临沭柳编

柳编产业是临沭县的传统支柱产业，也是富民、富企、富财政的绿色环保产业。近年来，全县柳编产业发展面临许多新情况、新问题。为进一步分析形势，找准问题，探索一条适合我县柳编产业发展的路子。

一、临沭县柳编产业发展现状

（一）杞柳种植情况。杞柳是多年生灌木，春夏种植，夏秋两季收获。我县土壤尤其是沿沭河的土质，比较适合杞柳生长。新扦插的杞柳，只要水肥及时，管理得当，当年夏季可亩产500斤左右，秋季亩产100斤左右。第二年夏季亩产可达到1000斤左右，秋季亩产200斤左右。5至10年不用换茬。近年来，虽然我县各植柳重点镇也推出了一系列扶持杞柳种植的优惠政策和措施，但植柳户植柳积极性普遍不高。为扩大杞柳种植面积，青云镇加大新建和维修水利设施力度，改善种植基地灌溉条件，对新发展种植的杞柳，按每亩200元对种植户进行补贴；白旄镇统一购进优质品种新二柳10万公斤，分发到农户，对在千亩杞柳种植方内新发展的杞柳，每亩补贴400元。目前，全县实有杞柳种植面积约2万亩左右，主要分布在青云镇白旄镇郑山街道北部等也有。主要种植品种有新二柳、二柳、一支笔、大红头、小红头、紫牙柳、大红头等，种植面积占杞柳总面积的90%以上。

（二）杞柳生产销售情况。杞柳经收割剥皮晾晒后，2.5米至3米以上的称大号条，按照目前市场价格平均每市斤3.5元，大号条产量占总量的80%左右；1.5米以上的中号条平均每市斤6.5元；1米左右的小号条平均每市斤9.5元。经测算，按亩年产白柳条1000斤，白柳条均价每市斤5元计算，柳农亩均收入5000元左右；若编织加工后出售亩均收入10000元左右。

（三）柳制品加工销售情况。柳编制品加工精细，经济耐用，使用方便，节能环保，观赏价值较高，集实用、观赏、环保于一身，是我县重要的出口创汇项目。目前，全县共有柳编加工企业共128家，全县有近10万农民熟练掌握条柳编加工工艺，常年从事柳编加工的达5万人以上；杞柳制品有花色品种近2万种，主要以订单加工为主，柳编企业按照外商订货单要求，进行组织生产；产品远销美国、日本、法国、英国、加拿大、荷兰、香港等120多个国家和地区。柳编出口额上亿美元，占全县出口总额的四成。

（四）柳编经营管理人才队伍情况。目前，全县有柳编产业经营管理从业10年以上的人才100多人，经营管理从业20年以上的50多人，有熟练掌握条柳产销业务（放货员）的人员500多人。同时，全县还有3000多名专业销售人员，仅参加每届广交会的专业（国外）推销人员就达500多人。

二、存在的主要问题和制约因素

（一）杞柳种植相对效益下降，种植面积减少。一方面，近年来，农资及人力成本价格上涨较快，杞柳种植比小麦的种植施肥多、施药多、浇水多，所需人工多，据测算，每亩需肥料500元左右，施药浇水200元左右，人工是种植小麦的4倍，杞柳种植的成本是种植小麦的2倍多。在肥料没涨价和未实行小麦直补之前，种植条柳的收益是种植小麦的3倍左右。随着粮食直补等优惠政策的出台，目前植柳的相对收益已明显下降。另一方面，杞柳种植病虫害较多，管理难度大，地蚕、大灰象甲、杨毒蛾、绿刺蛾、蚜虫、柳篮金花虫等病虫害影响较重，特别是近几年柳条黄二橡甲虫（俗名：橡皮虫）高发，直接影响了柳条的生长，部分柳田连片发生，导致柳条连片死亡，影响了群众种植的积极性，有不少柳农改种小麦，致使柳条种植面积出现大幅减少的局面。目前全县实际柳条种植面积仅有2万亩左右，各柳编企业所需的原材料60%以上需要从内蒙、安徽、河南等地大量购进。

