Ahealthylife-grammar虚拟语气

虚拟语气的用法Ⅰ动词的语气语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人持有的态度或看法.Ⅱ相关知识点精讲1.虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法⑴辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.⑵虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表：⑶混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1) If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2) If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3) If he had followed th e doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.⑷ if虚拟条件句中的到装如果虚拟语气的条件从句中含有were, had, should可将if省略，把were, had, should放在主语前面。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Should you meet him, you would greet him.2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用(1)动词wish后的宾语从句,表示不能实现的愿望，表示“但愿...；… 就好了；可惜…悔不该…；①与现在事实相反的愿望，从句的谓动词用过去式I wish that he weren’t so lazy. I wish I were ten years younger.②与过去事实相反的愿望：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

其句子结构为：had done或would, could, might have done。

I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.I wish that you had been here yesterday.③表示将来的愿望时：从句动词would/could/might + 动词原形，常表达不满意，烦恼等。

I wish he would try again.He wishes that we would visit the old school.(2)虚拟语气用于as if/though 引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其中动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。

They talked as if they had been friends for years. She looks as if she would cry.(3)用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议等的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式：should + 动词原形，should可省略1) 用在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词后，动词形式为(should) +动词原形. 常见动词：一个坚持（insist），两个命令(order, command)，三个建议（advise, suggest, propose），四个要求(demand , require, request, desire)。

注意：在suggest后的从句中 A.如果表示建议，用虚拟语气B.如果表示表明、暗示，用陈述语气The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.在insist后的从句中 A.如果坚持做什么事情，用虚拟语气B.如果坚持表明，坚持说/解释，用陈述语气My sister insisted that she should organize the trip.He insisted that he was right.2）用在“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）/ 名词+ that……”结构中：常用形容词有：natural, necessary ,important, strange, possible, surprising, amazing，desirable合意的，advisable明智的，crucial关键的，insistent坚持的，essential紧要的，基本的等常用过去分词有: required ,demanded, suggested 建议, recommended 推荐, commanded命令的，desired想要，ordered命令，proposed提议，requested要求的等It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It is requested that Mr. Li give a performance at the party.3)用于由表示建议、要求、命令请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice, demand , desire, suggestion, proposal , request , order, requirement, recommendation ,motion提议，resolution决心，decision，idea，pity，preference，shame，surprise，wish，wonder等。

(4) 用在would rather/sooner, had rather, would(just) as soon引导的宾语从句中,表示‘‘宁愿做什么”或对过去做的事的懊悔。

1)表示与现在或将来事实相反用过去时2)表示与过去事实相反用had doneI’d rather you posted the letter right away.I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.注意①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形。

I would rather stay at home today．②would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形。

I would rather stay at home than go out today．(5) It is (about/high)time + 过去式/should+动词原形(should 不能省)It is high time that we put an end to discussion.(6) 在f or fear that …/in case that …/ lest以免，万一等引导的状语从句,动词用should+动原形，should 可以省略。

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.3. 含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件，这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往可以转化成if引导的条件句。

常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：(1)介词或介词短语，如：but for, but that, without等But for the leadership of the Party, we could not be living happily today.= If there were not the leadership of the party, we could not be living happily today.Without music, the world would be a dull place.(2)通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise等类似转折词。

He worked very hard, otherwise he would have failed.(3)分词短语Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his father.(4)情态动词完成时暗示虚拟语气。

should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该可以做而实际上却没做”shouldn’t have done表示“过去不应该做而实际上做了”needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要做而实际上做了”Ⅲ.Drilling1. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.A. is to, shouldB. were to, wouldC. were going to, wouldD. was going to, should2. But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.A. would have diedB. would dieC. must have diedD. must die3. ___ today, he would got there for holiday.A. Was he leavingB. Were he to leaveC. Would he leaveD. If he leaves4. It’s high time that we ___ to school.A. would toB. wentC. goD. will go5. I’d rather you ___ right away.A. leaveB. leftC. will leaveD. to leave6. He is working hard for fear that he ___.A. failsB. failedC. would failD. fail7. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.A. has been marriedB. has marriedC. be marriedD. would marry8. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. giveB. should giveC. be givenD. would be given9. He insisted that he ___ me before.A. seeB. should seeC. had seenD. saw10. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.A. wereB. would beC. have beenD. had been11. He wishes ___ mistakes.A. he doesn’t always makeB. he isn’t always makingC. he didn’t always makeD. he wouldn’t always making12. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.A. w on’t winB. will loseC. wouldn’t have wonD. can’t win13. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Willians immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speakD. to speak14. The doctor suggested that she ___.A. will not smokeB. not smokeC. would not smokeD. did not smoke15. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.A. beB. amC. wasD. were16. It is imperative that you ___ on time.A. areB. will beC. beD. would be17. You are late. If you ___ a few minutes earlier, you ___ him.A. came/ would meetB. had come/ would have metC. come/ will meetD. had come/ would met18. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known19. You look so tired tonight. It is time you ___.A. go to sleepB. went to sleepC. go to bedD. went to bed20. I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.A. finishing writingB. should finish the writingC. finish writingD. finished writing21. The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have22. But for the leadership of our Party, we ___.A. shouldn’t succeedB.could not have succeedC. will not succeedD. should not havesucceededⅣ. 巩固练习1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _________ much easier.A. will beB. would have beenC. could have beenD. would be2. If I _____ you, I’d join the army.A. amB. wasC. wereD. would be3. If he _______ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comesB. will comeC. should comeD. come4. If it _______ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rainsB. will rainsC. would rainD. should rain5. If I _______ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to doB. doC. had doneD. was to do6. Supposing the weather ________ bad, where would you go ?A. isB. will beC. wereD. be7. If he had worked harder, he _________.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded8. If he ________, he _________ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _________ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented10. If he ______ it, he _______ it.A. had seen; could have believedB. saw; couldn’t believeC. saw; couldn’t have believedD. has seen; had believed11. —Do you think the thief entered through the window?—No, if he had, I don’t believe, _______ broken the living-room’s window.A. he would haveB. he must haveC. he hadD. should he have12. —Did you go swimming last Sunday? —No. We would have gone ______ nicer.A. if the weather wasB. would the weather have beenC. had the weather beenD. should the weather be13. ______ it ______ for your he lp, I couldn’t have made any progress.A. Had; not beenB. Should; not beenC. Did; not beenD. Not; been14. _______ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would have leftB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves15. It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river.A. should be builtB. would builtC. will be builtD. built。