自考《中国古代文学史(一)》第二编第二章笔记
自考《中国古代文学史（一）》第二编第二章笔记
从司马迁的出身、经历、思想心态来看，他写作《史记》有内外不同的动因。
?第二章司马迁与汉代史传散文
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?第一节司马迁及其《史记》写作
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?综合运用：
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?①司马迁的生平和创作心态。
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?一、司马迁，字子长。司马氏曾长期担任史官。至西汉，他的父亲司马谈重为太史。司马谈学术思想的博通兼容而倾向道家，其撰着史书的夙愿，对司马迁产生了重大的影响。
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?二、史官世家的出身，对司马迁的一生影响甚巨。一方面，家族浓厚的文化气氛，使他从小就得到了优良的文化熏染。另一方面，“司马氏世典周史”的
自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(6)
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（6） Unit3（第7讲—第10讲） 4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. 这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。请看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.（我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1）My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.（我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。） 2）One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.（太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。） 3）问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。（The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.） 4）看起来天要下雨。（It looks that it is going to rain.） 请注意辨析another 和other： another由an＋other构成，只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another＋单数名词表示不定的“另一个”，the other＋单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。 请看下面的例句： 1）This idea is not very practical，will you think of another one？（这个主意不太实际，你能另想一个吗？） 2）This book is too difficult. Show me another one.（这本书太难了，给我看另外一本。） 3）Of the three books in my bag，two are published in China，the other is published in the United States.（我包里的三本书中，两本是中国出版的，另一本是美国出版的。） 4）Tom is here，but where are the other boys？（汤姆在这儿，其他的男孩在哪儿呢？） 5）I like this coat better than the other one.（两件上衣中，我更喜欢这一件。） 6）This camera is more expensive than the other one.（这架照相机比另一架贵。） boiling hot意思是“滚热的，酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词，表示热的程度，修饰hot. 5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. 此句中，that引导的名词性从句作形容词的补足语。例如： 1）I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.（我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。）
自考英语二复习资料汇总总结
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
自考英语二重点语法知识讲解
重点语法知识讲解 1．动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动被动 have been doing 1．1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
自考英语笔记2
Unit 2 Text A Taxes，Taxes，and More Taxes 搭配： 1. be sure of 确保、一定、毫无疑问/形容词词组 2. have a corner in/on sth. 垄断/动词词组 e.g. have a corner on the textile market 垄断纺织市场 have a corner in textile 对纺织品进行垄断 3. lead the world with sth. 以什么来引领世界/动词词组 4. vary in sth. 有差异 e.g. vary in ideas 想法有差异 vary sth. 改变 e.g. vary your attitude 改变你的观点 vary with 随什么而改变 vary from sth./sb. to sth./sb. 什么什么各不相同 e.g. vary from person to person 人人不同vary from place to place每个地方各不相同 5. sth. is due. 到了该什么的时间了。e.g. The federal taxes are due. 到了该收税款的时间了 6. be similar to 与什么一样/形容词词组 7. buy sth. for +多少钱/动词词组 e.g. buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. 8. in addition to sth./doing sth.除了（表示加的概念）/名词词组 e.g. In addition to teaching，she is in charge of managing the whole school. In addition to his flat in Chaoyang，he has anther flat in Haidian. 9. in two forms 以两种形式 10. charge on sth. 收取什么的费用 e.g. charge on cars in a city.收取城内汽车的费用。 be charged with被控诉有某种罪行；be charged by sb. 由某人收取费用 charge for 收取多少价钱e.g. How much do you charge for this car？这辆车你要多少钱？ in charge 负责 e.g. Who is in charge here？谁在这负责？
自考本科英语二复习资料
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
2011自考英语二考试重点及试题
