英语语言学复习资料

英语语言学1-6章单元测试题

姓名：______班级：______学号：_____________

I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be

d escriptive.

2.Chomsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k nowledge of the rules of his language.

ngue refers to the a bstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

4.D uality is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.

nguage is a system of a rbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

6.S ociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.

7.The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s yntax.

8.Human capacity for language has a g enetic basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

9.P arole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

10.Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a pplied linguistics.

nguage is p roductive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

12.Linguistics is generally defined as the s cientific study of language.

13.To help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s ocial function of language.

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.A spiration refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.

2.A rticulatory phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ.

3.The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all

b ilabial sounds.

4.Of all the speech organs, the t ongue is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other.

5.English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p lace of articulation.

6.When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s tops.

7.S uprasegmental features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.

8.The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s equential rules.

9.The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called n arrow transcription. 10.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i ntonation.

11.P honetics is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.

12.If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a lveolar sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.

13.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the o ral cavity and the nasal cavity.

14.T ones are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.