新托福写作的1180个必备单词

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托福写作必备1180单词_十天新托福essay_完整默写打印版

新托福写作的1180个必备单词Education作业（注意它是可数名词，与不同）选修课学分青少年；青春期的青少年教学法适应适应能力应用把学生分开教育团队精神独立思考在理解的基础上学习学生的反馈学生评价老师的教学通才专才全面发展的为社会健康发展做贡献人文学科社会科学艺术文科总称理科工科基础科学应用科学学科（通称）；纪律管教自制力小（中、大）学教育职业教育互动学校给学生的教育学校提供的课程总称心理的参与干扰记忆获取以教师为中心的以学生为中心的熟练掌握……榜样同龄人对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护动力沮丧家长给小孩的教育用批判的眼光去看问题的能力（某方面的）意识有创造力的对……非常熟悉 ()表现出色为……打好基础自尊尊严评估对……非常好的掌握好奇心精英应试教育富于想象力的沉迷于………发人深思的无知的文盲（的）学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童对文字技能的掌握对数学知识的掌握误入歧途给人新鲜感的令人振奋的给人动力的单亲家庭未成年人溺爱青少年犯罪欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思） & 逃学很有启发的成型的阶段植物学天文学培养促进学生身心发展心理健康给学生以动力传授知识灌输高尚的道德观给学生以灵感学生对老师所教知识的掌握就业技能填鸭式教法教学生学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。

死记硬背为了记忆而记忆责任感记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律盲从限制创造力的发展打击学生的积极性产生不必要的压力塑造某人的性格来自其他同学的压力逆境鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题课外活动学校是社会的缩影。

