
4. He noticed a man enter the room. (主谓宾+宾补)
5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
20
Many thanks!
21
22
23
24
★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
7
六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
20
Many thanks!
21
22
23
24
★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
7
六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
英语句子成分及基本句型ppt课件
宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
I think 2024/2/20 that he is good boy.
7
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
2024/2/20
3
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句 中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词， 不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位 置一般在句首．
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
2024/2/20
1
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
He did it carefully.
英语句子成分讲解超级详细ppt课件
这个计划证明是可行的。 _T_h_e_p_l_an__tu_r_n_ed__o_u_t/_pr_o_v_e_d_（_t_o_b_e_)_p_r_a_c_tic_a_l_. ________.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know whae should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know whae should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
英语句子结构分析1.句子成分ppt课件
❖ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常 帮我做功课) /
❖ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步 说明它的情况。
❖ 如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数 词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从
pronunciation. ❖ ④ How many new words did you learn last
class? ❖ ⑤ Some of the students in the school want
to go swimming.
❖
his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
可编辑课件
9
谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行 为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的 后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
《英语句子成分及基本结构》课件
接在及物动词后面，表示动作的承接者或受 事者。
4 定语
修饰名词或代词，限定或说明它的性质、状 态或特点。
5 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示 地点、时间、方式、原因等。
6 补语
在句子中用来补充、说明、限定主语、谓语 或宾语的成分。
句子成分的分类
主要成分
主语、谓语、宾语
构成句子的核心部分，表达句 子的基本意思。
修饰成分
定语、状语
对主要成分进行修饰，增添句 子的细节和描述。
补充成分
补语
在句子中补充、说明、限定其 他成分的信息。
主语与谓语的关系
1
一致关系
主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
2
灵活关系
谓语动词可根据句子需要变化，而主语则可根据上下文灵活选择。
3
隐含关系
有些主语在句子中省略了，但谓语依然需要根据隐含的主语进行变化。
位于系动词后面，与主语 在意义上保持一致。
2 宾语补语
3 主语补语
位于及物动词后面，对宾 语进行补充、说明、限定。
位于系动词后面，对主语 进行补充、说明、限定。
《英语句子成分及基本结 构》PPT课件
在这个PPT课件中，我们将学习英语句子成分的定义和分类，以及主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语和补语与谓语的关系。让我们一起探索英语句子的基本结 构吧！
句子成分的定义
1 主语
句子中具有核心意义的人或事物。
2 谓语
表示主语所做的动作、状态、或存在的词或 词组。
3 宾语
关系词定语
以关系词引导的从句，修饰名词 或代词并表示其特定的身份、状 态或特征。
状语与谓语的关系
1
地点状语
2
4 定语
修饰名词或代词，限定或说明它的性质、状 态或特点。
5 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示 地点、时间、方式、原因等。
6 补语
在句子中用来补充、说明、限定主语、谓语 或宾语的成分。
句子成分的分类
主要成分
主语、谓语、宾语
构成句子的核心部分，表达句 子的基本意思。
修饰成分
定语、状语
对主要成分进行修饰，增添句 子的细节和描述。
补充成分
补语
在句子中补充、说明、限定其 他成分的信息。
主语与谓语的关系
1
一致关系
主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
2
灵活关系
谓语动词可根据句子需要变化，而主语则可根据上下文灵活选择。
3
隐含关系
有些主语在句子中省略了，但谓语依然需要根据隐含的主语进行变化。
位于系动词后面，与主语 在意义上保持一致。
2 宾语补语
3 主语补语
位于及物动词后面，对宾 语进行补充、说明、限定。
位于系动词后面，对主语 进行补充、说明、限定。
《英语句子成分及基本结 构》PPT课件
在这个PPT课件中，我们将学习英语句子成分的定义和分类，以及主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语和补语与谓语的关系。让我们一起探索英语句子的基本结 构吧！
句子成分的定义
1 主语
句子中具有核心意义的人或事物。
2 谓语
表示主语所做的动作、状态、或存在的词或 词组。
3 宾语
关系词定语
以关系词引导的从句，修饰名词 或代词并表示其特定的身份、状 态或特征。
状语与谓语的关系
1
地点状语
2
英语句子成分分析分析解析(课堂PPT)(2024版)
6. I prefer my coffee hot.
7. Don’t worry about me; just take care of yourself.
8. You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.
与全句没有什 么语法关系， 有感叹词、肯 定与否定的答 语、插入语、 呼语等
常用词 例句 类
名词、 I find the book very boring. 形容词, 分词, 不定式 介词短 语等
名词、 This is Mr. Li, our 数词、 headmaster. 代词或 The news that he is ill 从句 worries us.
2024/11/13
14
主动语态变成被动语态后, 宾语补足语变成主补.