（二）柳编产业龙头企业少，高级管理人才和专业技术人才缺乏。目前，我县至今还没有销售收入过亿元的柳编企业，2012年出口额500万美元以上的企业只有7家，柳编产业缺乏龙头企业的强劲带动。目前全县柳编企业的100多名企业管理人员中，大专以上学历的比例不到10%；在2000多

名企业管理人员和营销人员中，大专以上学历的比例不足30%，具有中级以上职称的比例不到5%，柳编行业急需高水平经营管理人才。

（三）柳编企业品牌意识不强，缺乏自主创新人才。全县柳编加工企业中，仅有金柳、晴朗、荣华等少数企业在国内注册了商标，多数企业缺乏知识产权保护意识，大多贴牌生产。多数企业产品更新速度缓慢，创新能力差，企业创新品种少，自主品种少，创新性专业技术人才不足，导致全县柳编产品附加值低，效益低，柳编产业发展缓慢。

（四）柳编企业过度依赖国际市场，无序竞争现象仍然存在。当前我县柳编出口大多数是订单贸易，缺乏自己的国际营销网络和销售终端，出口柳编工艺品的价格受外商制约。当前全县柳编产品的90%以上为自营出口，其它部分通过代理公司销售到国外，国内市场份额极少，大多柳编企业没有开拓国内市场的意识，企业过分依赖参加广交会、华交会等展会接国外订单，不注重国内市场的开拓，销售市场单一。柳编企业之间为争市场、争客户互相压价竞价等现象依然存在，致使对外商的订单价格始终处于极低的水平。

（五）柳编产业发展受劳动力制约明显，后备人力不足。随着经济社会的发展，农民工就业的途径越来越多。一个劳动力外出打工，每天可收入一、二百元，而在家里用自己的

柳条搞柳编加工，每天收入40至80元，搞来料加工，一天收入也不超过100元。致使很多农民觉得在家从事柳编不如外出打工划算。尤其是年轻人，多数受过一定的教育，向往城市的生活方式，不愿意在农村从事杞柳种植和柳编加工，导致从业人员日趋减少。目前从事柳编加工的人员，大都是五、六十年代出生的中老年人、农村妇女。

三、对策和建议

（一）加大柳编产业的政策扶持力度。一是建议设立专项基金。从柳编产业实现的财政收入中提取一定比例，并整合各级惠农扶持资金，设立县柳编产业发展专项资金，重点支持杞柳种植基地建设及新产品开发等。二是加大杞柳种植病虫害防治力度。成立专门的杞柳种植研究所或通过政府购买服务方式，由专门植保机构对杞柳新品种培育、病虫害防治等进行课题承担，负责杞柳种植技术指导、病虫害的研究防治工作。建立杞柳发展部门联席会议制度，商务、农业、水利、林业、旅游等部门定期召开会议，对杞柳生产中遇到的问题及时进行协调解决。三是加大规费减免扶持力度。对柳编企业建设改造项目中的规费，建议参照农村住房建设予以“减免缓”，对柳编企业的育林基金和河道工程维护费等收费适当予以减免。在政策允许的范围内，对柳编企业税收予以适当优惠。

（二）加快杞柳基地建设。要把柳条种植基地建设，作为临沭柳编产业生存和发展的战略任务来抓，积极采取切实可行的措施，加快柳条种植基地建设，重点建设好临沭和北大荒两个种植基地，力争到2015年两个种植基地面积达到10万亩。一是要搞好白旄、青云杞柳种植基地建设。加大投入，实施好种植补贴政策，搞好优良品种改良，加强病虫害防治，力争到2015年白旄、青云杞柳种植基地达到8万亩。二是要鼓励和支持骨干企业发展异地种植基地。探索实施政府牵头，骨干龙头企业联合，积极开发北大荒、湖北、黄河滩地等异地杞柳种植基地，力争2015年异地杞柳种植基地达到2万亩，为临沭柳编产业的发展奠定坚实基础。

