江西临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三英语第一次联考试题(扫描版)

江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三英语第一次联考试题(扫描版)江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考英语参考答案一、听力1-5 BABCC 6-10 BCAAB11-15ACCBA 16-20 AABCB 二、阅读理解21-23ADB 24-27 DABC 28-31BCCB 32-35 CADD 36-40 FEADG三、完形填空41-45BDACB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 ACBDA 56-60CBDAC四、语法填空61. families 62. Their 63. that 64. valuable 65. to avoid66. than 67. satisfied 68. by 69. talking 70. be thrown五、短文改错 Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China. The cashless trend had never been more popular. With the widespread use of mobile payment, Wechat and Alipayare two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay. People rarely need to carry a wallet and cash at all. They are used to paying by scan QR codes(二维码) whenconsuming. As result, people will never worry about the consequence which they mayget fake notes. Besides, people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments.Mobile payment is winning over plenty its convenience. So far mobilepayment has great changed people's life in China.六、书面表达One possible version:hassafest orscanning thatthey consumersDear Bill,I’m glad to receive your letter. Thanks for your best wishes! In the letter you asked me about the color red used in our Spring Fest ival. I’m writing to tell you something interesting about that.Red is a symbol of happiness and good fortune in our traditional culture. Therefore, you can see people wear red new clothes and pasted red couplets on doors against evils, hoping good fortune in the new year. The firecrackers set off to scare away a monster named “Nian” are red as well. Meanwhile, people hang red lanterns, creating the atmosphere of festival. Additionally, our senior citizens give their children lucky money in red packets.Welcome to China to experience our unique Spring Festival.Best wishes!Yours sincerely,Li Hua评卷细则一、机器阅卷部分(共100分)1-20题,共20小题,每小题1.5分,共计30分。

21-40题,共20小题,每小题2分,共计40分。

41-60题,共20小题,每小题1.5分,共计30分。

二、人工阅卷部分(共50分)(一)语言知识运用第二节61-70题,共10小题,每小题1.5分,共计15分。

1.单词拼写正确、形式正确,每小题给1.5分。

2.英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

3.若只写出单词的原形,但形式不正确,不给分(若字母的大、小写出错,视为错误)。

4.若书写较差以致影响评判,不给分。

5.若不在指定答题位置答题,不给分。

6.若用铅笔答题,不给分。

(二)短文改错共10小题,每小题1分,共计10分。

1.每找准一处错误,改错符号正确、答案正确、且答案写在指定的位置,给1分,不能出现给半分的现象。

只允许修改10处错误,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

若字母的大、小写出错,视为错误。

2.若找准错误,改错符号正确,但答案不正确,不给分。

3.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词,若与此不符,不给分。

4.若找准错误,答案正确,但改错符号不正确,或没有改错符号,或答案未写在指定的位置,不给分。

5.若字母的大、小写出错,不给分。

6.若一处错误用两种改错符号,不给分。

7.用文字表述答案,或不用指定符号改错,不给分。

8.凡与该题参考答案不符者,不给分。

9.若用铅笔答题,不给分。

注意:1.给分前,先确定考生改正的错误个数。

若多于10处,只评前10处,从第11处起,无论考生答对与否,均不给分。

2.若考生未找够10个错误,按其改正的正确处的个数给分。

3.若考生改错的顺序与答案不一致,但改错的数量在10个以内,按其改正的正确处的个数给分。

(三)书面表达1.评分原则(1)本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。

(2)评分时,首先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。

(3)词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去2分。

(4)评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。

(5)拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

(6)如果书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。

(7)如果时态出错较多,从得分中扣除3-5分。

(8)用铅笔答题,不给分。

2.各档次的给分范围和要求(1)第五档:21-25分。

完全达到了试题规定的任务,完全达到了预期的写作目的。

●覆盖所有内容要点。

●应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

●语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂的结构或较高级词汇所致。

●具备较强的语言应用能力。

●有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

(2)第四档:16-20分。

完全达到了试题规定的任务,达到了预期的写作目的。

●虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。

●应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

●语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂的语法结构或词汇所致。

●应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

(3)第三档:11-15分。

基本完成了试题规定的任务,整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。

●虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。

●应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

●有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。

●应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。

(4)第二档:6-10分。

未恰当完成试题规定的任务,信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

●漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关的内容。

●语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

●有一些语法结构方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。

●较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。

(5)第一档:1-5分。

未完成试题规定的任务,信息未能传达给读者。

●明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。

●语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

●有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。

●缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。

(6)0分未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求的内容无关或所写内容无法看清。

答案解析一、听力原文Text 1M: What a lovely song! May I have one more dance with you, Miss Bennet?W: My pleasure, Mr. Bingley.Text 2W: Have you had a good time in Shanghai Disneyland?M: Waiting in lines take most part of this so called ”happy journey”. I tell you I’d never go to that place again.Text 3W: You look dreadful. You should have slept early last night instead of hanging out in the pub so late.M: What are you talking about? I’d never waste my precious Friday night just lying on the bed.Text 4W: Wanna grab a beer after work, Tony?M: No, Dorothy, I promised my mum I’d come right back home when I’m off.W: Hmm, Mummy’s good boy, aren’t you? Come on! We can have some beer and then go to the dancing club!M: Alright. Beer is fine, but no dancing, okay?Text 5W: What’s your secret of making this amazing roasted beef, Mr. Pike? Look at the melting cheese on the meat! So tempting!M: Well, most people think it’s the spice I use, but I tell you Nancy, the key always lies in the red wine I add.Text 6M: Can you tell me the details of what happened, Miss Marple?W: I was waiting outside of the bank. And, through the window, I saw the robber approach the cashier, pull out a gun, and demand that she hand over all the money from the drawer. Then he shot at the guard before running out and getting in a car. M: Do you still remember the license plate number of that car?W: It’s BD16SMJ.M: Thanks for your information, Miss Marple. Please contact us if you remember anything more.W: I will.Text 7M: Fancy a big juicy steak, Stacy?W: No, thanks. I don’t eat meat.M: Since when you became a vegetarian?W: I watched a documentary about all the animals we keep for a few years ago, and it’s just brutal!M: I see. But it’s hard to find a vegetarian friendly restaurant in this small town, isn’t it?W: Yeah, so most of the time I cook for myself.M: Wow! It’s been years since I tried some home-made food! What do you say we go back to your place and you cook something for me?W: Only if you don’t mind if all you eat is leaves and fruits.M: Perfect! Let’s go!Text 8W: I’m so sorry, I’m late, Mr. Stone.M: I think I did ask Miss Jones to inform everyone that the meeting started at eleven o’clock sharp. Now ten minutes have passed already.W: I’m really sorry, Mr. Stone. It’s raining cats and dogs and I had to wait ages for a taxi.M: Is finding excuses the only thing you’re good at? You should know there won’t always be sunshine waiting for you outside. And look at last month’s performance of your department. How many products have you and your team sold out, if I may ask? W: I’m sorry...M: I didn’t pay you to apologize. If you can’t change the current situation, I’m afraid you’re not needed here anymore.Text 9M: What made you join the Tai Chi club, Monica?W: I used to like to play volleyball and tennis, now I just want to try a sport which is not that intense for a change.M: Why didn’t you choose yoga? It’s very popular nowadays and also involves less physical intensity.W: Well, another reason why I chose Tai Chi was because I always have a fascinating with Chinese culture.M: How does Tai Chi related to Chinese culture? I thought it’s just a way of exercise. W: It’s more than that. The core concept of Tai Chi is to find balance in your life. Like if you eat too much, you’ll become overweight; but if you don’t eat enough,you’ll suffer other health problems . The key is “never too much nor too less”. M: Wow, that ’s deep. But do you get tired after you do Tai Chi? I know you have heavy work.W: Quite the opposite. After playing Tai Chi, my mind is more relaxed and it’s much easier for me to get focused.Text 10M:Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of math teaching in a Government drive to stop British kids falling behind their Asian competitors.Previous tests have shown the average math ability of 15-year-olds in Shanghai, China is three years more advanced and complex than that of 15-year-olds in the U.K. Under the Government’s new plans, children as young as five will have to practise sums and exercises, and must master each concept through repetition before moving to the next.Nick Gibb, Minister of State for Schools announced that training would be provide for 8,000 primary school--half of the country’s total--to switch to the Shanghai “mastery”approach. “I am confident that the steps we are taking now will ensure young people are properly prepared for further study and the 21st-century workplace.” he said.There are also some other voices. Critics complain that this “progressive”math-teaching style which focuses on practice and repetition is difficult to apply to real-life situations. They say that the reform would lead to confusion, and could even stop children from learning the basics and enjoying the subject.二、阅读理解A本文是一篇2018年度书评。

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江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考数学(文)试题

江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考数学(文)试题

江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考数学试卷(文)注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上,认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号,并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。

2.选择题答案使用2B 铅笔填涂,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案的标号;非选择题答案使用0.5毫米的黑色中性(签字)笔或碳素笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.考生必须按照题号在答题卡各题号相对应的答题区域内(黑色线框)作答,写在草稿纸上、超出答题区域或非题号对应的答题区域的答案一律无效。