I last saw him playing near the river. →He was seen playing near the river. The teacher caught the student cheating →in the exam.
machine off. ● She wondered why Jim was so angry
with her.
2024/11/13
13
㈤宾语补足语
We must keep it a secret.
I found the book interesting.
Please keep the dog out.
The student was caught cheating in the exam.
We elected him monitor. →He was elected monitor.
中考英语句子成分和简单句五大基本结构课件
Part
状语（Adverbial）
two
句 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，
子 表示方式，程度或者说者的语气，通常由
成 分
副词或与其相当的结构担任。
Part two
句 子 成 分
状语（Adverbial）
1. Tom runs quickly. 2. Tom did it carefully. 3. Tom is very tall. 4. Luckily, I past the exam.
Part three
基 本 句 型
2：主+谓（SV）
1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. We all eat, and drink. 4. Everybody laughed. 5. They talked for half an hour.
Part three
Part
定语（Attribute）
two
句 定语修饰名词，表示其性质和特征，通常 子 由形容词或与其相当的结构担任。 成 分
Part two
句 子 成 分
定语（Attribute）
1. She is a beautiful city. 2. My beef noodles is here. 3. The boy with glasses is my brother. 4. I have something to say.
状语
1. 用来修饰动词、形容词和副 词等的，表示事情发生的时 间、地点、原因、结果、程 度等等
2. 修饰动词时，位置在该动词 前后均可；修饰形容词或副 词，要放在它们之前
★ He runs quickly. 他跑地很快。 ★ She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 ★ I will go there tomorrow.
英语句子成分与结构PPT课件
We students should study hard.
Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.
We must face the fact that there are a lot of difficulties and troubles on the way to success.
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must cw about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动 名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词 短语）
He is reading a book that he has never read.（定语从句）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语 ）
因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语
Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.
We must face the fact that there are a lot of difficulties and troubles on the way to success.
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must cw about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动 名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词 短语）
He is reading a book that he has never read.（定语从句）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语 ）
因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）
和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
简单句的五种基本句型
1主语+不及物动词：( S V) We work. She came． My head aches. The bell rang.
He is a student • His face turned red • The apple tastes sweet • The soldier keeps still.
3主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）
• e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
• • Mike ate three cakes she drew a beautiful picture.
独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句 子独立成分 感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：mum, dad。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状 语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的 主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、 疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句 中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后 面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、 动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表 示。
1 During the 1990s, American country music has
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表
简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成 分表示：
定语(attributive)
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country. （分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式 短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
语从句）
宾语(object)
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词 化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
Our teacher of English is an American.
（名词）
Is it yours? （代词） The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （分词） Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
become more and more popular.
（名词）
2 We often speak English in class.
（代词）
3 One-third of the students in this class are girls.
（数词）
4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
英语句子成分及基本结构
（一）句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有 主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语（subject）和谓语 （predicate）； 次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定 语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语 (complement)和同位语(appositive)。
谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的
构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成。如：You may keep the book for
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的 状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
宾语补足语(complement of object)
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语 以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子 的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型 为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾 补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不 定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
• His father named him Dongming.（名词）
（不定式）
5 Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）
6 The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词） 7 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） 8 It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾 语+直接宾语）(SVIOO)(SVOiO)
• e.g. My father bought me a car.
------My father bought a car for me
• He gave me three yuan. • ------He gave three yuan to me
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）
和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
简单句的五种基本句型
1主语+不及物动词：( S V) We work. She came． My head aches. The bell rang.
He is a student • His face turned red • The apple tastes sweet • The soldier keeps still.
3主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）
• e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
• • Mike ate three cakes she drew a beautiful picture.
独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句 子独立成分 感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：mum, dad。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状 语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的 主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、 疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句 中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后 面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、 动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表 示。
1 During the 1990s, American country music has
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表
简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成 分表示：
定语(attributive)
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country. （分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式 短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
语从句）
宾语(object)
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词 化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
Our teacher of English is an American.
（名词）
Is it yours? （代词） The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （分词） Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
become more and more popular.
（名词）
2 We often speak English in class.
（代词）
3 One-third of the students in this class are girls.
（数词）
4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
英语句子成分及基本结构
（一）句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有 主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语（subject）和谓语 （predicate）； 次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定 语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语 (complement)和同位语(appositive)。
谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的
构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成。如：You may keep the book for
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的 状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
宾语补足语(complement of object)
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语 以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子 的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型 为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾 补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不 定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
• His father named him Dongming.（名词）
（不定式）
5 Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）
6 The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词） 7 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） 8 It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾 语+直接宾语）(SVIOO)(SVOiO)
• e.g. My father bought me a car.
------My father bought a car for me
• He gave me three yuan. • ------He gave three yuan to me