2021届新高考版高考英语一轮复习教师用书：第3部分 题型四 语篇型语法填空

试题分析 ▶素养解读 本文主要介绍了跑步的益处,培养学生有效地陈述事件、传递信息以及表达个人观点和情感的能力,并引导学生积极运动,关 注身心健康,进而形成积极向上的生活态度。
庖丁解牛 ▶第 62、63 空提示词均为动词,首先判断两个设空处都填非谓语,然后根据语境判断非谓语的形式。第 63 空除了考查介 词后用动词-ing 外,还考查 die 的不规则变化。 ▶第 68、69 空的提示词均为名词,首先判断空处在句中作什么成分,以此来确定空处所填词的词性,再根据构词法对词汇 进行变形。 【答案与解析】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了跑步的益处。 61.longer 考查副词。句中有 than,故用 long 的比较级 longer。 62.to see 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语,因此此处应用非谓语动词;分析句子结构及句意可知,此处应用动词不定式 to see 作目的状语。 63.dying 考查非谓语动词。短语 reduce one’s risk of...表示"降低某人……的风险", 介词 of 后跟动词作宾语时要用 其-ing 形式。 64.is 考查时态和主谓一致。本文主体时态为一般现在时,本句中宾语从句也应用一般现在时;且宾语从句的主语为 it, 故用 is。 65.than 考查介词。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长生命。根据句中的 more 可知,此处应用介词 than 引出比较对象。故填 than。 66.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为 a study,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语, 故填关系代词 that/which。
65.have reported 考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语 In recent years 多与现在完成时连用,主语 some Inuit
people 为复数意义,因此本空填 have reported。
【技巧点拨】 现在完成时的其他标志性词语有:just, already, ever, never, yet, before, lately, recently, for a long
67.causes 考查名词。 此处 cause 是可数名词,意为"原因",句中的 all 表示"所有",其后应用可数名词的复数形式,故填 causes。 68.strengthen 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故本空应填动词 strengthen,意 为"增强,加强"。 69.energetic 考查形容词。and 连接两个并列分句,and 前面的 cheap 和 easy 均为形容词,故空处应用形容词 energetic 作表语,意为"需要能量的,剧烈的"。 70.it 考查固定搭配。give it a try 为固定搭配,意为"试一试",根据语境可知,it 指代 running。
题型四 语篇型语法填空
Cloze 1 [2019 全国 I]
主题:对北极熊数量的关注与研究 词数:164 难度:★★★ 建议时间:8 分钟 高考真题 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
time, up to now, so far, in the last few years/weeks/months 等。在文中看到这些词语,通常应用现在完成时。
66.belief 考查名词。根据空前的 a 可知,此处 leading to 后应接名词作宾语,故本空填 belief"信念"。
【知识拓展】 ve 结尾的动词变名词时,常把 ve 变为 f。如:relieve v.解除,减轻→relief n.宽慰,轻松; 解脱。
当中",本空应填定冠词 the,表示特指。
70.are 考查时态和主谓一致。本句中其他分句的谓语动词用了一般现在时,且空处所在分句的主语 six 表示复数意义,
故本空应填 are 作该分句的谓语动词。
Cloze 2 [2018 全国Ⅰ]
主题:跑步的益处 词数:173 难度:★★ 建议时间:8 分钟 高考真题 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than nonrunners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
67.noting 考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟动词时应用其-ing 形式作宾语,故本空填 noting。
68.higher 考查比较级。根据空后的连词 than 可知,本句表示比较意义,因此本空应填 higher。
69.the 考查冠词。Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations 意为"在这 19 个已知的北极熊亚种群
Cloze 3 [2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ)]
主题:地铁的发展过程 词数:181 难度:★★★ 建议时间:9 分钟 高考真题
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
试题分析 ▶素养解读 文章通过介绍科学家对北极熊数量变化的关注与研究,引导考生关注生态和自然,提高环境保护意识,深入思考人与自然 的和谐相处之道。
庖丁解牛 本题难点集中在同位语从句、非谓语动词等考点。
▶61 题,要分析出这是一个复合句,"they range...Canada"是对空前 evidence 的具体内容的解释,根据同位语从句引导 词的特点可知,此空填 that。 ▶64 题,要熟练掌握及运用"主语+be 动词+adj.+不定式" 结构,本题中 Modern methods 与第二个谓语相隔较远,如能 识别出这个结构,就很容易填出 to perform。 【答案与解析】 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境涉及"人与自然"和"人与动物"。本文介绍了科学家对北极熊数量变 化的关注与研究,引导考生关注生态平衡与环境保护。 61.that 考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句,解释了名词 evidence"证据"的具体内容,空处在从句中不充当成 分,也无意义,故本空填连词 that。 62.poorly 考查副词。应用副词 poorly"不好地,不足"修饰动词 studied。 63.of/for 考查介词。名词 method 后接介词 of/for,表示"……的方法"。 【知识拓展】 其他常见的表示 "方法"的名词的介词搭配 way 常与介词 of 或动词不定式搭配,如:the way of learning English,the way to learn English;approach 常与介词 to 搭配,如:the approach to dealing with this problem;means 常与介词 of 搭配,如:an effective means of communication。 64.to perform 考查非谓语动词。此处属于"主语+be 动词+adj.+不定式"结构,主语通常是不定式动作的承受者,不定 式用主动形式表示被动含义。
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.