（三）加大柳编产业研发创新力度。一是筹建中国柳编研究院，设立中国柳编研发中心，健全完善柳编工艺研发平台和柳编工艺技术转化服务平台。二是与有关部门联合，研究制定柳编产品及分类标准，促进柳编标准化生产，发掘和保护传统工艺，加快新产品、新工艺开发进程。三是加大对工艺创新、品牌设计、编织等专业技术人才的培养，加强产学研基地建设，积极与高等院校、职业学校等对接，引进和培养柳编工艺专业人才，为柳编企业提供技术培训和信息咨询服务，聘请国外专业设计机构联合研发，提高产品科技含量和市场竞争力。

（四）加大国内外市场的拓展力度。一是积极扶持开拓国内市场。对柳编企业参加国内综合商品展会的，每个摊位予以一定比例的补贴；对在国内地市级以上城市设立直销机构的，经验收合格可予以适当补助。二是加大国外市场的开拓力度。对在欧美和亚洲地区开设直销机构的，经核实后分别予以一定补助；积极组织有意向的企业去国外参展，对到欧美及亚洲地区参展的企业，分别予以一定的摊位补贴；同时适当提高到国外传统市场和新兴市场摊位费的补助标准。三是积极发挥行业协会作用，引导柳编企业之间形成有序的差别竞争。

（五）加强临沭柳编品牌建设。一是加大品牌创建奖励力度。对获得国家级、省级、市级出口品牌的，分别予以一定现金奖励；二是加大商标、专利申请奖励力度。对在境外、国内注册商标或申请专利的企业，分别予以一定现金奖励。三是加大形象塑造力度。积极推进中国柳编文化城建设，建立一个以柳编为主，集各类工艺品研发、生产、经营和贸易为一体的工艺品综合商贸平台；组织申办中国柳编工艺品国际博览会、中国柳编产业发展研讨会、中国产业发展战略高峰论坛等会议；适时创办“中国柳编文化艺术节”，定期举办中国柳编技能大赛、中国柳编设计创意大赛和中国柳编优质产品评选等活动，以活动促宣传，扩大临沭柳编的影响力和知名度。

（六）加强柳编产业整合管理。一是成立专门管理机构。参照苍山蔬菜管理体制，县政府成立柳编产业发展管理办公室，配备专职工作人员、经费、车辆，统一协调解决产业发展中遇到的困难和问题。二是科学制定柳编产业发展规划。结合农业、旅游开发、两区同建等工作，对全县柳编产业发展进行科学规划，明确发展方向和目标。三是借鉴肥料行业整合提升的经验做法，适时对全县柳编行业进行整合提升，充分发挥临沭柳编产业的原料资源、生产资源、技术开发、客户资源等优势。要通过提升整合资源，实行一个窗口对外，一个声音说话，凝聚合力，掌握市场主导权和话语权，奠定临沭柳编在全国的龙头地位，促进临沭柳编整体竞争力的提升。

（七）要与文化产业、旅游产业有效的结合起来。要积极依托“中国柳编之都”、“中国杞柳之乡”、“国家文化出口重点企业”和“国家文化出口重点项目”这一金字招牌，根据市场需求，鼓励柳编企业研究开发一批“特色性、观赏性、便携性、宣传性、多价性”的柳编系列旅游产品，这样既能满足旅游消费者的购买心理，又能吸引或刺激游客购买欲望。主要是要给柳编艺术产品赋予文化商品的内涵，开发生产自然生态环保型条柳旅游商品，如柳编小动物、插花篮、储物篮、沙发等，通过临沭柳编产业助推全县旅游业发展。

同时，要积极申报国家“非物质文化遗产”，提高保护临沭柳编的知识产权意识。

Willow industry is a traditional pillar industry Linshu, but also rich people, rich enterprises, rich green finance industry. In recent years, the county willow industry is facing many new situations and new problems. To further analyze the situation, identify problems, discover a suitable path willow county industrial development.