4.保持卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损。

5.做选考题时,考生按照题目要求作答,并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的题号涂黑。

满分:150分时间:120分钟一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知复数z 满足()1z i i =-=,则z =( )A.2B.1D.22.已知p :()(){}120A x x x =-->,q :{}0B x x a =-≤,若p 是q 的必要不充分条件,则实数a 的取值范围为( ) A.[)2,+∞B.()2,+∞C.(],1-∞D.(),1-∞3.双曲线22221x y a b-=的渐近线方程为y =,则该双曲线的离心率为( )B.24.《九章算术》勾股章有一“引葭赴岸”问题:“今有池方两丈,葭生其中央,出水两尺,引葭赴岸,适与岸齐.问水深、葭长各几何.”其意思是:有一水池宽两丈,池正中央生有一颗类似芦苇的植物,露出水面两尺,若把它引向岸边,正好与岸边齐(如图所示),问水有多深,该植物有多长?其中一丈为十尺.若从该葭上随机取一点,则该点取自水下的概率为( )A.910B.1213C.1314D.14155.《道路交通安全法》规定:机动车行经人形横道时,应当减速慢行;遇到行人正在通过人形横道,应当停车让行,俗称“礼让斑马线”为了研究不“礼让斑马线”的驾驶人数y 与x 月份的关系,工作人员提取了某十字路口监控设备所抓拍的一月份到五月份的数据,根据测量数据的散点图可以看出y 与x 之间有线性相关关系,设其回归直线方程为y a bx =+.已知51500ii y==∑,8b =-.据此估计该路口十二月份的不“礼让斑马线”的驾驶人数为( ) A.27B.28C.29D.306.下列结论中正确..的有( )个 ①若函数()f x 的定义域为[]1,2,则函数()2cos f x 的定义域为2,233k k ππππ⎡⎤-++⎢⎥⎣⎦,k Z ∈;②函数tan 14y x π⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭的一个对称中心为3,14π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭;③函数21sin sin 4y x x =-+64x ππ⎛⎫-≤≤ ⎪⎝⎭的值域为3,142⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦; A.0 B.1C.2D.37.函数sin 26y x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭的图象向右平移θ个单位得到偶函数()g x ,将满足条件的θ输入如图所示的程序框图中,则输出y =( )A.B.2-C.12-或8.直三棱柱111ABC A B C -的体积为16AA =,60ABC ∠=︒,则该直三棱柱的外接球的表面积的最小值为( ) A.10πB.25πC.1253π D.100π9.当a b ⨯(a b ≤且,a b N *∈)是正整数n 的最小分解时,我们定义函数()f n b a =-,例如正整数20表示成两个正整数的乘积有120,210,45⨯⨯⨯三种,其中45⨯是这三种分解中两数差的绝对值最小的,我们称45⨯为20的最小分解,()20541f =-=,则数列(){}5nf 的前101项和为( )A.5251-B.5151-C.5051-D.4951-10.若不等式组360x y x y ππ+≤⎧⎪⎪≥⎨⎪≥⎪⎩表示的平面区域内存在点(),x y 使()sin 0x y x y a +-+-<成立,则a 的取值范围为( ) A.1,62π⎛⎫-+∞⎪⎝⎭B.3π⎛⎫-+∞⎪ ⎪⎝⎭C.1,2π⎛⎫-+∞⎪⎝⎭D.23π⎛⎫+∞⎪ ⎪⎝⎭11.已知a ,b ,c 是平面向量,e 是单位向量.若非零向量a 与e 的夹角为4π,向量b 满足22650b e b e -⋅+=,则a b -的最小值是( )2B.2C.2 D.22-12.设函数()3223,01,0xx x x f x axe x ⎧-+>⎪=⎨-+≤⎪⎩,其中0a >,若()f x a ≤对x R ∈恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围为( ) A.(]0,1B.0,1e e ⎛⎤⎥-⎝⎦C.[)1,+∞D.,1e e ⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢-⎣⎭二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知ABC ∆中,c =1b =,30B =︒,则C 等于________.14.已知点)A及抛物线24x y =上一动点(),B x y ,则y AB +的最小值为________.15.如右图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图,则该多面体的表面积为________.19.(本小题满分12分)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 为菱形,60DAB ∠=︒,PD ⊥底面ABCD ,2PD DC ==,E ,F ,G 分别是AB ,PB ,CD 的中点.(1)求证:AC PB ⊥;(2)求证;GF平面PAD ;(3)求点G 到平面PAB 的距离.20.(本小题满分12分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,椭圆C :22221x y a b+=()0a b >>的左、右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,P 为椭圆上一点(在x 轴上方),连结1PF 并延长交椭圆于另一点Q ,设11PF FQ λ=.(1)若点P 的坐标为(,且12PF F ∆的周长为6,求椭圆C 的方程; (2)若2PF 垂直于x 轴,且[]3,5λ∈,求椭圆离心率e 的取值范围.21.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()()2ln 1f x x x a x =-++,其中0a > (1)求函数()f x 的单调区间;(2)若函数()f x 有两个极值点1x ,2x 且12x x <,证明:()2212133ln 14242f x x x +>-+-.选做题(请考生在第22、23两题中任选一题作答,如果全做,则按所做的第一题评分,作答时填写清题号)22.(本小题满分10分)选修4-4:极坐标与参数方程在平面直角坐标系中,曲线1C的参数方程1cos sin x a y b ϕϕ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(ϕ为参数),在以O 为极点,x 轴的正半轴为极轴的坐标系中,曲线2C 是圆心在极轴上,且经过极点的圆,已知1C上的点3,2M ⎛⎝对应的参数3πϕ=,射线3πθ=()0ρ>与曲线2C 交于点1,3D π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭(1)求曲线1C ,2C 的直角坐标方程;(2)将曲线1C 向左平移1个单位得到曲线3C ,若点()1,A ρθ,2,2B πρθ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭在曲线3C 上,求22121ρρ+的值. 23.(本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲 已知函数()44f x x x =+--(1)解不等式()3f x <;(2)当x R ∈,01a <<时,证明:()221f x a a≤+-.江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考文数试卷答案 一.选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分)13.60︒或120︒14.315.28+16.1三、解答题:(本大题共6小题,共70分).17.解:(1)化简得233nn S =+所以,1233a =+,故13a =, 当1n >时,11233n n S --=+,此时,1122233n n n n n a S S --=-=-,即13n n a -=,所以,13,13,1n n n a n -=⎧=⎨>⎩……………………4分(2)因为3log n n n a b a =,所以113b = 当1n >时,()11133log 313nn n n b n ---==-所以1113T b ==……………………5分当1n >时,()12112311323133nn n T b b b b n ---⎡⎤=+++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅+=+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅+-⨯⎣⎦.………6分 所以()01231132313nn T n --⎡⎤=+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅+-⨯⎣⎦两式相减得()()101211122131363233313133313623n n n nn nn T n n -------+⎡⎤=+++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅+--=+--=-⎣⎦-⨯ 所以113211243n n n T -+=-⋅ ……………………12分18.(1)由题意,实体店销量低于45件共有()0.0120.0140.0240.034510042+++⨯⨯=(天),网点销售量低于45件的天数为()0.0040.02510012+⨯⨯=(天),实体店和网点销售量都低于45件的天数为1000.110⨯=(天),故实体店和网点至少有一边销售量低于45的天数为42121044+-=(天)…4分(2)由题意,设该门市一天售出x 件,则获利为501200130050x x -≥⇒≥ 设该门市一天获利不低于1300元为事件A ,则()()()500.0680.0460.010.00850.66P A P x =≥=+++⨯= 故该网点一天获利不低于1300元的概率为0.66.……………………8分(3)因为实体店销售量频率分布直方图中,销售量低于45的直方图面积为()0.0120.0140.0240.03450.420.5+++⨯=<销售量低于50的直方图面积为()0.0120.0140.0240.0340.0450.620.5++++⨯=>,销售量的中位数的估计值为0.50.4245470.04-+=(件)……………………12分19.(1)∵ABCD 是菱形∴AC BD ⊥ ∵PD ⊥面ABCD ∴PD AC ⊥又∵BD PD D ⋂=∴AC PBD ⊥∴AC PB ⊥……………………4分(2)∵EF PA ,EF ⊄面PAD ∴EF 面PAD∵EGDA ,EG ⊄面PAD ∴EG 面PAD又∵EF EG E ⋂=∴面EFG 面APD ∴GF 面PAD……………………8分(3)设点G 到平面PAB 的距离为h ∵DCAB ,DC ⊄面PAB ∴DC 面PAB∴1133G PAB D PAB ABD PAB v v S PD h S --∆∆==⋅=⋅∴12222ABD S ∆=⨯⨯⨯=122PAB S ∆=⨯=∴7h =……………………12分20.解:(1)因为1F ,2F 为椭圆C 的两焦点,且P 为椭圆上的点, 所以1C 的直角坐标方程为()(22114y x --+=……………………2分设2C 的直角坐标方程为()222x m y m -+=,3πθ=即射线y =()0x >,1,3D π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标12⎛ ⎝⎭,代入2C 可解得:1m =,所以2C 的直角坐标方程为()2211x y -+=, ………4分(2)依题意可知3C :2214y x +=. ………5分因为点()1,A ρθ,2,4B πρθ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭在曲线3C 上. 而A ,B 的直角坐标分别为()11cos ,sin ρθρθ,()22sin ,cos ρθρθ- 所以:222211sin cos 14ρθρθ+=①222222cos sin 14ρθρθ+=②得到22211sin cos 4θθρ=+,22221cos sin 4θθρ=+相加得到22121154ρρ+=……………………10分23.解析:(1)解:由已知可得:()8,42,448,4x f x x x x ≥⎧⎪=-<<⎨⎪-≤-⎩,所()3f x <的解集为32x x ⎧⎫<⎨⎬⎩⎭……………………4分 (2)证明:由(Ⅰ)知,448x x +-+≤,……………………5分由于01a <<,则()()212222214111a a a a a a a a a a-⎛⎫+=++-=++⎡⎤ ⎪⎣⎦---⎝⎭ 448≥+=, 则有22441x x a a+--≤+- ……………………10分从而12PF F ∆的周长为22a c +. 由题意,得226a c +=,即3a c +=. 又点P的坐标为(所以,得23b =. 且222a b c =+,故24a =,21c =所以椭圆C 的方程为22143x y +=. ……………………4分(2)因为2PF x ⊥轴,且P 在x 轴上方,故设()0,P c y ,00y >.设()11,Q x y .因为P 在椭圆上,所以220221y c a b +=,解得20b y a =,即2,b P c a ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭.因为()1,0F c -,所以212,b PFc a ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭,()111,FQ x c y =+. 由11PF FQ λ=,得()12c x c λ-=+,21b y a λ-=, 解得12x c λλ+=-,21b y a λ=-,所以22,b Q c a λλλ⎛⎫+-- ⎪⎝⎭. ……………………8分因为点Q 在椭圆上,所以2222221b e a λλλ+⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,即()()222221e e λλ++-=,()222431e λλλ++=-.因为10λ+≠,所以()231e λλ+=-,从而213e λλ-=+ ……………………10分因为[]3,5λ∈,所以211,32e ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦. 所以e的取值范围是,32⎣⎦……………………12分21.解:(1)()f x 的定义域为()1,-+∞,()()2212111x x a af x x x x ++-'=-+=++. …………1分 令()221g x x x a =++-,()18198a a ∆=--=-①0∆≤即98a ≥,即()0g x ≥,即()0f x '>,当且仅当98a =,14x =-时()0f x '= 所以()f x 在()1,-+∞单调递增……………………2分②当908a <<时0∆>且()10g ->,()0g x =的两根11x =>-,21x =>-,()11,x x ∈-,()0g x >,即()0f x '>,()f x 在()11,x -单调递增,()12,x x x ∈,()0g x <,即()0f x '<,()f x 在()12,x x 单调递减,()2,x x ∈+∞,()0g x >,即()0f x '>,()f x 在()2,x +∞单调递增综合上述①98a ≥时,()f x 的单调增区间为()1,-+∞ ②908a <<时,()f x的单调增区间为⎛- ⎝⎭,⎫+∞⎪⎪⎝⎭,单调减区间为⎝⎭. ……………………4分(2)由(1)可知,()f x 有两个极值点1x ,2x ,则908a <<,且12112211124111242x x x a x x x ⎧⎧+=--<<-⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎨-⎪⎪=-<<⎪⎪⎩⎩则122221221x x a x x ⎧=--⎪⎨⎪=--+⎩ ……………………6分()()()()2222222222222221221ln 12ln 121111222x x x x x f x x x x a x x x x x ++--+++-+++==+⎛⎫---- ⎪⎝⎭()()22221ln 1x x x =--+令()()()1121ln 142t x x x x x ⎛⎫=--+-<< ⎪⎝⎭……………………8分.()()()21312ln 112ln 111x t x x x x x -⎛⎫'=-++=-+-+ ⎪++⎝⎭()()232011t x x x ''=--<++,则()t x '在11,42⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭单调递减 ……………………10分.()1312ln 12ln 22ln 3022t x t ⎛⎫⎛⎫''>=-=+-> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,则()t x 在11,42⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭单调递减()()1133ln 4424t t x t x ⎛⎫-<⇒-+< ⎪⎝⎭则()2212133ln 14242f x x x +-+<-.……………………12分22.(1)把3,2M ⎛ ⎝与对应的参数=3πϕ代入1C 的参数方程中得到12a b =⎧⎨=⎩,。

