翻译网站unit11

Unit 11Adverbial ClausesHighlights of the Unit 单元要点概述Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练I. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译II. Translation of Adverbial Clauses in Chinese 汉语状语从句的翻译Reflections and Practice 思考与练习BACK单元要点概述实用翻译训练英译汉：Why Measure Life in Heartbeats实用翻译训练汉译英：艾滋病I. 英语状语从句的翻译1. 时间状语从句2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 条件状语从句5. 让步状语从句6. 目的状语从句II. 汉语状语从句的翻译1. 分清主次关系2. 使用无灵主语本单元就英语状语从句的翻译问题做了归纳，并对汉语状语的翻译做了简介。

英语状语从句根据功能的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的等状语从句，在英汉翻译时一般比较容易处理，不会构成翻译的主要障碍，关键在于怎样将其放入恰当的位置，怎样处理好句与句之间的连接关系。

本单元举例说明了各种英语状语从句的翻译方法：1. 时间状语从句，除了按常规的主从关系翻译之外，亦可译作汉语的并列结构或条件句；2. 地点状语从句有时可译作汉语的条件句；3. 原因状语从句可视情况译作汉语主句；4. 条件状语从句可译作汉语的假设句或补语从句；5. 让步状语从句可译作汉语的“不管”、“无论”之类的无条件句；6. 目的状语从句可根据不同的语气或放在句首，或放在句末。

汉语状语的翻译的关键在于两点：一是分清主次关系；二是学会使用无灵主语。

因为汉语句与句之间往往没有明显的连接词语，句式衔接通过“意合”的机制来实现，讲究“不言而喻”，需要我们潜心把握。

汉语不像英语那样大量地使用无灵名词充当役使主语。

汉译英学会使用英语的这种造句法有助于简化译文的结构，将汉语的某些复合结构翻译成英语简单句。

Practical Translation Training1. English-Chinese TranslationWhy Measure Life in HeartbeatsWhen I became aware of my imminent mortality, my attitudes changed. There was real meaning to the words, "This is the first day of the rest of your life. " There was a heightened awareness of each sunny day, the beauty of flowers, and the song of a bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily, of swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a complete and peaceful night's sleep?After I became ill, I embarked upon many things I had been putting off before. I read the books I had set aside for retirement and wrote one myself, entitled The Art of Surgery. My wife Madeleine and I took more, holidays. We played tennis regularly and curled avidly; we took the boys fishing. When I review these past few years, it seems in many ways that I have lived a lifetime since I acquired cancer. On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too, had been a patient there. It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis. It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think. Why measure life in heartbeats? When life is dependent on such unreliable function as the beating of the heart，then it is fragile indeed. The only thin one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.Notes and Explanations1. imminent mortality 即将来临的死亡，大限2. a heightened awareness 提高（加强）了的意识3. reflect on v.仔细考虑；注意此句中the joy 后面的四个of之间的并列关系的译法4. embark on（upon）着手，从事5. curl v.（苏格兰的）玩冰上溜石游戏（在冰上滑送圆形石板curling stone的游戏）6. Bahamas n. 巴哈马群岛〔拉丁美洲〕7. minuscule a. 小写的，微小的，微不足道的8. empathy n. 同情，同感9. the Intensive Care Unit 特别护理室10. that diagnosis 此处指“确诊为癌症”；注意此句it作形式主语的逆序翻译法11. laryngectomy n.〔医〕喉头切除术；注意此句语序，状语的位置，形式主语It作翻译法2. Chinese-English Translation艾滋病世界各地有3600万人感染上了艾滋病—比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。

目前，艾滋病是全球第四大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。

在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。

有7个非洲国家15至49岁的人口中感染上艾滋病病毒的占20%以上：南非为20%，博茨瓦纳为36%。

赞比亚培训教师的速度，赶不上教师患艾滋病而死亡的速度。

据估计，非洲在10年之内将有4000万艾滋病孤儿。

亚洲受艾滋病的影响相对较小。

只有柬埔寨·泰国和缅甸的艾滋病病毒感染率超过1%。

但这种流行病就像台风一样，总是在人们想不到的海岸积聚力量。

印度的艾滋病病毒感染率虽然“仅有”0.70%，但按这个比例也有370万人。

到2005年，估计中国携带艾滋病病毒的人将达到500万一600万。

Notes and Explanations1. 感染上艾滋病suffering from/be infected with/come down with AIDS2. 头号罪魁the chief culprit3. 艾滋病病毒HIV（human immunodeficiency virus 即人体免疫缺损病毒）4. 博茨瓦纳、赞比亚Botswana，Zambia5. 赶不上not fast enough to replace6. 影响相对较小comparatively untouched/less affected7. 柬埔寨、泰国和缅甸Cambodia，Thailand and Burma8. 感染率infection rate9. 流行病pandemic/epidemic disease10. 在人们想不到的海岸积聚力量gather strength off an unsuspected coast11. 携带艾滋病病毒的人HIV-positives（注意英语的简略表达法）I. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese TranslationEnglish adverbial clauses include adverbials of time, place, cause, condition, concession, purpose, result, and so on. Generally speaking, these adverbial clauses do not pose any obstacles to either comprehending or translating, and the crux is how to make the translation conform to Chinese usage, namely, how to arrange them properly. Another point for attention is how to deal with the redundant conjunctivas when English adverbial clauses are translated into Chinese. And here are some instances from the above Practical Translation Training:● When I review these past few years, it seems in many ways that I that I have lived a lifetime since I acquired cancer. ( adverbial clause of time) 回顾我得癌症后这几年，从许多方面来看，我似乎已经活了一辈子。