One, Willow industry development status quo Linshu

(A) Salix cultivation. Salix is a perennial shrub, spring planting, summer and fall harvest. County soil, especially soil along Shuhe, more suitable for Salix growth. New cuttings of Salix, as long as water and fertilizer in a timely manner, properly managed, then summer can yield about 500 pounds, about 100 kilograms per mu in autumn. The second can be achieved in the summer of 1000 kilograms per mu, mu autumn about 200 pounds. 5-10 years without Huancha. In recent years, although the county town each planting willow focus Salix also launched a series of supportive policies and measures planting, but planting willow planting willow enthusiasm households generally not high. To expand Salix acreage, Qingyun Town, New and repair irrigation facilities to increase efforts to improve irrigation planting base, the new development of planted Salix, 200 yuan per mu subsidies for growers; white Mao town unified purchase of new high-quality varieties two willow 100,000 kg, distributed to farmers, to Salix Salix acres planted in the square new development subsidy 400 yuan per mu. Currently, the county is indeed Salix cultivation area of about two acres, mainly in the town of Cheng Yun Bai Mao town north of Hill Street, also have. Two main planting new varieties of willow, two willow, a pen, red head, red head, purple teeth willow, red top, planting area accounts for more than 90% of the total area of Salix.

(B) Salix production sales. Salix by drying after harvest skinned, 2.5 to 3 m or more, said large pieces, according to the current market price of an average 3.5 yuan per jin, queen production accounts for about 80 percent of the total; 1.5 meters above the average number of 6.5 yuan per jin; small pieces about 1 meter average 9.5 yuan per jin. The measure, according to mu annual white wicker 1,000 pounds, white wicker average 5 yuan per jin calculations about Willow agricultural income 5000 yuan per mu; weaving process after the sale if the income of about 10,000 yuan per mu.

(C) willow products processing sales. Willow products processing fine, economical and durable, easy to use, energy saving, high ornamental value, set of practical, ornamental, environmental protection in one, is the county important export item. Currently, the county a total of a total of 128 Willow processing enterprises, the county has nearly 100,000 farmers mastering process of Willow, Willow perennial engaged in the processing of up to 5 million people; Salix products are nearly 20,000 kinds of varieties, mainly in order processing, willow foreign enterprises in accordance with the purchase order requirements, organization of production; products are exported to over 120 countries and regions, the United States, Japan, France, Britain, Canada, the Netherlands and Hong Kong. Willow exports billions of dollars, accounting for four percent of the county's total exports.

(Four) Willow management personnel situation. Currently, the county has willow industry

employed more than 100 talent management for more than 10 years, management practitioners 50 people more than 20 years, has mastered the production and marketing operations of willow (Fanghuo member) of more than 500 people. Meanwhile, the county as well as more than 3,000 sales professionals attend each Canton only professional (abroad) amounted to more than 500 sales personnel.

Second, the main problems and constraints

(A) the relative effectiveness of Salix cultivation declined, reducing the acreage. On the one hand, in recent years, agricultural and labor costs rose faster than Salix planting wheat planting fertilizing, spraying more water and more and more labor required, according to estimates, about fertilizer per acre should be 500 yuan, Shi drug watering about 200 yuan, artificially planted wheat is four times the cost of Salix planting wheat planting is more than 2 times. Before fertilizer prices and did not implement wheat subsidies, earnings planting of willow cultivation of wheat is about 3 times. With the introduction of food subsidies and other preferential policies, the current relative income has significantly decreased planting willow. On the other hand, planting pest Salix integra more difficult to manage pests and diseases affecting Decan, a large gray weevil, Yang moth, green slug, aphids, insects and other heavier Golden willow baskets, especially in recent years, two wicker yellow oak beetle (common name: rubber worms) high, a direct impact on the growth of wicker, partly contiguous Yanagida occurred wicker contiguous death, affecting the enthusiasm of the masses planting, many farmers switched to growing wheat willow, wicker resulting acreage appear significantly reduced the situation. Currently the county acreage actual wicker only about two acres, required each Willow companies need a lot more than 60% of raw materials purchased from Inner Mongolia, Anhui, Henan and other places.