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高考地理一模试卷解析版

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高考地理一模试卷解析版

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高考地理一模试卷一、单选题(本大题共11小题,共22.0分)1.如图是秋季强台风“山竹”来临时的区域风向示意图,2018年9月16日至17日台风“山竹”正面袭击珠江三角洲沿海,给当地居民生产、生活带来严重影响。

据此完成1-3题。

据统计,秋台风的数量虽不如夏季台风数量多,但秋季更易生成超强台风,其最主要的原因是()A. 地转偏向力增强B. 低纬度海区海水温度高C. 亚欧大陆气压升高D. 地表植被凋零,阻力小2.如图是秋季强台风“山竹”来临时的区域风向示意图,2018年9月16日至17日台风“山竹”正面袭击珠江三角洲沿海,给当地居民生产、生活带来严重影响。

据此完成1-3题。

台风“山竹”移动路径与原来预测路径相比出现北移,造成该现象的最主要影响的原因是()A. 副热带高气压B. 海水温度C. 地转偏向力D. 地面摩擦力3.如图是秋季强台风“山竹”来临时的区域风向示意图,2018年9月16日至17日台风“山竹”正面袭击珠江三角洲沿海,给当地居民生产、生活带来严重影响。

据此完成1-3题。

图示时刻,雷州半岛主导风向最可能为()A. 东南风B. 西南风C. 东北风D. 西北风4.“棒棒”是指以竹棒和绳索为劳动工具,在城市爬坡上坎、流动揽活,专门为市民日常生活、商业活动提供零星搬运劳务服务的打工农民。

“棒棒”群体的工作形式不同于其他的打工族,更不同于城市工矿企业的工人。

他们主要活动于街头、菜市场、汽车站、码头、家电商场等,承担了城市人不愿意干的以苦、累、险为特征的工作。

据此完成4-6题。

“棒棒军”最可能出现的城市是()A. 深圳B. 成都C. 兰州D. 重庆5.“棒棒”是指以竹棒和绳索为劳动工具,在城市爬坡上坎、流动揽活,专门为市民日常生活、商业活动提供零星搬运劳务服务的打工农民。

“棒棒”群体的工作形式不同于其他的打工族,更不同于城市工矿企业的工人。

2019届江西省临川一中,南昌二中,临川二中等九校重点中学高三第三次联考数学(文)试题(解析版)

2019届江西省临川一中,南昌二中,临川二中等九校重点中学高三第三次联考数学(文)试题(解析版)

