中考英语被动语态复习

第七讲被动语态
一、语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。

二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为系动词的变化完全一样。

三、八种常用时态的被动语态举例：英语主动语态的时态共有十种，而被动语态只有八种。

1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词
eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.
2一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词
eg. The machines were made in China.
3.一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be+过去分词
eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.
4.过去将来时：would/shall+be+ 过去分词
5.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词
eg. The work has been done by them
6.过去完成时：had + been +过去分词
7.过去实行时：was/ were being + 过去分词
eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.
8.现在实行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。

eg. A new school is being built in our village.
四主动语态转换不被动语态的步骤：
1，把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语
2，把动词改为被动语态形式即“be+过去分词“。

3，主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后
4，其它成分不变
We plant trees every year. → Trees are planted every year by us.
五、情态动词的被动语态：情+be+过去分词
1)主动句：I have to do the job myself.
被动句：The job has to be done by myself.
2)主动句：All of us ought to obey the rule.
被动句：The rule ought to be obeyed.(by all of us)
六.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语能够是直接宾语，也能够是间接宾语。

①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。

例如：She lent me a bike.
被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
七、被动语态的用法
1．当不知道谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。

例如：
His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被热偷走了。

2.在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。

例如：
China was librated in 1949. 中国是一九四九年解放的。

3.强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。

例如：
The plan has already been made. 计划已经制订好了。

八、使用被动语态应注意的事项
1. 及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。

例如：Children sleep soundly. 小孩睡得香。

2.某些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思,不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质
和状态。

常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。

例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。

These books sell well.这些书好卖。

The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

3.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。

eg. The boss made the workers work 12 hours.
→The workers were made to work 12 hours
4.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能
将这些介词、副词遗漏。

eg. We must take care of the baby.
→The baby must be taken care of.
练习题
1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2. The children will sing an English song.
3. You needn't do it now
4.He made me do that for him
5. They are watching the football match
6.They have done the work.
7.I have to do the job
8.We clean the classroom everyday
9.I had finished the task by the end of last month.
10. Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
The Mid-Autumn Festival
The Mid-Autumn is a very important Chinese festival. It falls on the 15th day of August. A few days before the festival, everyone in the family will help to make the
house clean and beautiful. Lanterns will be hung in front of the house.
On the evening there will be a big family dinner. People who work far away from their homes will try to come back for the union. After dinner, people will enjoy the moonlight. Children will play with their own toy lanterns happily.
At night the moon is usually round and bright. People can enjoy the moon while eating moon-cakes which are the special food for this festival. They can look back on the past and look forward to the future together. It is said that there was a dragon in the sky. The dragon wanted to swallow up the moon. To protect the frighten the dragon away.。