2011自考英语二考试重点：Unit 06 历年考试重点及试题 自考英语二复习重点自考英语二自考英语复习资料【字体：小大】 自考英语二考试重点：Unit 06 历年考试重点及试题 1. Most today’s robots are employed in the automotive industry, _____they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting . (99.4) A. as B. which C. when D. where 答案：D. 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry。 2. Robots differ from automatic machines in_____after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed to be another one. (00.4) A. which B. that C. how D. whether 答案：B. 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。 3. Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning_____(see) in other industries as well. (00.4) (01.10) 答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do sth. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。 4. Anyone______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (00.10)（01.4） 答案：wanting 考点：动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone。
自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(2)
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（2） Unit1 4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice，and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. 注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，阅读课本第六页注解2. 请翻译下面的词组： 1）十个学生 ten students 数十个学生 tens of students 2）五百年 five hundred years 数百年hundreds of years 3）两千年 two thousand years 数千年 thousands of years 4）三百万美元 three m illion dollars 数百万美元m illions of dollars 5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. 句中be different from意为“与…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.（我的 观点与你的观点不同。） 请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组： Man is different from all the other anim als in his ability to learn and use a language. Man differs from all the other anim als in his ability to learn and use a language. The greatest difference between m an and all the other anim als is his ability to learn and use a language. 从上面的句子中可以看出differ是动词，different 是形容词，difference是名词。 6. … find it difficul t to succeed in language learning. … find it difficul t to succeed in other fields. 句中的i t是形式宾语（form al object），真正的宾语（real object）是不定式to succeed in language learning，此类用法在英语中很常见，请注意掌握。如：At first I found it diffi cult to rem em ber all these new words.（开始我感到记住这些单词很难。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1）外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。 （The noise outside m ade it diffic ult for m e to go on with m y work.）
自考英语二汉译英重点复习资料
自考《英语二》汉译英重点复习资料自学考试备考工作正在火热进行中，考生们英语二科目复习得怎么样呢?以下是小编搜索整理的关于自考《英语二》汉译英重点复习资料，供参考复习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们()! 1、他由朋友陪同去听音乐会。 He was accompanied to the concert by his friend. 2、他已说服她改变决定。 He has argued her out of the decision. 3、在某种程度上，他的成功是由于幸运。 In part， his success is due to good luck. 由于is because / is brought about by 4、按照他的建议，手续已经大大简化。 According to his suggestion， the procedures have been greatly simplified. 5、电台预报明天天气会变冷。 The radio station predicts that it will be cold tomorrow. Broadcasting 6、黑洞产生很强的引力。 Black holes exert a strong gravitation pull. Gravity 7、由于管理不善，他的公司垮台了。
Because of bad management， his company collapsed. 8、80年代我国发射了多颗卫星。 Our country launched several satellites in the 1980s. (主动) Our country launched several satellites in the 1980s. (主动) Several satellites were launched in our country in the 1980s.(被动) 9、药物开始见效了吗? Has the medicine begun to operate? 10、如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 If we understand black holes， they will not be terrible. 11、他的身影消失在黑暗中。 His figure was swallowed up in the dark. By darkness 12、安乐死的确能解除临终病的痛苦。 Euthanasia does end the suffering of dying patients. 13、你知不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许施行安乐死的国家。 Do you know (that) the Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia? 14、支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。 Doctors for this view don‘t mean that they care
自考英语二复习资料
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ! ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action 意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made 是过去分词；from among — 为二重介词 ? 例：We ’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest 表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思， 后面用虚拟语气。 ? 例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at some other time. 、 ? 3. … decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. ? 解析：as well as 意思是既…又… ? 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all. ? 解析：助动词do 在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是确实。 ? 5. … but do not let it worry you too much. ? 