2019届江西省临川一中,师大附中,南昌二中,临川二中等九校重点中学高三第三次联考数学(文)试题一、单选题1.已知集合,,则()A.B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】先化简集合,再利用交集的定义求解即可.【详解】因为,,所以,故选B.【点睛】研究集合问题,一定要抓住元素,看元素应满足的属性.研究两集合的关系时,关键是将两集合的关系转化为元素间的关系,本题实质求满足属于集合且属于集合的元素的集合.2.若,则复数在复平面内对应的点位于()A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限【答案】D【解析】利用复数的除法运算法则:分子、分母同乘以分母的共轭复数,化简复数,由复数的几何意义可得结果.【详解】因为,所以在复平面内对应的点为,位于第四象限,故选D.【点睛】复数是高考中的必考知识,主要考查复数的概念及复数的运算.要注意对实部、虚部的理解,掌握纯虚数、共轭复数、复数的模这些重要概念,复数的运算主要考查除法运算,通过分母实数化转化为复数的乘法,运算时特别要注意多项式相乘后的化简,防止简单问题出错,造成不必要的失分.3.为比较甲、乙两名高二学生的数学素养,对课程标准中规定的数学六大素养进行指标测验(指标值满分为5分,分值高者为优),根据测验情况绘制了如图所示的六大素养指标雷达图,则下面叙述正确的是()A.乙的数据分析素养优于甲B.乙的数学建模素养优于数学抽象素养C.甲的六大素养整体水平优于乙D.甲的六大素养中数据分析最差【答案】C【解析】根据题目所给图像,填写好表格,由表格数据选出正确选项.【详解】根据雷达图得到如下数据:由数据可知选C.【点睛】本题考查统计问题,考查数据处理能力和应用意识.4.已知点,是抛物线:上的两点,且线段过抛物线的焦点,若的中点到轴的距离为2,则()A.2 B.4 C.6 D.8【答案】C【解析】利用抛物线的抛物线的定义写出弦长公式,利用中点横坐标来求得弦长. 【详解】设,,则,而的中点的横坐标为,所以.故选C.【点睛】本题考查直线与抛物线的位置关系,以及抛物线的定义和性质,考查运算求解能力和化归与转化的数学思想.5.已知向量,满足,且,,则向量与的夹角为()A.B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】对两边平方,求得,所以.画出图像,根据图像确定与的夹角,并根据它补角的正切值求得对应的角的大小.【详解】因为,所以,即,所以.如图,设,,则向量与的夹角为,因为,所以,.故选B.【点睛】本题考查平面向量的模以及夹角问题,考查运算求解能力,考查数形结合的数学思想方法.属于中档题.6.如图,,分别是边长为4的等边的中线,圆是的内切圆,线段与圆交于点.在中随机取一点,则此点取自图中阴影部分的概率是()A.B.C.D.【答案】A【解析】利用等边三角形中心的性质,求得内切圆的半径和阴影部分面积,再根据几何概型计算公式计算出所求的概率.【详解】在中,,,因为,所以,即圆的半径为,由此可得图中阴影部分的面积等于,的面积为,故所求概率.故选A.【点睛】本题考查几何概型问题,考查数据处理能力和应用意识.属于中档题.7.若实数,满足约束条件,设的最大值与最小值分别为,,则()A.B.C.D.【答案】D【解析】由约束条件作出可行域,化目标函数为直线方程的斜截式,数形结合得到最优解,联立方程组求得最优解的坐标,把最优解的坐标代入目标函数得最大值与最小值,从而可得结果.【详解】画出表示的可行域,如图,由,由,将变形为,平移直线,由图可知当直经过点时,直线在轴上的截距分别最大、最小,分别有最小值与最大值为,,故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查线性规划中,利用可行域求目标函数的最值,属于简单题.求目标函数最值的一般步骤是“一画、二移、三求”:(1)作出可行域(一定要注意是实线还是虚线);(2)找到目标函数对应的最优解对应点(在可行域内平移变形后的目标函数,最先通过或最后通过的顶点就是最优解);(3)将最优解坐标代入目标函数求出最值.8.已知等比数列的前项和为,若,,则()A.280 B.300 C.320 D.340【答案】B【解析】由,,列方程组求出,利用可得结果.【详解】设等比数列的公比为,由题意易知所以,,两式相除得,化简得,解得,所以,故选B.【点睛】本题主要考查等比数列的性质与前项和的计算,考查运算求解能力.等比数列基本量的运算是等比数列的一类基本题型,数列中的五个基本量一般可以“知二求三”,通过列方程组所求问题可以迎刃而解,解决此类问题的关键是熟练掌握等比数列的有关性质和公式,并灵活应用,在运算过程中,还应善于运用整体代换思想简化运算过程.9.若某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的所有侧面和底面中,面积的最大值为()A.2 B.C.3 D.【答案】C【解析】画出三视图对应的直观图,然后利用勾股定理、余弦定理以及三角形面积公式计算出四个面的面积,由此判断出面积最大值.【详解】由三视图可得,该几何体的直观图如图所示,其中,为的中点,平面,,.所以,,.又因为,,所以,故,所以.故选C.【点睛】本题考查三视图的知识,考查空间想象能力和运算求解能力.属于中档题.10.已知是定义在上的函数,且,如果当时,,则()A.27 B.-27 C.9 D.-9【答案】B【解析】先判断出函数的周期,然后利用周期性和已知条件,将转化为,将代入题目所给解析式,由此求得的值.【详解】由,则,所以为周期为8的周期函数,,.故选B.【点睛】本题考查函数的周期性与求值,考查运算求解能力.属于基础题.11.在平面直角坐标系中,过双曲线上的一点作两条渐近线的平行线,与两条渐近线的交点分别为,,若平行四边形的面积为3,则该双曲线的离心率为()A.B.C.D.【答案】A【解析】设出C点的坐标,利用直线和直线的方程求得点的坐标,由此求得,利用点到直线的距离公式求得到直线的距离,利用平行四边形的面积列方程,求得含有的等式,利用C在双曲线上这一条件列方程,由此求得的值,进而求出的值以及离心率.【详解】如图,设,则直线:,直线:,可求得交点的坐标为,所以.又点到直线:的距离,所以平行四边形的面积为,即.因为,所以,所以,从而,.故选A.【点睛】本题考查双曲线的渐近线与离心率,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力.属于中档题.解题过程中首先考虑的是将平行四边形的面积表示出来,这是方程的思想,也即是要求一个未知数,通过未知数满足的一个方程来求解出来.12.设函数.若不等式对一切恒成立,则的取值范围为()A.B.C.D.【答案】D【解析】问题转化为对一切恒成立,根据三次函数的图象不可能恒在轴的下方,可得,解得或(舍去).可得对一切恒成立,等价于,则,利用二次函数的性质可得结果.【详解】因为,所以,不等式,即.因为对一切恒成立,而三次函数的图象不可能恒在轴的下方,所以,解得或(舍去).所以对一切恒成立,则或,所以,则.的取值范围为,故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查基本初等函数求导公式、转化思想的应用以及一元二次不等式恒成立问题,考查了二次函数的性质,属于难题. 一元二次不等式恒成立问题主要方法:(1)若实数集上恒成立,考虑判别式小于零即可;(2)若在给定区间上恒成立,则考虑运用“分离参数法”转化为求最值问题.二、填空题13.已知函数,若,则__________.【答案】2【解析】由,可得,解得,从而可得函数解析式,将代入即可得结果.【详解】因为,所以,解得,函数从而.故答案为.【点睛】本题主要考查对数的运算以及对数函数的解析式,意在考查对基础知识的掌握情况,属于基础题.14.已知直线与函数的图象相邻两个交点的横坐标分别为,,则__________.【答案】1【解析】根据两个交点的横坐标求得函数的一条对称轴,将对称轴代入函数解析式,利用最大值和最小值列方程,解方程求得的值.【详解】依题意,由已知为函数的图象的一条对称轴,函数取得最大值或最小值,将代入函数解析式,得,解得.【点睛】本题考查三角函数的性质,考查辅助角公式,考查推理论证能力.属于中档题.15.我国古代数学家祖暅提出原理:“幂势既同,则积不容异”.其中“幂”是截面积,“势”是几何体的高.该原理的意思是:夹在两个平行平面间的两个几何体,被任一平行于这两个平行平面的平面所截,若所截的两个截面的面积恒相等,则这两个几何体的体积相等.如图,在空间直角坐标系中的平面内,若函数的图象与轴围成一个封闭的区域,将区域沿轴的正方向平移8个单位长度,得到几何体如图一,现有一个与之等高的圆柱如图二,其底面积与区域的面积相等,则此圆柱的体积为__________.【答案】【解析】利用四分之一圆的面积和直角三角形面积公式求得阴影部分的面积,进而求得圆柱的体积.【详解】表示的是四分之一的圆的面积,且圆的半径是,所以区域的面积为,所以圆柱的体积.【点睛】本题考查数学文化以及简单几何体的体积,考查利用几何意义计算定积分,考查空间想象能力和运算求解能力.16.数列共有项(为定值),它的前项和为,现从这项中抽取某一项(不含首项和末项),余下的项的平均值为103,则__________.【答案】35【解析】由求得.设抽取的是第项,利用平均数公式以及前项和可得,根据列不等式组求解即可.【详解】因为,当时,,,也适合,所以.设抽取的是第项,由,得,整理得.因为,所以,解得,因为,所以.故答案为.【点睛】本题主要考查数列的通项公式与前项和公式之间的关系,属于中档题. 已知数列前项和,求数列通项公式,常用公式,将所给条件化为关于前项和的递推关系或是关于第项的递推关系,若满足等比数列或等差数列定义,用等比数列或等差数列通项公式求出数列的通项公式,否则适当变形构造等比或等数列求通项公式. 在利用与通项的关系求的过程中,一定要注意的情况.三、解答题17.已知在中,,,.(1)求边的长;(2)设为边上一点,且的面积为,求.【答案】(1)3;(2).【解析】(1)利用三角形内角和定理,将转化为,化简已知条件求得,然后求得,利用等腰三角形求得的长.(2)利用三角形面积列方程,求得的值,利用余弦定理求得的值,利用正弦定理求得的值.【详解】解:(1)由及,得,展开得,即,所以.所以,即,所以.(2)由,解得.在中,,所以.由,得,所以.【点睛】本小题主要考查三角形内角和定理,考查三角恒等变换,考查利用余弦定理和正弦定理解三角形,综合性较强,属于中档题.18.某中学为了组建一支业余足球队,在高一年级随机选取50名男生测量身高,发现被测男生的身高全部在到之间,将测量结果按如下方式分成六组:第1组,第2组,…,第6组,如图是按上述分组得到的频率分布直方图,以频率近似概率.(1)若学校要从中选1名男生担任足球队长,求被选取的男生恰好在第5组或第6组的概率;(2)试估计该校高一年级全体男生身高的平均数(同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值代表)与中位数;(3)现在从第5与第6组男生中选取两名同学担任守门员,求选取的两人中最多有1名男生来自第5组的概率.【答案】(1)0.12;(2)平均数为168.72,中位数为168.25;(3).【解析】(1)由直方图可得,被选取的男生恰好在第5组或第6组的概率;(2)每个矩形的中点横坐标与该矩形的纵坐标、组距相乘后求和可得平均值;直方图左右两边面积相等处横坐标表示中位数;(3)利用列举法,从第5与第6组男生中选取两名同学担任守门员共有15种情况,其中选取的两人中最多有1名男生来自第5组的情况有9种,由古典概型概率公式可得结果.【详解】(1)被选取的男生恰好在第5组或第6组的概率.(2)全体男生身高的平均数为.设全体男生身高的中位数为,因为第1组对应的频率为0.20,第2组对应的频率为0.28,所以,则,解得.(3)第5组有人,记为,,,,同理第6组有2人记为,,所有的情况为、、、、、、、、、、、、、、,共15种,选取的两人中最多有1名男生来自第5组的有、、、、、、、、共9种,所以所求概率为.【点睛】本题主要考查直方图的应用以及古典概型概率公式的应用,属于难题,利用古典概型概率公式求概率时,找准基本事件个数是解题的关键,基本亊件的探求方法有(1)枚举法:适合给定的基本事件个数较少且易一一列举出的;(2)树状图法:适合于较为复杂的问题中的基本亊件的探求.在找基本事件个数时,一定要按顺序逐个写出:先,…. ,再,…..依次….… 这样才能避免多写、漏写现象的发生.19.如图,在四棱锥中,底面为等腰梯形,,其中点在以为直径的圆上,,,,平面平面.(1)证明:平面.(2)设点是线段(不含端点)上一动点,当三棱锥的体积为1时,求异面直线与所成角的余弦值.【答案】(1)详见解析;(2).【解析】(1)利用余弦定理,由勾股定理可得,再根据面面垂直的性质可得平面;(2)设,则,由,解得,即点是线段的中点.取的中点为,连接,可证明四边形为平行四边形,从而,且,可得为异面直线与所成角(或补角),再利用余弦定理可得结果.【详解】(1)连接,,因为点在以为直径的圆上,所以.因为,所以,.所以.因为为等腰梯形,,所以.又因为,,所以,从而得.又因为平面平面,平面平面,所以平面.(2)由(1)得,设,则,所以,解得,即点是线段的中点.取的中点为,连接,则由(1)及条件得,且,所以四边形为平行四边形,从而,且,所以为异面直线与所成角(或补角).因为,所以.因为,所以,所以,所以,即异面直线与所成角的余弦值为.【点睛】本题主要考查线面垂直的判定及面面垂直的性质定理,异面直线所成的角,属于难题.求异面直线所成的角先要利用三角形中位线定理以及平行四边形找到异面直线所成的角,然后利用直角三角形的性质及余弦定理求解,如果利用余弦定理求余弦,因为异面直线所成的角是直角或锐角,所以最后结果一定要取绝对值.20.已知椭圆:在左、右焦点分别为,,上顶点为点,若是面积为的等边三角形.(1)求椭圆的标准方程;(2)已知,是椭圆上的两点,且,求使的面积最大时直线的方程(为坐标原点).【答案】解(1);(2)或.【解析】(1)由是面积为的等边三角形,结合性质,列出关于、的方程组,求出、,即可得结果;(2)先证明直线的斜率存在,设直线的方程为,与椭圆方程联立消去,利用弦长公式可得,化简得.原点到直线的距离为,的面积,当最大时,的面积最大.由,利用二次函数的性质可得结果.【详解】(1)由是面积为的等边三角形,得,所以,,从而,所以椭圆的标准方程为.(2)由(1)知,当轴时,,则为椭圆的短轴,故有,,三点共线,不合题意.所以直线的斜率存在,设直线的方程为,点,点,联立方程组消去,得,所以有,,则,即,化简得.因为,所以有且.原点到直线的距离为,的面积,所以当最大时,的面积最大.因为,而,所以当时,取最大值为3,面积的最大值.把代入,得,所以有,即直线的方程为或.【点睛】求椭圆标准方程的方法一般为待定系数法,根据条件确定关于的方程组,解出从而写出椭圆的标准方程.解决直线与椭圆的位置关系的相关问题,其常规思路是先把直线方程与椭圆方程联立,消元、化简,然后应用根与系数的关系建立方程,解决相关问题.涉及弦中点的问题常常用“点差法”解决,往往会更简单.21.已知函数,.(1)求使方程存在两个实数解时,的取值范围;(2)设,函数,.若对任意,总存在,使得,求实数的取值范围.【答案】(1);(2).【解析】(1)求出导函数,可得函数在区间上单调递增,在上单调递减,求得,,,利用可得结果;(2)由(1)知,设的值域为,因为对任意,总存在,使得,等价于.利用导数研究函数的单调性,求出的值域,根据包含关系列不等式求解即可,【详解】(1).令,得;令,得,所以函数在区间上单调递增,在上单调递减,所以,又,,要使方程存在两个实数解,则,解得.(2)由(1)知,设的值域为,因为对任意,总存在,使得,所以.因为,所以,当时,在上恒成立,所以在上单调递减,又,不可能满足.当时,由于,若,即,在上单调递减,在上单调递增,,又,,要使,则必须有,化简得,解得,又,所以. 若,即,在上单调递减,不可能满足.综上,实数的取值范围为.【点睛】本题是以导数的运用为背景的函数综合题,主要考查了函数思想,化归思想,抽象概括能力,综合分析问题和解决问题的能力,属于较难题,近来高考在逐年加大对导数问题的考查力度,不仅题型在变化,而且问题的难度、深度与广度也在不断加大,本部分的要求一定有三个层次:第一层次主要考查求导公式,求导法则与导数的几何意义;第二层次是导数的简单应用,包括求函数的单调区间、极值、最值等;第三层次是综合考查,包括解决应用问题,将导数内容和传统内容中有关不等式甚至数列及函数单调性有机结合,设计综合题.22.在直角坐标系中,曲线的参数方程是(为参数),以坐标原点为极点,轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线的极坐标方程为.(1)求曲线,的直角坐标方程;(2)设,分别在曲线,上运动,若的最小值是1,求的值.【答案】(1)曲线的直角坐标方程为,的直角坐标方程为;(2)或.【解析】(1)利用消去参数方程的参数,得到直角坐标方程.利用,,化简求得的直角坐标方程.(2)利用圆心到直线的距离减去半径,得到的最小值的表达式,解方程求得的值.【详解】解:(1)由消去参数,得,所以曲线的直角坐标方程为.由,整理得,而,,所以,即的直角坐标方程为.(2)由(1)知曲线是圆心为,半径的圆,则圆心到直线的距离为.所以,解得或.【点睛】本小题主要考查参数方程和极坐标方程转化为直角坐标方程,考查圆上点到直线距离的最值问题,属于中档题.23.已知函数的图象如图所示.(1)求的值;(2)设,的最大值为,若正数,满足,证明:.【答案】(1);(2)见解析【解析】(1)由图知和,得;(2)写出的分段形式,求得函数的最大值,由展开利用基本不等式即可得证.【详解】(1)解:由,得,即.由,得,所以.(2)证明:由(1)知,所以,显然的最大值为6,即.因为,所以.因为(当且仅当,时取等号),所以.【点睛】本题主要考查了绝对值函数性质的研究,基本不等式的应用,属于中档题.。