(B) less willow industry leading enterprises, lack of senior management personnel and professional and technical personnel. Currently, the county has yet to Willow billion sales revenue of enterprises, in 2012 exports of more than $ 5 million in business only seven, willow industry leading enterprises lack a strong drive. At present, more than 100 county Willow enterprise business management personnel, the proportion of college education is less than 10%; in more than 2,000 corporate executives and marketing staff, the proportion of college education is less than 30%, with intermediate professional titles for less than 5%, willow industry in urgent need of high-level management personnel.

(C) Willow brand awareness is not strong, the lack of independent innovation talent. Willow processing enterprises in the county, only gold willow, sunny, splendor and a few other companies in the country registered a trademark, the majority of enterprises lack awareness of intellectual property protection, most of the OEM. Most companies product updates slowly, innovation ability, less innovation varieties, less independent breed, lack of innovative professional and technical personnel, resulting in low value-added products Willow county, low efficiency, slow willow industry.

(Four) Willow enterprise excessive dependence on international markets, disorderly competition still exists. Most of the current county Willow export trade orders, lack their own international marketing network and sales terminals, willow handicraft export prices by foreign constraints. Currently more than 90% of the county willow products for export, the other part of the sales to foreign countries through the agency, the domestic market share very few, most companies do not develop awareness Willow domestic market, companies over-reliance participate in Canton Fair, China Fair and other exhibitions connected foreign orders, do not focus on the domestic market

development, sales and market single. Willow enterprises struggle between market competition and other customers lower prices bid each other still exists, causing prices of foreign orders are always at a very low level.

(Five) Willow industry significantly affected by labor constraints, lack of reserve manpower. With the development of economy and society, way more and more employment of migrant workers. A labor of migrant workers, the daily income of one, two hundred yuan, while at home with their willow wicker engage processing, income 40-80 yuan a day, engage in processing, income is not more than 100 yuan a day. Resulting in many farmers feel at home in Willow better than working out cost-effective. Especially young people, the majority have received some education, longing for city life, unwilling to engage in rural areas and willow Salix cultivation and processing, leading practitioners dwindling. Willow is currently engaged in the processing of personnel, mostly fifties and sixties were born in the elderly, rural women.

Third, countermeasures and suggestions

(A) intensify policy support willow industry. First proposed the establishment of a special fund. Extracted from willow industry revenue realized in a certain proportion, and integration benefits of agricultural support funds at all levels, the establishment of the county industrial development funds willow, Salix key support bases grow and new product development. The second is to increase the Salix planting pest control efforts. Salix integra Institute set up a special planting or through government purchase of services, from specialized plant protection organization of Salix cultivation of new varieties, pest control, etc. subject to bear responsible for Salix cultivation technical guidance, research prevention and control of pests and diseases. Salix development department to establish a joint conference system, business, agriculture, water conservancy, forestry, tourism and other departments meet regularly on issues encountered in the production of Salix integra timely coordinate and solve problems. Third, support efforts to increase the fee waiver. Willow companies for construction and renovation projects in the fees, the proposed reference rural housing construction be "slow reduction" on the Willow enterprises silviculture fund and river engineering and maintenance fees shall be charged the appropriate relief. Within the policy to the extent permitted, to give appropriate preferential corporate tax willow.

(B) accelerate Salix bases. Make wicker planting base construction, as strategic task Linshuliubian industry survival and development, and actively take practical measures to accelerate the construction of wicker planting base, focusing on building the Great Northern Wilderness linshu and two plantations, and strive to 2015 in two planting base area of 10 acres. First, we must do a good job white Mao, Qi Liu Qingyun planting bases. Increase investment, the implementation of good planting subsidies, improved varieties do well to strengthen pest control, and strive to 2015 white Mao, Qi Liu Qingyun reached 80,000 mu planting base. The second is to encourage and support the development of off-site planting base backbone enterprises. Explore the implementation of government-led, joint leading enterprises, and actively develop the Great Northern Wilderness, Hubei Province, the Yellow River floodplain and other places Qiliu planting base, and strive in 2015 to reach remote Qiliu 20,000 mu planting base, laying a solid foundation for the development Linshuliubian industry.

