关于构词法的课件.ppt
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英语词汇学之构词法PPT课件

-en
woolen, golden, wooden, earthen…
-ent different, dependent, existent, consistent…
-ic
realistic, poetic, historic, economic…
November 18, 2023
14
常见后缀2—形容词后缀
11
常见后缀1—名词后缀
后缀 例词
-an
Asian, American, Russian, African…
-ance attendance, performance, assistance…
-ation education, examination, pronunciation…
-dom
freedom, kingdom, wisdom, boredom…
spy(监视)
lower(更低的) lower(降低)
1818
其它构词法之截短法
缺点
杂乱 不喜欢
10
常见前缀3—特定意思
构成方式
anti-(反) auto-(自动) bi-(双) centi-(百分之一的) co-(共同) down(向下) ex-(以前的) fore-(前部的) full-(完全) November 18, 2023
例词
antiwar, anticancer, antipollution… automatic, autotimer, auto-record… bicycle, binoculars… centimeter, centigram, centigrade… co-operate, co-edit, co-exit… downstairs, downhill, downwards… ex-wife, ex-lover, ex-husband… forehead, foreleg, forearm… full-time, full-speed, full-strength…
英语构词法-超实用PPT课件

justice(公正)
note(注释)
quality(质量)
test(测试)
unity(团结、联合)加后缀
动词
classify(分类) glorify(美化) identify(识别) justify(为…辩护) notify(告知) qualify(使合格) testify(证实) unify(统一、联合)
添加前缀
counter- -
10
添加前缀 anti-
bacterial(细菌的) virus(病毒)
反义词
antibacterial(抗菌的) anti-virus(抗病毒)
cipher(编写密码) code(编码) frost(结霜) value(估价)
添加前缀 de-
decipher(译码) decode(解码) defrost(除霜) devalue(贬值)
-
12
添加前缀 il-
legal(合法的) literate(有教养的) logical(逻辑的)
balance(平衡) mature(成熟的) moral(道德的) patient(耐心的) perfect(完美的) personal(个人的) polite(礼貌的) possible(可能的) pure(纯的)
动词
clear(变清澈) cool (使变凉爽) empty(倒空) slow(减慢) warm(使温暖)
-
5
Examples
He handed me a piece of cake with his dirty hands.
The house has been valued at
over $200,000.
13
添加前缀
构词法专业知识课件

lead引导→mislead误导 understand了解→misunderstand误解
smoker吸烟者→nonsmoker不吸烟者 stop停止旳→nonstop直达旳
usual一般旳→unusual不寻常旳 willing乐意旳→unwilling不乐意旳
antiJapanese war抗日战争 antiageing抗衰老
第二部分 语法考点突破
(二)动词/名词变形容词旳常见后缀
情况 able
例词
accept→acceptable 可接受旳 comfort→comfortable 舒适旳 fashion→fashionable 时髦旳 suit→suitable 合适旳 reason→reasonable 有道理旳
music→musical 音乐旳 origin→original 最初旳 al person→personal 个人旳;私人旳 center→central 中央旳;中心旳 nature→natural 自然旳;天生旳
act→active
主动旳;活跃旳
effect→effective 有效旳;生效旳
attract→attractive 有吸引力旳
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象旳
continue→continuous 不断旳;连续旳 anxiety→anxious 忧虑旳 caution→cautious 十分小心旳;谨慎旳 curiosity→curious 好奇旳 humor→humorous 幽默旳
第二部分 语法考点突破
(六)表达否定或相反意义旳前缀和后缀
缀 dis
il
前 缀
im
in
ir
例词
agree同意→disagree不同意 advantage优点→disadvantage缺陷
smoker吸烟者→nonsmoker不吸烟者 stop停止旳→nonstop直达旳
usual一般旳→unusual不寻常旳 willing乐意旳→unwilling不乐意旳
antiJapanese war抗日战争 antiageing抗衰老
第二部分 语法考点突破
(二)动词/名词变形容词旳常见后缀
情况 able
例词
accept→acceptable 可接受旳 comfort→comfortable 舒适旳 fashion→fashionable 时髦旳 suit→suitable 合适旳 reason→reasonable 有道理旳
music→musical 音乐旳 origin→original 最初旳 al person→personal 个人旳;私人旳 center→central 中央旳;中心旳 nature→natural 自然旳;天生旳
act→active
主动旳;活跃旳
effect→effective 有效旳;生效旳
attract→attractive 有吸引力旳
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象旳
continue→continuous 不断旳;连续旳 anxiety→anxious 忧虑旳 caution→cautious 十分小心旳;谨慎旳 curiosity→curious 好奇旳 humor→humorous 幽默旳
第二部分 语法考点突破
(六)表达否定或相反意义旳前缀和后缀
缀 dis
il
前 缀
im
in
ir
例词
agree同意→disagree不同意 advantage优点→disadvantage缺陷
构词法(共29张PPT)