解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe 等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to 的 不定式结构。 ? 6. There is little likelihood that … ！ ? 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of ? 例：The two sisters are ___ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) ? A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) ? ? UNIT2 ? 重点单词和短语 : ? exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about) plateau ? in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? 例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ___ kind. (06-4) — ? A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all (A) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable… ? 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。 (05-4-68) ? 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. ? 例1：It is on Friday ___ we will hold the meeting. . ? A. that B. when C. in that time D. what (A) ? 例2: As a painter, Ted was very ___ about the colors he used. (03-10) ? A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D) ? 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun. ? 对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it. ? 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. ? 解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as 是表示倍数的表达法。 ? 例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong -
自考英语心得范文
自考英语心得范文 才的有关规定，造就和选拔德才兼备的专门人才，提高全民族的 欢! 自考英语心得范文一 加自考专升本学习，经过一年多的学习，顺利通过了专升本课程以及加考的水平英语(一)、水平英语(二)和综合英语(二)课程。应该说，对于比较难学的英语专业，我算是在比较短的时间内取得 在此与大家交流。 滴的积累达到的，从量变上升到质变，即所谓的平时有好的学习习惯，才会使我们最终取得好的成绩。所以在平时的学习当中就要严格要求自己，力求扎实的功底，为日后的考试做好准备。
习惯的养成还源自对自考的正确认识。高等教育自学考试是高等教育中较为严格、对考生要求较高的一种自学形式，要想通过考试，就要有较强的自控力和坚持不懈的恒心。其中自控力是坚持不懈的保证，没有较强的自控能力，基本的学习时间无法保 在此我就谈谈我的学习习惯。 读，其他课程如公共课若时间不足，可注意上课笔记。 二、坚听挺好每一堂课，知识的积累重在平时的点点滴滴，虽然一些需要记忆的课程，临阵磨枪有一定的作用，但基础课程仍在于平时的功夫，在于潜移默化，扎扎实实，稳步提高。 三、及时的针对所学内容作总结、联系。即对所学课程及时 四、考前要做的工作。大致读一遍课文，然后有针对性的增加习题训练，起到查漏补缺的作用，最后做一些模拟题型、模式。 五、在不面临国考压力时，也不能松懈，而应主动培养自己的英语意识，多听英语广播、音乐，以及多看英语方面的书籍与节目等，同时如有充裕时间，可针对自身的弱点有选择的参加一些辅导班。
除了以上这几点，我认为还需要时时保持一种紧张状态，即在规定课程未全部达到要求之前，绝不能有所放松，从而争取最后的胜利。 这是我的体会。我认为通过考试拿文凭不是我们的目的，更多的是为了获取真正的知识以及更好的掌握知识，为我们将来的学习和事业打下坚实的基础。所以，在努力通过考试的同时，也应注意培养自身的能力，包括运用知识的能力，适应社会的能力等。在学习的过程中，注意磨砺自己的意志，培养积极、向上、乐观的心理状态，从而迎接人生中的每一次挑战和考验。 最后，我要说的是，既然大家选择了这条学习道路，就应该有恒心、有耐心并且有信心，要相信：付出的汗水中终将获得收获，这段经历将成为我们人生中特有的宝贵的财富，也将成为教会我们懂得珍惜人生的一次机会。 让我们共同努力，为最后的胜利而奋斗! 自考英语心得范文二 我2001年大学毕业以后一直在北京从事英语教育行业，因为一个偶然的机会我接触到了一个自考学校，我发现相当多的自考学生的英文功底不好，要想通过公共科目英语(一)(二)十分的不容易，所以我现在正在筹划开办一个校内的英语补习培训班，
自考《英语二》讲义总结大纲
英语（二）学习是一种信仰 英语（二） 讲义 【00015】 【内部资料】
课程介绍 一、课程性质 英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。 三、本资料介绍 针对英语（二）试题中第一题到第四题，本资料给出对应的解题技巧及真题举例；第五题和第六题主要涉及到英语语法，本资料将近5 年真题涉及到的语法知识进行总结，详细解释并举对应的真题为例；针对第七题作文部分，本资料给出写作模板及参考例文。 如果您能认真阅读本资料并掌握其中的解题技巧和语法知识，那么您一定能顺利通过考试！
目录 第一部分语法知识 (4) 第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4) 第一章名词 (4) 第二章形容词 (5) 第三章副词 (8) 第四章介词 (10) 第二单元谓语动词 (11) 第一章系动词 (12) 第二章情态动词 (12) 第三章时态 (13) 第四章英语语态 (16) 第三单元非谓语动词 (17) 第一章动词不定式 (18) 第二章分词 (19) 第四单元从句 (21) 第一章名词性从句 (21) 第二章形容词从句（定语从句） (21) 第三章副词从句（状语从句） (21) 第五单元并列结构 (22) 第二部分应对技巧 (24) 第一章阅读判断 (24) 第二章阅读选择 (28) 第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33) 第四章填句补文 (36) 第五章填词补文 (38) 第六章完形补文 (40) 第七章短文写作 (41)
一、概念 第一部分语法知识 第一单元名词形容词副词介词 第一章名词 名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如：person，phone，China，time 二、用法 1.名词作主语和宾语。 ●Knowledge is power. （知识就是力量。） ●I love English. （我喜欢英语。) 2.名词可以作定语修饰名词 ①作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等 ②被修饰的名词变复数时，一般情况下，作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式。 ● a diamond ring(一枚钻戒) ●orange juice(橙汁) ●English lessons(英语课) 3.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词出现时，要么是复数名词，要么前面加限定词，如冠词（a、an 或 the），不可数名词永远是单数形式。 ●He has a girlfriend.（他有一个女朋友。） ●He has two girlfriends.（他有两个女朋友。） ●I want some bread.（我想要一些面包。） 三、考点 1.名词作宾语 They were given 33 on memory and thinking. (2014.10) 【答案】：B 【解析】：原文“They were given 33 on memory and thinking.”可知此处应填写名词，作宾语，后文中谈到“tests”，可知 B 选项符合文意。 2.名词修饰名词 For language _ (learner), these forms of communication enable them to share i d e a s about themselves and the world in almost real time. （2015.4）