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校联考高考英语一模试卷

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校联考高考英语一模试卷

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校联考高考英语一模试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AThe critics' top four books of 2018 are based on Christmas selections in national newspapers,the London Evening Standard,The TLS,The Spectator and the New Statesman.Normal People by Sally Rooney Faber £14.99Sally Rooney's debut novel,Conversations with Friends,was one of last year's most talked-about books.The response to the Irish writer's follow-up has,if anything,been even more ecstatic.The 27-year-old was praised for her ability to convey subtle modulations of emotion.The novel was long listed for the Man Booker Prize - but many felt that it should have done better.Vietnam by Max Hastings William Collins £30This long-awaited historical blockbuster follows the Vietnam War over three decades.from the French "dirty war" of 1946-54 to America's capitulation to the Vietcong in 1975.Hastings,who reported from the battlefield in Vietnam as a young British journalist,was praised for his encyclopedic knowledge of the conflict.The Silence of the Girls by Pat Barker Hamish Hamilton £18.99Pat Barker's novel is a retelling of The lliad - but with women at the heart of the action.The central character is Briseis,who appears only glancingly in Homers original.Best-known for her First World War Set Regeneration trilogy (1997).Barker,in her fifties,again focuses on the traumas of war.Reviewers praised the novel's subversive energy even if it was judged conventional in places.A Certain Idea of France by Julian Jackson Allen Lane £35This door-stopping biography by British historian Julian Jackson - born in 1954 chronicles the life of Charles de Gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever Frenchmen.While acknowledging that de Gaulle wasn't very likeable,Jackson salutes his imagination and boldness- qualities that helped him steer France through its liberation from the Nazis and the war in Algeria.Critics suggested it would become the standard biography.1.Which author of the four books is the youngest according to the text?______A. Sally RooneyB. Max HastingsC. Pat BarkerD. Julian Jackson2.Which book may people who are interested in a political leader's life choose?______A. Normal PeopleB. VietnamC. The Silence of the GirlsD. A Certain Idea of France3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?______A. To remember the four great novelists.B. To introduce the yearly top four novels.C. To encourage studies on the four novelsD. To promote the values of the four novelistsBIn Australia,the bilby (兔耳袋狸)project is seen as an important part in protecting the nation's wildlife.Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs.They usually sleep during the day,and are awake at night.They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms.For the first time in 2018,bilbies are running wild in Southeastern Australia.The small animals were once widespread across much of Australia,but were last observed in the wild in New South Wales state in 1912.Every year bilby populations continue to decrease.Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby,a small marsupial,could eventually disappear forever,either because of land clearing or fires.Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes,which hunt down and kill bilbies.In northern New South Wales state,environmentalists are celebrating what they are calling a historic moment.Thirty bilbies from a captive breeding program have been released into a large predator-free enclosed area north of Sydney.Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence,experts say the animals probably would not survive.Tim Allard heads the Australian Wildlife Conservancy,which is involved in the project.He says the release of these beloved animals is a big deal."There are some remaining wild bilby populations,but they get predated upon heavily by feral cats and foxes.Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas." Allard said the point of doing this project is to return the countryside to what it used to be before Europeans arrived."So in the not-too-distant future,you will be able to go inside the fenced areas and it will be like stepping back before Europeans turned up," he said.4.What is the main idea of paragraph 1?______A. The shape of the bilby.B. The habit of the bilby.C. The weight of the bilby.D. The characteristics of the bilby.5.The followings are the reasons for Bilbies' disappearance EXCEPT ______ ?A. Trees' clearing.B. Fires' bursting.C. Cats' hunting.D. Foxes' killing.6.What docs the underlined word "enclosed" in paragraph 3 probably mean?______A. Involved.B. Protected.C. Hunted.D. Enlarged.7.From Allard's words,what do we know?______A. The release of bilbies can make much money.B. Cats and foxes cause the decrease of bilbies.C. Nature reserves are needed to protect bilbies.D. Europeans shouldn't turn up in the countryside.CThat the success of humans as a species depends to a large extent on our ability to cooperate in groups is widely believed.Much more so than any other animal,people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits.New research involving Dr Molleman,an expert at the University of Nottingham,suggests that successful cooperation in groups depends on how people gather information about their peers,and how they base their cooperative decisions on it.Biologists wonder how cooperation could have developed by natural selection:it is puzzling how cooperation can be beneficial when it is possible to behave selfishly and take advantage ofthe cooperative efforts of your group.Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment.They asked questions like "How do people make decisions when their actions can affect the welfare of others?" "How people determine their behavior when they have to cooperate in groups?".Dr Pieter Van Den Berg from the University of Groningen said,"From previous research we know that some people are ‘majority-oriented (以……为中心)' and tend to look at the behavior of the majority in their group,whereas others are ‘success-oriented' and try to find out what kind of behavior pays off best for themselves."Dr Molleman,from the center of the Decision Research and Experimental Economics,said,"It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people.As a consequence,the people in the majority-oriented groups tended to cam more money in the experiment since they cooperated more."pared with other animals,human beings are capable of ______ .A. communicating well with othersB. working together with each otherC. surviving some natural disastersD. getting access to various information9.What are the psychologists and economists most interested in?______A. Whether people's personal efforts will pay off eventually.B. How cooperation has developed over a long lime naturally.C. Why people offer to affect those around them unselfishly.D. What benefit that good cooperation can bring immediately.10.We can infer that the success-oriented people ______ .A. are careful to select a group to joinB. are likely to be successful in the futureC. pay more attention to the result of their effortD. have some skills in collecting useful information11.What is the new finding of the research?______A. Having good relationship gets us to live fullest life.B. Focusing on individual success makes people selfish.C. Being considerate can ensure our long-term benefit.D. Mastering social skills help create harmonious society.DStephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans.The physicist,who died aged 76 in March,2018,thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings.His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children's DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity.And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice.In an extract (摘录)published by The Sunday Times,he wrote:"I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression."Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans.But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics,such as memory,resistance to disease and length of life." And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process,leaving them unable to compete.The professor even warnedit could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it.He said of normal humans:"Presumably they will die out,or become unimportant.Instead,there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate." The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr,which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others.And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science,some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式)movement,where the weak are weeded out of society.The new book,published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday,also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society.In it,he examines whether aliens exist,colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.12.Stephen Hawking's views don't include ______ .A. DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings.B. There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes.C. People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics.D. Humans who haven't undergone genetic engineering may die out.13.Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton?______A. Brief Answers to Questions.B. The Sunday Times.C. The Brief History of Time.D. Solar System.14.What's Stephen Hawking's attitude towards human genetic engineering?______A. Supportive.B. Impartial.C. Favorable.D. Concerned.15.What does the text mainly want to tell us?______A. Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.B. DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.C. Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.D. DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共10.0分)5 ways to focus your mind 1.Focus with a purposeThe mistake most people make is lacking a clear purpose -they want to be more focused,but don't know what for.Avoidance is the mother of distraction.If you don't have a concrete reason to stay focused,your mind will jump from one thing to another.Training your mind to pay attention requires something to focus on.(1) .When you don't have a purpose,it's easier to get distracted.Conversely,having a clear ‘why' will help you stay focused.2.Solve a real problemMost of the times,we are doing meaningless work.We jump from one task to another without accomplishing anything.We end solving the wrong problem and lose our focus.You have to decide what your priorities are-focus on what will advance your daily,weekly or monthly goals.Leam to say no to the rest.(2) .Those who lack focus are busy fighting urgent,but irrelevant fires.3.Eliminate(消除)other options(3) ,it's harder to get distracted,Create rules where you can't start a new activity until you finished another one first.For example,in a good day,Pink leaves his office at 10-10:30.On a bad day,he might stay ‘disconnected' until 2 or 3 PM.When you climinate all options,it's easier to focus on the only thing that's left.4.(4) .When your work and your mental state are not aligned (使结盟),they create an emotional dissonance.Focusing is hard,Dealing with this stressful feeling becomes an additional distraction.Adapting your work to your mental state increases your focus.Leam tounderstand the types of work you do and align them with your mental states.5.Set deadlinesDeadlines are more than bringing your goals to life.Yes,committing to a specific date increases your chances to achieve an objective.However,the power of deadlines lies in creating a constraint.Limitations benefit both creativity and productivity-by challenging ourselves,we increase our focus.