C Although my sister and I have a(n) 1. ________ different (differ) mother, we are 2. ________ certainly (certain) alike. This is not just a matter of 3. ___________ appearance (appear) though we are small with curly hair and have a tendency to overeat and put on weight. The resemblance goes much further than that. Throughout our 4. _________ childhood (child) we were brought up to be very adaptable and our 5. _______ ability (able) to accept change is another characteristic we share.
3. 合成代词 代词宾格/物主代词+ self/selves:herself, ourselves 某些不定代词some, any, every, no等+ body/one/thing:anyone, nothing 4. 合成介词 介词+介词:throughout, within
5. 合成副词 副词+名词:indoors, overhead, upstairs 介词+名词: beforehand(提前) 名词+形容词:sky-high 副词+介词:nearby 6. 合成动词 副词+动词:overhear, overwork, underline 名词+动词:moonwalk, sunbathe 形容词+动词:whitewash, safeguard
构词法(17张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件

一二
13. ___L_u_c_k_i_ly(lucky), the 8th grade students in Changsha had a chance to work and study at the Social Practice Base in Lianhua Town. There, students learned to care about others and do outdoor physical practice in groups.
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The south of China was _b_a_d__ly___(bad) affected by the rainstorm a short time ago. 2. Daniel often feels __s_le_e_p_y__(sleep) in class because he stays up late to do his homework every night. 3. We are not sure what caused the young girl’s _s_a_d_n_e_s_s_(sad). 4. Computers are an important _i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_(invent) for humans.
re self under over
再;又 自己;本身 在……下面 太多;过分
rethink, retell, recycle selfconfident, selfcontrol underline, underground overwork, oversize
(2)后缀
类别
后缀及含义
er, or, ess(女性) “人”
13. ___L_u_c_k_i_ly(lucky), the 8th grade students in Changsha had a chance to work and study at the Social Practice Base in Lianhua Town. There, students learned to care about others and do outdoor physical practice in groups.
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The south of China was _b_a_d__ly___(bad) affected by the rainstorm a short time ago. 2. Daniel often feels __s_le_e_p_y__(sleep) in class because he stays up late to do his homework every night. 3. We are not sure what caused the young girl’s _s_a_d_n_e_s_s_(sad). 4. Computers are an important _i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_(invent) for humans.
re self under over
再;又 自己;本身 在……下面 太多;过分
rethink, retell, recycle selfconfident, selfcontrol underline, underground overwork, oversize
(2)后缀
类别
后缀及含义
er, or, ess(女性) “人”
英语课件英语构词法课件36页PPT

superstar,supermarket, superman, superpower overoverhead, overeat, overuse miniminibus, miniskirt, mini-car underunderground, underestimate semi-(半,部分) semicircle, semiskilled,
英语构词法
英语构词法种类
英语构词法主要有三种: 转化、合成与派生。
另外还有截短、缩合等。
1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。
water n. 水 ------ water vt. 浇水
常见的转化形式: 动词 --- 名词 名词 --- 动词
动词----名词
stop vt. 停止 --- n.车站 love vt. 爱 --- n. 爱 Watch vt. 观看 --- n. 手表 record vt. 录音 --- n. 纪录 comb vt. 梳理(头发) --- n. 梳子 abuse vt. 辱骂 --- n. 辱骂
handful(一把)
4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone --- phone influenza [ˌinfluˈenzə] --- flu. 流行性感冒
5. 缩合 :
是指把两个或两个以上的词各取 一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。
smoke and fog ---- smog 烟雾 Test of English as a foreign language
5. advertisement (n.)广告→advertise(v.) → advertiser(n.)登广告的人
6. equal(adj.)平等的→ equally(adv.) → equality(n.)相等,平等
英语构词法
英语构词法种类
英语构词法主要有三种: 转化、合成与派生。
另外还有截短、缩合等。
1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。
water n. 水 ------ water vt. 浇水
常见的转化形式: 动词 --- 名词 名词 --- 动词
动词----名词
stop vt. 停止 --- n.车站 love vt. 爱 --- n. 爱 Watch vt. 观看 --- n. 手表 record vt. 录音 --- n. 纪录 comb vt. 梳理(头发) --- n. 梳子 abuse vt. 辱骂 --- n. 辱骂
handful(一把)
4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone --- phone influenza [ˌinfluˈenzə] --- flu. 流行性感冒
5. 缩合 :
是指把两个或两个以上的词各取 一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。
smoke and fog ---- smog 烟雾 Test of English as a foreign language
5. advertisement (n.)广告→advertise(v.) → advertiser(n.)登广告的人
6. equal(adj.)平等的→ equally(adv.) → equality(n.)相等,平等
构词法公开课ppt课件

