人教版小学英语六年级下册小学英语语法知识

小学英语语法知识英语动词4种时态：1、一般现在时：常与表示程度或频度的词连用，如：often（经常）, usually（通常，一般）, sometimes（有时）, always（总是，一直）, never（从不）,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。

用动词原形表示，第三人称单数后，动词要在词尾加s（或es，或变y为i再加es）。

如：I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.2、现在进行时：表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。

用am / is / are 加动词ing形式表示，如: What are you doing? I am reading a book. What is he doing? He is singing.3、一般将来时：常与表示将来的时间连用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year 等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。

用am/ is/ are 加going to 形式表示，如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I’m goin g to ride a horse. 用will 加动词原形表示，如：What will you do next Sunday? I will go shopping. 用am/ is/ are 加动词ing 形式表示，如：What are you doing tomorrow? I’m going bowling.4、一般过去时：经常与表示过去的时间连用, 如: yesterday, last night 等, 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。

动词要用动词的过去式。

如：Who was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容词的比较级和最高级：1、单音节词：比较级加er, 最高级加est. 如：tall—taller—the tallest, He is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、多音节词和部分双音节词：比较级加more, 最高级加the most. 如：interesting---------more interesting---------the most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music.. Science is the most interesting subject.形容词变为比较级的变化规则：（1）一般情况下，在形容词的词尾直接加er。

如: tall—taller short—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾直接加r，如：nice—nicer. late—later (3)以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er.如：big —bigger thin—thinner fat—fatter (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词，先变y为i , 再加er。

如：easy—easier heavy—heavier funny—funnier.（2）、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化：good—better well—better bad—worse badly—worse many—more much—more little—less far—farther动词ing的变化规律：1）直接加ing ，如：open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, …2）去掉词尾不发音的e ，如：take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing,practice-practicing, …3）重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加ing , 如：sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, …主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)：1）直接加s，如：cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes,…2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, …3）辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es，如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, …4）以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es.5）特殊：have-has, …6）家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关系words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相关句型: 1) Is he/she Tom’s cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn’t.2) Who’s he/she? He’s/She’s my friend.3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they?There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意：1）名词单复数，如：family-families;名词单数--复数规律:（1）1）直接加s，如：boy-boys, term-terms,2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3）辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es，如：baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,4）以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, …5）特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6) 不变: hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fish, sheep, …（2）名词所有格，表明是“谁的”如：my cousin’s , his parents’它的构成规则：单数名词后+“’s”，Mike’s mother.复数名词词尾有，其后只+“’”，Teachers’Da教师节.若是两人共有时，只在后者+ “’s ”,Jim and Tom’s mother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。

不是两者所共有的，两者都+ “’s ”,Jim’s and Tom’s mother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。

名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of, a map of China.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构：“主语+动词的过去式”用法：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：一般过去式的用法：一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句, 如yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。

I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。

I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。

I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。

一般过去式构成：表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。

动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

4. 一般过去时的标志词: last year; last nightyesterday (+morning, afternoon, evening)in +过去时间词: in 1998…II 过去式规则变化（a）动词词尾+“ed”。

walk →walked（走）need →needed （需要）（b）动词词尾为“e”时，加“-d”。

live →lived （住）like →liked （喜欢）（c）动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，去“y”加“ied”，若是词尾为“元音字母+y”，只加“ed”。

study →studied （学习）play→played （游戏）（d）原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时，先双写该辅音字母再+“ed”stop →stoppedIII 过去式规则变化(一) 不变1.cut cut2.let let3.put put 4 read read 5．must must（二）改成a1. come came2.become became3. begin began4. drink drank5.have had6.run ran7. sit sat8.ring rang9. sing sang 10.swim swam 11.give gave（三）改成ght1. think thought2.fight fought3.bring brought4. buy bought5. catch caught6. teach taught（三）改成t1.keep kept2.sleep slept3.sweep swept4.feel felt5.spend spent6.learn learnt7.mean meant（四）改成ew1.blow blew2. know knew3.grow grew4. draw drew5.throw threw6. fly flew（五）改成o1.get got2.forget forgot3.write wrote4.ride rode5.drive drove6.sell sold7.tell told8.stand stood9.understand understood10.speak spoke 11.hear heard 12.take took(六)其他形式1.make made2.hear heard3.eat ate4.mean meant5.say said6.find found7.meet met8.see saw9.can could 10.shall should 11.will would 12. maymight13.go went 14.see saw 15.wear wore时态时间标志口诀集锦1. 一般现在时：“总经常有每没（美眉^^）复星周”总：always，usually等经常：often有：sometimes （记住，“有”不是have，而是“有时”）每：every week/month/year 等没：never复星周：on Mondays，on Tuesdays等2. 一般过去时：“昨天上个XX（读作叉叉）前，in加年份when 字连”（原创）昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morning，afternoon，evening等上个：last，后面可以加week，month，year等XX前：ago，前面可以加three weeks/months/years agoin加年份：in 2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般过去时，后年2012前就都是过去时了，2012，世界末日？电影看多了。