(5) .A.When you don't have choicesB.When you create some rulesC.Take advantage of your mental stateD.Combine your action with your mental stateE.Focus on important things and suppress urgencyF.Focusing requires having an intention for your attentionG.Using deadlines smartly can motivate you with less pressure16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空(本大题共20小题,共30.0分)I did my first wing-walk two years ago,on my 86 birthday.Then last June,aged 88,I did it again and (21) my own record as the world's oldest (22) wing-walker.There was something about being strapped (捆扎)to the (23) of a bright-yellow 1944 Boeing-Stearman that (24) my imagination.It's very exciting.The first experience was nothing but tame.This year,I said to the(25),"Can you make it a bit more adventuresome?" He said,"I could do a loop-the loop (翻筋斗)if you like?"This time,he (26) doing half a loop which was very effective.You go down a bit,then straight up.All I felt was a bit (27),because it was windy.But you are (28) strapped.The pilot makes sure everything is (29).I had gloves on,earplugs and lots of layers,which protected me.Both times,we (30) from Gloucestershire Airport and were in the air for 15 minutes.You don't sit on the wing-you sit on (31) looks like a chair.I wasn't nervous.But when you look at the propellers (螺旋桨),you do feel a little strange.You're (32) at the beginning that it's a (33) dangerous activity and things could go wrong.However,I said:"Well,at 88 what does it (34)?You ve got to go sometime and you might as well go in a flame of (35)." At my age,a lot of people are (36) in their ways.I don't think any of my (37) from my retirement home wants to (38) me.I imagine most of them think I'm(39) as a woman.But I do think people of my age should be doing more (40) things.You shouldn't sit back and feel sorry for yourself.21. A. kept B. broke C. saved D. protected22. A. doctor B. repair C. male D. female23. A. wing B. head C. tail D. bottom24. A. practised B. displayed C. inspired D. broadened25. A. driver B. pilot C. guide D. director26. A. turned up B. gave up C. took up D. end up27. A. shaky B. dizzy C. shiny D. clumsy28. A. tightly B. largely C. safely D. correctly29. A. special B. secure C. cautious D. accessible30. A. let out B. got through C. broke up D. took off31. A. what B. how C. where D. that32. A. charged B. allowed C. warned D. cheated33. A. actually B. potentially C. doubtfully D. certainly34. A. mean B. live C. dream D. matter35. A. glory B. silence C. memory D. ash36. A. criticized B. beaten C. stuck D. washed37. A. leaders B. friends C. opponents D. relatives38. A. persuade B. praise C. join D. steady39. A. crazy B. difficult C. adventurous D. ridiculous40. A. academic B. difficult C. adventurous D. ridiculous四、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)41.There is a small but growing movement in America of many (1) (family)that want toreduce waste to zero.(2) (they)goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach.Some come close,reducing a year's worth of trash to only a few things (3) can fit into a small container.All other things,they say,can be recycled or composted.Zero Wasters,as they are called,help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media.A lot of people have given (4) (value)advice on the subject recently.Some of the advice includes where to buy things (5) (avoid)unwanted packaging and how to recycle things that most people throw away.Bea Johnson,a housewife,says that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations (6) ever before.She,who is (7) (satisfy)with the fact,says all their clothing comes from used clothing stores.She says that has reduced her household spending (8) 40 percent.Zero Wasters advocate (9) (talk)about five "r's" that describe want they do:Refuse,Reduce,Reuse,Recycle and Rot.They request that things like remaining food not (10) (throw)away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants.五、短文改错(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China. The cashless trend had never been more popular. With the widespread use of mobile payment, Wechat and Alipay are two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay. People rarely need to carry a wal let and cash at all. They are used to paying by scan QR codes (二维码). When consuming. As result, people will never worry about the consequence which they may get fake notes. Besides, people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments. Mobile payment is winning over plenty of consumer with its convenie nce. So far mobile payment has great changed peopled life in China.六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分)43.假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Bill在春节期间给你发了一封节日问候邮件,并在信中问及红色在中国春节中的使用,请你给他回封邮件介绍下红色在春节中的使用情况.内容包括以下几点:1.红色在中国的象征;2.春节期间红色的使用(至少列出两个要点).注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.信的开头语和结尾已为你写好.参考词汇:贴对联 paste/post red couplets 鞭炮 firecrackerDear Bill,I'm glad to receive your letter.Yours sincerely,Li Hua2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校联考高考英语一模试卷答案和解析【答案】1. A2. D3. B4. D5. A6. B7. C8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D15. D 16. F 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. G 21. B22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C41. families 42. Their 43. that 44. valuable 45. to avoid 46. than 47. satisfied 48. by 49. talking 50. be thrown42. Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China.The cashless trend had never been more popular.With the widespread use of mobile payment,Wechat and Alipay are two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay.People rarely need to carry a wallet and cash at all.They are used to paying by scan QR codes (二维码).When consuming.As∧result,people will never worry about the consequence which they may get fake notes.Besides,people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments.Mobile payment is winning over plenty of consumer with its convenience.So far mobile payment has great changed peopled life in China.详解:1.去掉for,考查介词.句意:在中国,移动手机支付正广泛服务于人们.serve为及物动词,可以直接跟宾语,故去掉介词for.2.had→has,考查动词时态.句意:无现金的潮流从未像现在这样流行.此处强调过去发生的动作持续到现在,应用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故had改为has.3.safe→safest,考查形容词最高级.句意:微信和支付宝是两种最方便、最安全的支付方式.此处由and连词与上文形容词最高级构成一致,故也用形容词最高级safest.4.and→or,考查连词.句意:人们几乎不需要携带钱包或现金.由barely可知本句为否定句,and用于肯定句,故and改为or.5.scan→scanning,考查非谓语动词.by为介词,后跟动名词做宾语,故改为scanning.6.As后面加a,考查冠词.固定短语as a result"结果",故中间需要添加冠词a.7.which→that,考查连接词.句意:人们永远不会担心他们可能会收到假钞.本句中they may get fake notes是consequence的同位语,故只能用that.8.we→they,考查人称代词.句意:此外,如果他们使用移动支付,人们经常可以得到折扣.此处people为第三人称复数,下文与之保持一致,故也应用第三人称复数形式的人称代词they.9.consumer→consumers,考查名词的数.consumer为可数名词,由plenty of"许多"修饰,故用复数形式consumers.10.great→greatly,考查副词,修饰动词,所以用副词.43. Dear Bill,I'm glad to receive your letter.Thanks for your best wishes! In the letter you asked me about the color red used in our Spring Festival.I'm writing to tell you something interesting about that.Red is a symbol of happiness and good fortune in our traditional culture.Therefore,you can see people wear red new clothes and pasted red couplets on doors against evils,hoping good fortune in the new year【高分句型一,现在分词作状语】.【要点一,红色在中国的象征】The firecrackers set off to scare away a monster named "Nian" are red as well.Meanwhile,people hang red lanterns,creating the atmosphere of festival【高分句型二,现在分词作状语】.Additionally,our senior citizens give their children lucky money in red packets.【要点二,春节期间红色的使用】Welcome to China to experience our unique Spring Festival.Best wishes!Yours sincerely,Li Hua【解析】1~3. 1.A.判断推理题.对比文章四位作者可知Sally Rooney27岁;第三段最后一句"Hastings,who reported from the battlefield in Vietnam as a young British journalist,was praised for his encyclopedic knowledge of the conflict."可知Max Hastings年轻时曾在越南战场做过报道,可推测他的年龄比Sally Rooney大;第四段第二句"Barker,in her fifties,again focuses on the traumas of war."可知Pat Barker已经五十岁了;Julian Jackson 出生在1954年;对比这些信息我们可知Sally Rooney在四位书作者中应当是最年轻,因此选A.2.D.细节理解题.根据最后一段第一句"This door-stopping biography by British historian Julian Jackson - born in 1954 chronicles the life of Charles de Gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever Frenchmen."可知这是一本关于法国著名政治家戴高乐的生平传记,因此人们如果对政客的生活感兴趣,可以选择,故选D.3.B.主旨大意题.根据文章第一段第一句"The critics' top four books of 2018 are based on Christmas selections in national newspapers"以及文章内容介绍了四本受欢迎小说可以判断,作者这篇文章的目的是为了介绍四部年度小说,故选B.本文是一篇2018年度书评.文章介绍四本年度最受欢迎小说及其简要内容特点.此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断4~7. 答案:1-4DABC1.D.主旨大意题.根据文章第一段第二句"Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs.They usually sleep during the day,and are awake at night.They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms."介绍了兔耳袋狸的体型,体重和生活习惯,这些都是兔耳袋狸的特征.因此第一段的主旨大意是介绍兔耳袋狸的特征,故选D.2.A.细节理解题.根据文章第二段最后一、二句"Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby,a small marsupial,could eventually disappear forever,either because of land clearing or fires.Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes,which hunt down and kill bilbies."可知兔耳袋狸消失的原因有土地清理或火灾,和来自猫和狐狸的捕食,没有提及A选项"树木清理",故选A.3.B.词义猜测题.根据文章第三段后文"Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence,experts say the animals probably would not survive."可知如果没有32公里长的围栏的保护,这些动物可能无法生存.故可推测上文兔耳袋狸应当是被放入一个大型"保护"区域当中,故可推测划线部分单词意思为"保护的",故选B.4.C.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段Allard的话提到"Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas."可知Allard提到兔耳袋狸只能在围栏里生存,也就是说要保护兔耳袋狸,建立大自然保护区是必要的,故选C.本文是一篇记叙文.介绍了澳大利亚政府组织为保护濒危动物兔耳袋狸而进行的兔耳袋狸计划.考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.8~11. 1.B.细节理解题.第一段中最后一句"Much more so than any other animal,people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits."可知与其他动物相比,人类能够互相协作,由此选B.2.C.细节理解题.第三段中第二句"Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment."可知心理学家与经济学家最感兴趣的是为什么许多人愿意牺牲自己的福利来造福他们的社会环境.因此选C.3.C.推理判断题.第四段最后一句"others are ‘success-oriented' and try to find out what kind of behavior pays off best for themselves"可知"以成功为导向"的人总试图找出哪种行为对自己最有利.由此推断"以成功为导向"的人更关注他们努力的结果,故选C.4.B.细节理解题.最后一段倒数第二句"It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people."可知结果表明,在以成功为导向的群体中,人们的行为要比在以服务大众为导向的群体中自私得多.故研究的新发现是只关注自我成功的人更容易变得自私,因此选B.本文是一篇说明文.介绍了众多心理学家和经济学家对于具有"服务大众"型人格和"以成功为中心"型人格的人们的分析和研究.题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.12~15. 1.C.细节理解题.根据第二段第四句"But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics,such as memory,resistance to disease and length of life."可知是some people而不是people,故C选项以偏概全,不是霍金的观点.故选C.2.A.推理判断题.根据最后一段第一句中"The new book published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday"使用了定冠词the可知是对应上文第一次提到的a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions,故Brief Answers to Big Questions是由Hodder & Stoughton 出版的,A选项正确;The Sunday Times是霍金曾经在上面发表过文章的报刊,故B选项排除;The Brief History of Time是霍金之前的书,故排除C 选项;Solar System不是书,D选项不正确.故综上选A.3.D.观点态度题.从文章第一段第一句"Stephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans.";第二段第二句"And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice.";与第二段中"The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it."中fear,crisis,warn等词可以看出,霍金对于人类基因工程的态度是担忧的,因此选D.4.D.主旨大意题.文章只是作为举例说明,提到了Crispr(基因编辑技术)使科学家能够修改有害的基因.并不是文章的主要内容,故排除A选项;文章提出操纵DNA 将导致人类灭绝,而不是创造优良种族,B选项与文章内容相悖,故B选项错误;C选项"人类将移民太空并走出太阳系."文章中没有提及,排除C选项;从文章的第一段第二句"The physicist,who died aged 76 in March,2018,thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings."可知操纵DNA可能会导致人类灭绝,故选D.这是一篇说明文.物理学家斯蒂芬•霍金去世前的最后担忧是:操纵DNA将催生超级人类优等种族,他认为这一发展趋势可能会毁灭人类.题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.16~20. 1-5 FEADG1.F.细节理解题.根据下文"When you don't have a purpose"中的purpose可对对应F选项中的intention,都是强调集中注意力的意图,故选F.2.E.推理判断题.根据下文Those who lack focus are busy fighting urgent,but irrelevant fires.可知fighting urgent可和选项E中suppress urgency相呼应,告诉人们应该集中注意力在重要的事情上,而不是重要的但是不相关的事情上.故选E.3.A.细节理解题.根据第三个小标题Eliminate other options,和文中的最后一句话When you eliminate all options,it's easier to focus on the only thing that's left.(当你排除了所有的选择,就更容易专注于剩下的唯一的事情.)可知本段强调你需要让自己无从选择,故选A.4.D.推理判断题.根据下文"When your work and your mental state are not aligned (使结盟),they create an emotional dissonance."当你的工作和精神状态不协调时,就会产生情绪失调.可知本段强调行动和思想状态要相结合,故选D作为这一段的小标题:要将行动和思想状态相结合.5.G.推理判断题.根据本段小标题Set deadlines可知,本段主要强调要设定最后期限,且本空位于段尾,对本段进行概括总结,故选G:聪明地利用截止日期可以减少你的压力.本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了五种保持精力集中的方法.七选五中当所填句子位于段首的时,一定要先结合段落大意进行概括归纳段意.如第四小题,根据段落第一句"When your work and your mental state are not aligned (使结盟),they create an emotional dissonance."强调当精神状态和工作不协调一致的话,就会导致情绪的失调.与段落最后一句"Leam to understand the types of work you do and align them with your mental states."指出要学会理解你所做的工作的类型,并将它们与你的精神状态保持一致.点明本段的主旨:要将行为和心态结合一致.故选D.21~40. 1-5 BDACB 6-10DACBD 11-15ACBDA 16-20CBDAC1.B 考查动词词义辨析.kept保持;broke 打破;saved保存;protected保护.上一句提到作者在86岁时开始了第一次机翼行走,这里是说作者88岁时"打破"了自己的记录.故选B.2.D 考查名词词义辨析.doctor医生;repair修复;male男性;female女性.根据19空后的as a woman可知,作者是世界上年龄最大的"女性"机翼行走者.故选D.3.A 考查名词词义辨析.wing翅膀;机翼;head头;tail尾巴;bottom底部.根据第一段第一句中的my first wing-walk可知,作者参与的探险活动是在飞机的"机翼"上行走.故选A.4.C 考查动词词义辨析.practised练习;displayed推迟;inspired鼓舞;broadened 拓展.短语inspire one's imagination意为"激发/ 鼓舞了某人的想象力",故选C.5.B 考查名词词义辨析.driver司机;pilot飞行员;guide导游;director导演.根据上文作者要进行机翼行走,故因此是在跟自己的"飞行员"说话,故选B.6.D 考查动词短语辨析.turned up出现;gave up放弃;took up接受;拿起;end up 结束.联系上一段最后一句可知,作者对飞行员提出冒险性的要求后,飞行员说自己可以做到让飞机在空中翻筋斗.所以此处是说飞行员最终采用了半循环的飞行方式收尾,结束.故选D.7.A 考查形容词词义辨析.shaky摇晃的;dizzy眩晕的;shiny闪耀的;clumsy笨拙的.根据该空后的a bit windy可知,当时有风,所以飞行过程中飞机稍微有点摇晃.故选A.8.C 考查副词词义辨析.tightly紧地;largely大地;safely安全地;correctly正确地.上文提到风很大会摇晃,但是你是被安全地固定着故选C.9.B 考查形容词词义辨析.special特别的;secure安全的;cautious小心的;accessible 易接近的.根据下一句可知,飞行员在飞行的过程中要确保一切是"安全的",故选B.10.D 考查动词短语辨析.let out释放;got through经历;broke up分手;结束;took off起飞.根据该空后的内容可知,飞机在机场"起飞",15分钟后到达空中,故选D.11.A 考查连接词辨析.what指代内容;how表方式;where表地点;that那个.主句缺宾语,从句缺主语,表示具体内容,用what引导宾语从句,故选A.12.C 考查动词词义辨析.charged充电;allowed允许;warned警告;cheated受骗.根据13空后dangerous activity可知,这是一项危险的活动,所以参加者起初一定会被"提醒,警告",故选C.13.B 考查副词词义辨析.actually实际上;potentially潜在地;doubtfully怀疑地;certainly确定地.这项活动在进行之前已经基本保证了行走者的安全性,但也有"潜在地,可能发生"的危险性,故选B.14.D 考查动词词义辨析.mean意义;live生活;dream梦想;matter关系;妨碍.在作者看来,已经88岁了,即使出意外,那又有什么"关系"呢?故选D.15.A 考查名词词义辨析.glory荣誉;silence沉默;memory记忆;ash灰烬.在作者看来,自己已经活到88了,即使出了意外,也是以一种"光荣"的方式结束自己的生命.故选A.16.C 考查动词词义辨析.criticized批评;beaten打败;stuck卡住;washed洗.作者认为在步入老年阶段,很多人都会受困于自己的生活方式.17.B 考查名词词义辨析.leaders领导人;friends朋友;opponents 对手;relatives 亲戚.作者不认为周围已经退休的"朋友"中会有人想自己一样勇于挑战,故选B.18.D 考查动词词义辨析.persuade说服;praise赞美;join加入;steady稳定.作者认为周围的朋友受困于生活方式而不会"加入"到作者的冒险活动中来,故选C.19.A 考查形容词词义辨析.crazy疯狂的;difficult困难的;adventurous冒险的;ridiculous可笑的.作者认为那些安于现状的人不会加入,还会认为作者是"疯狂的",故选A.20.C 考查形容词词义辨析.academic学术的;difficult困难的;adventurous 冒险的;ridiculous可笑的.根据5空后a bit more adventuresome可知,作者认为自己这个年龄段的人应该去做更加"冒险"的事情故选C.。