action education ability possibility scientist artist illness happiness warmth growth
13
Derivation 派生法
形容词后缀: -ful -ly
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
unrealistic
= un-
+ real + -istic
physically
= physical
+ -ly
impossible
= im- + possible
10
Derivation 派生法
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
Work in groups to find out the derivative words(派生词) in the passage and fill in the blanks.
words with suffix(后 缀)
words with prefix(前 缀)
Derivative words
n.
swimmer
adj.
adv.
11
Derivation 派生法
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
名词后缀:-er, -or, -ment, -ship, -hood
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
常见的前缀
18
(A)表示否定的前缀: un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker
(常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-informal, inhuman, indirect
构词法 ppt课件

Word-formation
1. Compounding (合成法) 2. Derivation 派生词 3. Conversion转化法 4.Clipping截短法 5. Blends混合法
1. Compounding (合成法)
Weekend 周末 handwriting 书法 pain-killer 止痛药 three-year-old三岁的 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 sleep-walk梦游
(6) -an: African, Russian
(7) -ese: Chinese, Japanese
(8) -ess: princess, waitress
(9) -ant: accountant, applicant
attendant (10) -er: (工具)container, speaker 喇叭, washer洗衣机/洗碗机, cooker 厨具
4.Clipping截短法
1.截头
telephone →phone airplane →plane
2.去尾
mathematics→ maths
examination→exam
kilogram→ kilo
laboratory →lab
taxicab→ taxi
3.截头去尾
influenza→ flu
(6)-th: faith, warmth, (7)-dom: kingdom, wisdom, (8)-sm: enthusiasm, nationalism, (9)-ance: importance, romance (10)-ence: intelligence, violence, (11)-ery: bravery, slavery, (12)-th: length, strength, warmth,
1. Compounding (合成法) 2. Derivation 派生词 3. Conversion转化法 4.Clipping截短法 5. Blends混合法
1. Compounding (合成法)
Weekend 周末 handwriting 书法 pain-killer 止痛药 three-year-old三岁的 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 sleep-walk梦游
(6) -an: African, Russian
(7) -ese: Chinese, Japanese
(8) -ess: princess, waitress
(9) -ant: accountant, applicant
attendant (10) -er: (工具)container, speaker 喇叭, washer洗衣机/洗碗机, cooker 厨具
4.Clipping截短法
1.截头
telephone →phone airplane →plane
2.去尾
mathematics→ maths
examination→exam
kilogram→ kilo
laboratory →lab
taxicab→ taxi
3.截头去尾
influenza→ flu
(6)-th: faith, warmth, (7)-dom: kingdom, wisdom, (8)-sm: enthusiasm, nationalism, (9)-ance: importance, romance (10)-ence: intelligence, violence, (11)-ery: bravery, slavery, (12)-th: length, strength, warmth,
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super- 超级,上层subway
sur- 表面
supermarket, superior
tele- 远
surface, surname, surround
的trans- 横穿 ,通过telephone, telegram, television
tri- 三
transplant, transport, transform
greenhouse
温室
walkout
罢工
black hole
黑洞
mad-doctorห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
神经科医生
pig iron
生铁
the Milky
银河
3.W合a y成词的形式:连写,分写,连字符。(美语多不
用连字符,英语多用连字符;有些合成词取得固定地
位后,连写。)
派生法 --- 词缀法
1 . 加前缀的构词法 :
名词性后缀
-ness 状态, 性 质
-ment 行为, 结 果 -ship 状态
happiness, illness, selfishness, sadness darkness, carelessness, endlessness , speechlessness
equipment, entertainment, amusement, excitement, agreement, management, argument
active, creative, negative, positive, expensive
manlike, childlike, warlike
-ly
有…性质的
-ous