(C) increase the willow industry research and innovation efforts. First, build the China Academy of Willow, Willow China R & D center set up, perfect Willow Willow process development platform and technology transformation services platform. Second, with the relevant departments jointly study the development of willow products and classification standards, promote Willow

standardized production, excavation and protection of traditional processes, accelerate new products, new technology development process. The third is to increase the cultivation of process innovation, brand design, weaving, and other professional and technical personnel, and strengthen research base, and actively with universities, vocational schools and other docking, introduction and cultivation of willow craft professionals, to provide technical training for Willow Enterprises and information consulting services, to hire foreign professional design agency joint research and development, improving product technology content and market competitiveness.

(Iv) increase efforts to expand domestic and foreign markets. First, actively explore the domestic market support. Willow enterprises to participate in the domestic general merchandise show, each booth to be a certain percentage of subsidies; direct marketing agency to set up municipal-level cities in the country, the experience can be appropriately qualified income subsidies. Second is to increase efforts to open up foreign markets. To set up direct marketing agencies in Europe and Asia, respectively, after verification be certain subsidies; active organization with the intention of companies to foreign exhibitors, Europe and Asia for the participating companies, some stalls were to be subsidized; while appropriately increased to traditional and emerging markets abroad booth fee subsidies. Third, industry associations play an active role in guiding the formation of orderly competition difference between Willow enterprises.

(E) strengthening Linshuliubian brand building. First, create incentives to increase brand strength. For access to national, provincial, municipal export brands, namely to provide a certain cash awards; second is to increase the trademark, patent applications reward efforts. On the outside, the country registered trademarks or patents businesses, respectively, to provide a certain cash awards. The third is to increase the image-building efforts. Actively promote the Chinese culture Willow City building, establish a willow-based, set all kinds of handicrafts development, production, operation and trade as one of the crafts integrated business platform; tissue bid China International Fair willow crafts, Chinese willow Industry Development Seminar, China industrial Development Strategy Forum and other meetings; timely founder of "Chinese culture and Art Festival willow," willow skills Competition held regularly China, China and China willow willow design contest selection of quality products and other activities to promote propaganda activities, to expand its influence Linshuliubian of and visibility.

(F) enhancing the willow industry consolidation management. First, the establishment of specialized management agencies. Cangshan vegetables reference management system, the county government established willow industry management office, with full-time staff, funding, vehicles, coordination resolve difficulties and problems encountered in the development industry. Second, the scientific development of willow industry development plan. Combining agriculture, tourism development, two areas with the construction and other work on the county's industrial development Willow scientific planning, a clear direction and goals. Third, learn from the experience of the fertilizer industry consolidation to enhance the practice of timely consolidation of the county willow industry promotion, give full play to Linshuliubian industrial raw material resources, production resources, technology development, customer resources and other advantages. To enhance the integration of resources through the implementation of one window, one voice, unite together, grasp market dominance and the right to speak, to lay Linshuliubian leading position in the country, promote the upgrading Linshuliubian overall competitiveness. (Seven) to the cultural industries, tourism industry effectively together. To actively relying on "China Willow Capital", "Chinese Qi Liu Heung", "national cultural exports of key enterprises"

and "national cultural exports of key projects," the gold standard, according to market demand, encourage research and development of a number of willow enterprise "features , ornamental, portability, advocacy, multivalent nature "willow series of tourism products, which can meet the travel consumer purchasing psychology, but also to stimulate the tourist attraction or desire to buy. Willow art products mainly to give to give the connotation of cultural goods, development and production of natural eco-friendly type of willow tourism commodities, such as willow small animals, insert baskets, storage baskets, sofas, etc., by boosting the county's tourism industry Linshuliubian development of. At the same time, we must actively declare the country "intangible cultural heritage", raise awareness of IPR protection Linshuliubian's.