2019届江西临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高三第一次联考数学(理)(解析)

2019届江西临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高三第一次联考数学(理)(解析)

2019届江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高三第一次联考数学(理)试题一、单选题1.已知i 为虚数单位, ()12i x yi +=+,其中,x y R ∈,则x yi +=( )A .BC .2D .4 【答案】A 【解析】()12i x yi +=+,其中x y R ∈,,2x ix yi +=+解得2x =, 2y =x yi ∴+=故选A 2.已知命题,命题,若命题是命题的必要不充分条件,则实数的取值范围是( ). A .B .C .D .【答案】D【解析】由题意化简A ,B ,将条件转化为A B ,列出不等关系解得a 的范围即可.【详解】 ∵,,又命题是命题的必要不充分条件,∴B A ,由数轴可得: a,故选D. 【点睛】本题考查了必要不充分条件的概念,涉及解一元二次不等式,以及子集的应用,属于基础题.3.两个正数,的等差中项是5,等比中项是,则双曲线的离心率等于().A.B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】先由题设条件结合数列的性质解得a,b,再由双曲线的性质求得,可得答案.【详解】由题设知,解得a=6,b=4,∴,∴.故选:C.【点睛】本题借助数列的性质考查双曲线的简单性质,解题时要认真审题,注意公式的灵活运用.4.已知实数,满足线性约束条件,则其表示的平面区域外接圆的面积为().A.B.C.D.【答案】C【解析】根据二元一次不等式组表示平面区域进行作图,根据三角形的形状确定外接圆的直径,求外接圆的半径,即可得到结论.【详解】由线性约束条件,画出可行域如图(及内部,又与y=x垂直,∴为直角,即三角形ABC为直角三角形,∴外接圆的直径为AC,又A(-1,3),C(-1,-1),AC=4, ∴外接圆的半径r=2,∴外接圆的面积为=4,故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查线性规划的应用以及三角形的外接圆问题,利用数形结合是解决本题的关键.5.为了研究某班学生的脚长(单位:厘米)和身高(单位:厘米)的关系,从该班随机抽取10名学生,根据测量数据的散点图可以看出与之间有线性相关关系,设其回归直线方程为,已知,,.该班某学生的脚长为23,据此估计其身高为().A.160 B.166 C.170 D.172【答案】B【解析】计算、,求出b,的值,写出回归方程,利用回归方程计算所求的值.【详解】根据题意,计算x i=25,y i=174,;∴174﹣4×25=74,∴4x+74,当x=24时,计算4×23+74=166,据此估计其身高为166(厘米).故选:B.【点睛】本题考查了线性回归方程的求法及应用问题,是基础题.6.函数图像向左平移个单位后图像关于轴对称,则的值可能为().A.B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】先化简f(x),再根据函数图象平移变换法则,求出平移后的函数解析式,根据对称性求出满足条件的a的值.【详解】函数,将其图象向左平移a 个单位(a >0),所得图象的解析式为:y =2sin[2(x+a )﹣], 由平移后所得图象关于y 轴对称,则2a ﹣=k π,即a =,又,当k =0时,a . 故选:B . 【点睛】本题考查的知识点是函数图象的平移变换及正弦型函数的对称性,其中根据已知函数的解析式,求出平移后图象对应的函数解析式是解答本题的关键,属于基础题. 7.已知()()()420122111x a a x a x -=+-+- ()()343411a x a x +-+-,则2a =( )A .18B .24C .36D .56 【答案】B【解析】()()4421121x x ⎡⎤-=+-⎣⎦,故()()()222222441C 214C 1a x x x ⎡⎤-=-=-⎣⎦,2244C 24a ==.8.《九章算术》是中国古代数学专著,其中的“更相减损术”可以用来求两个数的最大公约数,即“可半者半之,不可半者,副置分母、子之数,以少减多,更相减损,求其等也,以等数约之.”翻译成现代语言如下:第一步,任意给定两个正整数,判断它们是否都是偶数,若是,用2约简;若不是,执行第二步:第二步,以较大的数减去较小的数,接着把所得的差与较小的数比较,并以大数减小数,继续这个操作,知道所得的数相等为止,则这个数(等数)或这个数与约简的数的乘积就是所求的最大公约数.现给出更相减损术的程序图如图所示,如果输入的,,则输出的为( ).A.3 B.6 C.7 D.8【答案】C【解析】由循环结构的特点,先判断,再执行,分别计算出当前的a,b的值,即可得到结论.【详解】∵,,满足a,b都是偶数,则a==57,b==15,k=2;不满足a,b都是偶数,且不满足a=b,满足a>b,则a=57-15=42,n=1,不满足a=b,满足a>b,则a=42-15=27,n=2,不满足a=b,满足a>b,则a=27-15=12,n=3,不满足a=b,不满足a>b,则c=12,a=15,b=12,则a=15-12=3,n=4,不满足a=b,不满足a>b,则c=3,a=12,b=3,则a=12-3=9,n=5,不满足a=b,满足a>b,则a=9-3=6,n=6,不满足a=b,满足a>b,则a=6-3=3,n=7,满足a=b,结束循环,输出n=7,故选:C.【点睛】本题考查算法和程序框图,主要考查循环结构的理解和运用,以及赋值语句的运用,属于基础题.9.已知扇形,,扇形半径为,是弧上一点,若,则().A.B.C.D.【答案】D【解析】将已知等式两边同时平方,利用数量积的运算法则计算,可得到cos,即可求得结果.【详解】由,两边同时平方得=,则有3=4+1+2=5+22cos,∴cos,,故选D.【点睛】本题考查了向量数量积的运算,考查了夹角的求法,属于基础题.10.如图所示,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图,则该多面体的表面积为().A.B.C.D.【答案】A【解析】由三视图还原该几何体得到三棱锥,将三棱锥放在对应的正方体中,结合正弦定理求出三棱锥A﹣BCD的四个面的面积,求和即可.【详解】由三视图知该几何体是如图所示的三棱锥A﹣BCD,将该三棱锥是放在棱长为4的正方体中,A是棱的中点,在△ADC中,AC=2,且CD∴AD=,2=4;在△ABD中,AB=2,BD=4,由余弦定理得,cos∠DAB,∴sin∠DAB,∴2,又与均为边长为4的正方形面积的一半,即为8,∴三棱锥A﹣BCD的表面积为12+2=,故选:A.【点睛】本题考查了空间几何体的三视图,考查了余弦定理及三角形面积公式的应用,解题关键是由三视图还原为几何体,是中档题.11.已知以圆的圆心为焦点的抛物线与圆在第一象限交于点,电商抛物线上任意一点与直线垂直,垂足为,则的最大值为().A.-1 B.2 C.1 D.8【答案】C【解析】试题分析:求得圆心,可得抛物线C1方程,与圆C的交点A,运用抛物线的定义和三点共线,即可得到所求最大值.详解:圆C:(x﹣1)2+y2=4的圆心为焦点(1,0)的抛物线方程为y2=4x,由,解得A(1,2),抛物线C2:x2=8y的焦点为F(0,2),准线方程为y=﹣2,即有|BM|﹣|AB|=|BF|﹣|AB|≤|AF|=1,当且仅当A,B,F(A在B,F之间)三点共线,可得最大值1,故选:C.点睛:本题考查圆方程和抛物线的定义和方程的运用,考查方程思想和定义法解题,以及三点共线取得最值,属于中档题,一般和抛物线有关的小题,很多时可以应用结论来处理的;平时练习时应多注意抛物线的结论的总结和应用。