有…性质的
-some
易于…的, 引起…的
-y
充满,性质
friendly, lovely, motherly, brotherly, hourly dangerous, humorous, harmonious, famous
room spaceship
highway hotdog
handwriting get-
working-
greenhouse together
people
breakdown dinning room
msuandfmowaner
overcoat
sleeping car
2. 合成动词
safe-guard
under- 在下面 ,不triangle, tricycle
足
underground, undergraduate 本科
vice- 副
生
的
vice-president
2 . 后缀
游客 tour ist
:
名词性后缀
visit or
travel e
- e r, 人,物
s i n g e r, worker, listen er r f yer, recorder , con tain er cl ea n e r 清洁工
sometimes alongside beforehand Nearby maybe forever
有时地 并排地 事先地 附近地
注意:
1. 一个词可和多个词合成
handbag, handball, handwriting, handmade
2. 合成词的含义未必是每个部分的意思的叠加,有的
有引申,有的有特殊含义,有的意思相反。
pre- (前pr)e-reading, p r e f i g g t , preliberation re-( 重新 )rewrite, re c o n s id e r, reuse
in-( 不i)nexpensive, indirect, incorrect,
indcirse- (d 不 disagree discover disappe
recor d
clea n
n . 记 He broke the record.
v录.
记录
He lies to record something while reading a book.
a d j . 干净 Please keep tidy and clean.
v. 清扫 You have to clean the blackboard after class.
troublesome, tiresome, awesome 令人敬畏的
rainy, dirty, sunny, cloudy, sandy, snowy, sleepy, healthy, girly
副词后缀: -ly , -
wards
a d j-
-ly 以…为方式 slowly, happily, simply
colorless, wonderless, useless, careless, hopeless, painless, joyless, thoughtless , speechless
-en
由…制成的
-ed
有…特征的
-an
来自
-ive
… 性质的
-like 像…的
woolen, wooden, golden blue-eyed, long-haired, blonde-haired, left-handed, European, American, Australian
leadership, friendship, ownership
-hood
状态,时间范 围,区域范围
childhood, brotherhood, fatherhood
-logy 学科
-ion 动作 , 状 态 -th 状态
-ian 专家
-ism 主义
-dom 状态 , 领
biology, psychology, geology 地质学
形容词词性的词缀: - a b l e , -cal, -
isg, - like, -ful, -ous, -al
-(a)ble, agreeable, payable, readable , visible,
可…的
reasonable
-cal
与…有关的
political, musical, practical
多 over- 过 mistrust
多
multinational,
movuelrtwipgleelmo vee r s u p p l y, odve r c omeoukl,tip l
cgoice
semi- 半
semi-circle, semiweekly, semi-
sub- 在…下面 colon
- o r,
,清洗剂 / 器
人,物
visitor, actor, editor
-ess,
actress, waitress,
女性
gostess, princess
-ist, 从事…的 人,信仰 者
scientist, socialist ,artist, pianist, violinist , tourist, psycgologist, cgemist, dentist, Marxist
捍卫
half-understand 一知半解
white-wash 粉刷
undergo
忍受
overcome dry-clean
sleepwalk
sunbathe
3 . 合成形容词
long-haired 长发的
first-class 一流的
snow-white
hand-made 雪白的
five-year-old 手工的
构词法
构词法:
合成 (Compounding)
派生法( Derivation )
转化法( Conversion )
合成法:
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成次的构成 大致有以下几种情况。
1. 合成名词
greenhouse efect, greenhouse climate
reading-
schoolgirl get-together
discussion , decision, dictation, organization
length, width, growth, truth ,death musician socialism , communism , realism, modernism kingdom, freedom, wisdom
-ish,
国家的, 有…性质的
childish, boyish, girlish, foolish, British, Polish English ,selfish, Jewish
-ful
充满…的
-less
缺乏…的
colorful, wonderful, useful, careful, hopeful, painful, joyful, thoughtful
im)u-n(- (不不) )i mapro s s i b l e , impolite
untie, unfair,
anti - 反,防 antifreeze, a n t i v i r u s
auto - 自动的 a u tob ik e ,
fore- 预先,
a u toma tio
前 co- 共
n foresee, foregead
同inter- 互相,之间coinotpeerrnaattei,ocnoa-l,owner
minitneir-a小ct型 miniskir t, m i n i b u s
的 mis- 错 misuse,