江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校

江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校

江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考数学试卷(理) 2019.2满分:150分时间:120分钟一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知i 为虚数单位,()12i x yi +=+,其中x ,y 为实数,则x yi +=( ).A.B.C.2D.42.已知命题2:|01x p A x x -⎧⎫=≤⎨⎬-⎩⎭,命题{}:|0q B x x a =-<,若命题p 是命题q 的必要不充分条件,则实数a 的取值范围是( ). A.()2,+∞B.[)2,+∞C.(),1-∞D.(],1-∞3.两个正数a ,b 的等差中项是5,等比中项是则双曲线22221(0)x y b a a b-=>>的离心率等于( ).C.32D.24.已知实数x ,y 满足线性约束条件21x y y x x +≤⎧⎪≥⎨⎪≥-⎩,则其表示的平面区域外接圆的面积为( ). A.πB.2πC.4πD.6π5.为了研究某班学生的脚长x (单位:厘米)和身高y (单位:厘米)的关系,从该班随机抽取10名学生,根据测量数据的散点图可以看出y 与x 之间有线性相关关系,设其回归直线方程为y a bx =+,已知101250ii x==∑,1011740i i y ==∑,4b =.该班某学生的脚长为23,据此估计其身高为( ). A.160B.166C.170D.1726.函数2()cos 2cos 1f x x x x =--+图像向左平移()0a a >个单位后图像关于y 轴对称,则a 的值可能为( ).A.6πB.3πC.2πD.23π 7.已知()()()()()423401234211111x a a x a x a x a x -=+-+-+-+-,则2a =( ). A.18B.24C.36D.568.《九章算术》是中国古代数学专著,其中的“更相减损术”可以用来求两个数的最大公约数,即“可半者半之,不可半者,副置分母、子之数,以少减多,更相减损,求其等也,以等数约之.”翻译成现代语言如下:第一步,任意给定两个正整数,判断它们是否都是偶数,若是,用2约简;若不是,执行第二步:第二步,以较大的数减去较小的数,接着把所得的差与较小的数比较,并以大数减小数,继续这个操作,知道所得的数相等为止,则这个数(等数)或这个数与约简的数的乘积就是所求的最大公约数.现给出更相减损术的程序图如图所示,如果输入的114a =,30b =,则输出的n 为( ).A.3B.6C.7D.89.已知扇形A O B ,AOB θ∠=,扇形半径为,C 是弧AB 上一点,若33OC =+θ=( ). A.6πB.3πC.2πD.23π10.如图所示,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图,则该多面体的表面积为( ).A.B.C.D.11.已知以圆()22:14C x y -+=的圆心为焦点的抛物线1C 与圆C 在第一象限交于A 点,B电商 抛物线22:8C x y =上任意一点BM 与直线2y =-垂直,垂足为M ,则BM AB -的最大值为( ). A.-1B.2C.1D.812.已知函数()()ln 133f x m x x =+--,若不等式()3xf x mx e >-在()0,x ∈+∞上恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是( ). A.03m ≤≤B.3m ≥C.3m ≤D.0m ≤二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知函数()()()1,1001x x f x x +-≤≤⎧⎪=<≤,则()11f x dx -⎰的值为______.14.在平面几何中有如下结论,若正方形ABCD 的内切圆面积为1S 外接圆面积为2S 则1212S S =,推广到立体几何中可以得到类似结论:若正方体1111ABCD A BC D -的内切球体积为1V 外接球体积为2V ,则12=V V ______. 15.已知函数()()()lg ,02,0x x x f x x ⎧>⎪=⎨≤⎪⎩.若函数()21y f x a =--存在5个零点,则实数a 的取值范围为______.16.已知平面四边形ABCD 中,3ABC π∠=,AC =23AB BC =,2BD AD =,BCD ∆的面积为AD =______.三、解答题:共70分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.(本小题满分12分)已知递增的等差数列{}n a 前n 项和为n S ,若116m a a ⋅=,420S =. 1.求数列{}n a 的通项公式. 2.若()1211n n nn b S -+=-,且数列{}n b 前n 项和为n T ,求n T .18.(本小题满分12分)如图,四棱锥P ABCD -的底面ABCD 为直角梯形,BCAD ,且222AD AB BC ===,90BAD ︒∠=,PAD ∆为等边三角形,平面ABCD ⊥平面PAD ,点E 、M 分别为PD 、PC 的中点.1.证明:CE平面PAB .2.求直线DM 与平面ABM 所成角的正弦值.19.(本小题满分12分)今有9所省级示范学校参加联考,参加人数约5000人,考完后经计算得数学平均分为113分.已知本次联考的成绩服从正态分布,且标准差为12. 1.计算联考成绩在137分以上的人数.2.从所有试卷中任意抽取1份,已知分数不超过123分的概率为0.8. ①求分数低于103分的概率.②从所有试卷中任意抽取5份,由于试卷数量较大,可以把每份试卷被抽到的概率视为相同。

江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高三英语第一次联考试题()

江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考英语参考答案一、听力1-5 BABCC 6-10 BCAAB11-15ACCBA 16-20 AABCB 二、阅读理解21-23ADB 24-27 DABC 28-31BCCB 32-35 CADD 36-40 FEADG三、完形填空41-45BDACB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 ACBDA 56-60CBDAC四、语法填空61. families 62. Their 63. that 64. valuable 65. to avoid66. than 67. satisfied 68. by 69. talking 70. be thrown五、短文改错 Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China. The cashless trend had never been more popular. With the widespread use of mobile payment, Wechat and Alipay are two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay. People rarely need to carry a wallet and cash at all. They are used to paying by scan QR codes(二维码) when consuming. As result, people will never worry about the consequence which they may get fake notes. Besides, people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments. Mobile payment is winning over plenty of consumer with its convenience. So far mobile payment has great changed people's life in China. 六、书面表达 One possible version: Dear Bill, I’m glad to receive your letter. Thanks for your best wishes! In the letter you asked meabout the color red used in our Spring Festival. I’m writing to tell you something interesting about that. Red is a symbol of happiness and good fortune in our traditional culture. Therefore, you can see people wear red new clothes and pasted red couplets on doors against evils, hoping good fortune in the new year. The firecrackers set off to scare away a monster named “Nian” are red as well. Meanwhile, people hang red lanterns, creating the atmosphere of festival. Additionally, our senior citizens give their children lucky money in red packets.Welcome to China to experience our unique Spring Festival.Best wishes!Yours sincerely, hassafes t orscanningthat theyconsume rs greatlyaLi Hua评卷细则一、机器阅卷部分(共100分)1-20题,共20小题,每小题1.5分,共计30分。

江西省临川一中南昌二中九江一中新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高三第一次联考文科综合试题--政治byfe

江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考文科综合试题政治12.2018年12月小麦价格(P)下跌0.2%,在不考虑其他条件的情况下,下面反映小麦需求(Q)变化趋势的是(其中横坐标表示商品的需求量,纵坐标表示商品的价格,虚线D'表示小麦变动后的价格)13.2018 年12月1日,《民营企业发展法治保障论坛》在郑州市郑东新区举行。

民营经济发展的所有工作都迫切需要法治保障,为民营经济高质量发展、健康发展建言献策、把脉会诊,为我省提高民营经济高质量发展提供了法治保障,做出更多的贡献。

重视用法治来保障民营经济的发展是因为①民营企业是促进我国经济社会健康发展的重要力量②法治保障为民讶经济引领国有经济发展扫清了障碍③打利于为民营企业的发展打造良好的市场竞争环境④有利于实现企业治理机制现代化,降低生产经营成本A.①③B.②③C.②④D.③④14.2019年1月1日起施行的《个人所得税专项附加扣除暂行办法》指出,专项附加扣除是指子女教育、继续教育、大病医疗、住房贷款利息或者住房租金、赡养老人等6项专项附加扣除,这是本轮个税改革的最大亮点。

其意义主要体现在①实施专项附加扣除政策—有利于完善税制—增加国家税收收入—促进经济发展②实施专项附加扣除政策一改善收入分配结构—增强社会财富分配合理性一实现公平税负③实施专项附加扣除政策一减轻小微企业负担一加大产品研发投入一提高企业效益④实施专项附加扣除政策一减轻纳税人的负担一保障改善民生一助力提高美好生活质量A.①③B.②③C.②④D.③④15.虹桥国际经贸论坛以“激发全球贸易新活力,共创开放共贏新格局”为主题。

该论坛的三场平行论坛议题分别为“贸易与开放”、“贸易与创新”、“贸易与投资”。

重点探讨当前全球经贸发展的关键问题。

这表明该论坛目的是①推动中国主导的开放包容的全球化进程②以新技术新业态发展带动贸易创新发展③通过振兴投资以激发贸易增长新的活力④有效避免我国在国际贸易发生贸易摩擦A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④16.在扶贫开发过程中,重“痕”不重“绩”、留“绩”不留“心”的“痕迹管理”比较普遍。

2018-2019学年江西省临川一中、南昌二中九校重点中学协作体联考高三(下)第一次月考物理试卷-解析版

2018-2019学年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体联考高三(下)第一次月考物理试卷一、单选题(本大题共5小题,共30.0分)1.第26届国际计量大会2018年11月16日通过“修订国际单位制决议,正式更新了质量单位“千克”、电流单位“安培”、温度单位“开尔文和物质的量单位“摩尔”4项基本单位定义方法。

其中开尔文将用玻尔兹曼常数(K)定义,玻尔兹曼常数的物理意义是单个气体分子的平均动能E k随热力学温度T变化的系数,表达式为E K=KT,那么玻尔兹曼常数的单位应为()A. B. C. D.2.将两个点电荷A、B分别固定在水平面上x轴的两个不同位置上,将一正试探电荷在水平面内由A点的附近沿x轴的正方向移动到B点附近的过程中,该试探电荷的电势能随位置变化的图象如图所示,已知x AC>x CB,图中的水平虚线在C点与图线相切,两固定点电荷的电荷量分别用q A、q B表示。

则下列分析正确的是()A. 两固定点电荷都带负电,且B. C点的电场强度最小但不等于零C. 如果将试探电荷改为负电荷,则该电荷在C点的电势能最大D. A、B两点间沿x轴方向的电场强度始终向右3.2019年1月3日,“嫦娥四号探测器”在月球背面成功软着陆,我国是第一个在月球神秘的背面成功着陆的国家,显示出中国伟大的科学工程能力。

如图是嫦娥四号探测器由环月圆轨道进入预定月背着陆准备轨道示意图,则下列关于“嫦娥四号探测器”运动的说法正确的是()A. “嫦娥四号探测器”由100千米环月圆轨道需要减速才能进入近月点为15千米的预定月背轨道B. “嫦娥四号探测器”在近月点为15千米的预定月背椭圆轨道上各点的速度都大于其在100千米环月圆轨道上的速度C. “嫦娥四号探测器”在100千米环月圆轨道上运动的周期小于其在近月点为15千米的预定月背轨道上运动的周期D. “嫦娥四号探测器”在距离月面2米时发动机停止工作,此后“嫦娥四号探测器”向下运动处于超重状态4.甲、乙两车在平直公路上沿同一方向做直线运动,t=0时刻,甲车在乙车前20m处,它们的v-t图象如图所示,下列说法正确的是()A. 甲车启动的加速度大于乙车启动的加速度B. 甲车启动15s时,乙车落后甲车的距离最大C. 乙车启动时,甲在乙车前方50mD. 时,乙车正好追上甲车5.如图为特种兵训练项目示意图,一根绳的两端分别固定在两座山的A、B处,A、B两点水平距离为20m,竖直距离为3m,A、B间绳长为25m。

精品解析:江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中......2019届高三第一次联考语文试题(解析版)

江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考语文试卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。

用2B型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡整洁。

考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷阅读题(共70分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。

在人类由传统社会走向信息社会的过程中,与科技对艺术助力的震撼和艺术对科技批判的震惊相比,科技对于艺术的发威、震慑或制约是一种“含蓄的震慑力”。

现代社会以科技为第一生产力,科技理性往往有条件转变为主流意识形态。

那些脱离科学常识的艺术创意受到科技理性的严肃批判,被当成是迷信。

在科技理性兴起之后,神话与传说渐渐退出历史舞台,因为它们是不可由同行复制并检验的。

科技并不是以在幻想中征服自然力为目标,而是实实在在驾驭自然力。

因此,当科技昌明之际,神话就销声匿迹了。

与之遭受类似挤压的还有仙妖、魔法、玄幻之类精神产品。

这是现代性的题中应有之义。

艺术历来被视为人类特有的活动、才能或产品。

尽管如此,进入信息时代之后,不仅是那些需要学徒吃苦耐劳的艺术复制环节逐渐被相对轻松的数码加工所取代,那些需要真人演员通过涉险展示勇气与才华的角色逐渐被数码特效所取代,并且,那些本来仰仗天才、灵感、直觉、顿悟的领域也渐渐为人工智能所蚕食,目前的人工智能还处于由人设计和应用的阶段,虽然在感知、记忆、应对、决策等方面显示出某种与人类智能相似的特征,但既没有自身需要以及由此发展出来的动机、态度,也没有独立意志和世界观、人生观、价值观。

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