不遵守纪律违反纪律的学生理论知识双语的形容人嘴特碎的有趣的认知的监护人中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生大学毕业成绩最顶尖阐明，解释清楚（学生）自我管理启迪具体一门课的内容Technology非常先进的尖端的彻底变革自动化的机械化的电脑生成的组装线大规模生产省钱的深刻改变突破打破（传统的）界限无限的可能发展 &信息过剩信息爆炸自给自足虚拟世界脱离现实（电脑的）摄像头不可想象的远程通讯高生产率的自动化可利用的新颖的耐用的对用户友好的，方便使用的常规的增进，提高 =加速生产，制造标准化的印刷机电报外科手术采用在家远程上班网络银行（业务）提高效率提高生产效率减少人力的机器取代人力的机器自动化生物技术克隆远程通讯太空探索人的基因构成创新有独创性的，精巧的以惊人的速度超轻的超薄的便携的天线器官移植心脏起搏器交易载人登月载人航天器通讯卫星气象卫星发射台哈勃太空望远镜防弹背心尖端的技术信息爆炸信息时代互联网的广泛应用科技创新及发展Media好奇心可靠的报道成为头条新闻有新闻价值的信息量大的娱乐性强的商品商业化的隐私收视率指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开评价过高的记者新闻界（多半指女孩子）追星族追星族某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功澄清审查夸大事实完全与世隔绝（媒体）影响（公众意见）电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告小传单广告大幅广告牌海报小报儿有奖竞猜节目真人秀情景喜剧肥皂剧综艺节目时事印刷媒体电子媒体报道新闻的机构充斥着……审查删除过多的暴力与色情内容有误导性的诈骗性的虚假的报道非常详尽的细节夸大事件公正客观的揭露侵犯隐私毁坏某人的名誉狗仔队名人丑闻掩盖客观的不客观的如实的描述可信的及时的道德准则监督无处不在的荒唐的，可笑的高调的低调的独家新闻（明星的）光环魅力四射的处在公众注意力的焦点媒体炒作传闻捏造的Success决心座右铭家喻户晓的名字有一定成就的（形容人）辉煌的绝望 &适应能力强的名望（很高的）声望名声不幸概率残疾的在某方面成功态度毅力一种直接而且被证明有效的去除……的方法努力去做的事情很有本事极容易成功的人很多人都希望得到的逆境很渴望得到……个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性优秀的意志力挫折坚忍不拔的顽固的决定性的，有决断力的不可逾越的某方面技能很高不知名的，默默无闻的身份和地位的象征战略，行动安排坚持对手不切实际的幻想不可缺少的，绝对必要的深思熟虑的从贫穷到富有的成功故事昙花一现长处弱点重大的过错可以原谅的错误有魅力的Work焦虑分配冲突 &热情地接受尝试 &竞争激烈的技巧很高的在……方面很出众…蓝领白领谈判应试技巧胜利反馈工作非常勤奋的建设性的有压力的令人筋疲力尽的高薪底薪工作工资过高的升级 &同事同事同事（蓝领）明确的目标员工的热情可行的耗时间的妥协 &牺牲 &责任分配工作量心理压力裁员尽职尽责的当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”招聘激烈的竞争高水准的重大错误有热情的讨厌的人或东西自我表达自我印象，对自己的评价自尊远程会议一种很知足的状态评价，评估时间限制，时间上的制约不愿意去做某事“工作”的正式说法事业天职敬业精神职业水准很高的专业素养经验丰富的工作单位白手起家的创业者事业心强的艰巨的睡眠严重不足的（人）闲着的，（物品）闲置的重要的狂热十分投入的高尚的工作满意度稳定性非常难做的工作给人的精神压力很大的和压力有关的疾病努力满足感合作就业技能人际交往能力职业前景重复性的自由职业者自雇的人员，员工（集合概念）有竞争力的完美的失眠加班工作狂激励物，奖励条件奖励，回报以身作则团结一致苛刻的薪酬抱怨员工福利偏执的礼仪合作超级忙碌的Government废除（法律、制度等）实施使……合法化首要任务建立减轻、缓解 = =当局禁止立法税收民主的高效率的优化资源分配稳定解决严厉的，严格的短视的支出，花费社会保险老百姓规范，管理严禁严格的法律强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的监督监督为……拨款预算政府开支削减增加当务之急把……当作当务之急责任军备竞赛自卫国土安全缺乏远见的政策扩张谋求霸权恶性循环地区不稳定因素规章制度太空竞赛武器下岗工人失业基础设施公共交通系统电网石油天然气管线给排水系统民主与开明的政府临时的应急措施察觉到外貌吸引，吸引力喜欢社交的忠实的志向陪伴（人）动手能力强的，（物品）轻便的乐于并善于合作的有条理的聪明的有天赋的，有才华的体育好的无忧无虑的，乐天派的相互的有艺术气息的真诚的直率的背叛敌意靠不住的朋友好感，关爱拥抱 &安慰某人肤浅的，表面化的表述清晰的，口才好的永恒的活泼的，活跃的谦虚的尴尬的对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态两难的困境确定性真实的，真正的低估美德调解荒唐可笑的很烦人的承受力或者恢复能力强的低调的很支持的有感染力的豁达的，接受能力强的狭隘的生活态度喜欢独处的内向的富有同情心的不爱多说话的让某人逐渐放得开本意虽好但把事情做砸了的自我欺骗爱骗人的自信的容忍的机灵的有智慧的体贴人的理解他人的，善解人意的口齿清楚的，表达能力强的很逗的极度搞笑的过于自我的漠然的孤立的喜欢虚荣的懒散的很友善的优雅的好朋友花束杰出的（人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的顽强的琐碎的Old vs. Young风俗习惯尊敬的很有活力的有前途的保守的根深蒂固的悔恨的常规做事很主动的老式的过时的恶化过时了的，没人用了的僵化不变的人均寿命史无前例的某事物并不是一成不变的不实际的沉思怀旧的空巢综合症中年危机困惑的迷失了方向的心态成熟有活力的挥之不去退休状态或者退休后的时间退了休的老人老年公寓养老保险1~2岁的小朋友走路摇摇晃晃的那种孩子13~19岁的孩子未成年人十几岁的孩子203040……多岁的人们 20 30 40 …中年人老年人年长者祖先老龄化社会反动派（的）松弛的皮肤历史悠久的永恒的过去的好时光皱纹花白的头发分清是非相互了解逝去蹒跚老兵主动努力地去回忆温情回顾温情回顾（名词版）…向……致敬贬低Transportation交通堵塞危险的路况公交磁悬浮列车轻轨有轨电车渡轮横冲直撞蛮不讲理的司机不负责任地开车酒后驾车肇事者每天经过长距离去上班的人们交通量交通方式交通工具下降人口稠密的激增拥挤的被挤在……里人口爆炸，人口激增提高征税行人罚款 &行人公交像沙丁鱼罐头那么拥挤危险的地铁的一节车厢加长轿车车队拼车 &大都市的过度拥挤撞车人口密度高架桥，过街天桥地下过街通道内燃机柴油机蒸汽驱动的汽油驱动的以氢气为动力的混乱的马拉的观光车欧洲古代的战车Environment污染物尽可能减少，最小化倾倒循环使用灌溉居住于……节约使用保护再利用短缺污染生态系统有益于环保的环境恶化当地的居民紫外线皮肤癌防晒霜有毒的无毒的免疫系统一次性的（人）吸入负面影响沙尘暴砍伐森林可以被环境吸收的联合的国际社会而不是国际社区臭氧层对……形成压力…有环保意识的不可逆的化学反应安静的，宁静的有限的自然资源替代性能源商品包装的总称污染二氧化碳排放汽车尾气酸雨冰川排放（污染物）可持续发展节约植被光合作用太阳能风能核能水电烟雾重的呼吸系统疾病极大的痛苦人造的改变，变更适当的愤慨的鼓励环保开采自然资源热带雨林侵蚀连锁反应水波效应，连锁反应蝴蝶效应，连锁反应彻底改变我们的生活贫瘠的土地肥沃的土地警惕 &化肥杀虫剂丰富的，充裕的辐射（多指对环境、建筑等）破坏恶化生态平衡可持续发展环保主义者对环境无害的各国必须携手解决环境问题增强公众关于……的意识让资源承受很大压力破坏自然环境砍伐森林增加农产品产量可再生资源消耗用尽严厉的措施某一地区所有生物总称生物的多样性污水温室效应严重的白色污染产生的垃圾谴责而不是纵容肥沃的土壤贫瘠的土壤耕地Money珍贵的毫无价值的不安全感节俭的省钱的保持收支平衡紧张的预算奢侈的时尚的身无分文的昂贵的（商店或者餐厅等）高档的聚敛精致的，精美的天价“高端的”，可以指服务场所，也可以指商品低端的不仅是好运，也经常指财富富有的贫穷的富人与穷人抵抗诱惑服装财产地位和身份的象征顾客公司的或者律师等专业人士的客户需求欲望贪欲妒忌（形容词）无法抵制的有诱惑力的慷慨慈善事业或者慈善组织慈善事业生活很悲惨捐赠看不起贬低粗活儿Leisure短期旅行观光有导游的旅行跟团游自助游异域风情的有益环保的旅游背包族旅游景点旅行社纪念品探索古代留下来的东西城堡手工制品文物珍惜收藏美术馆，画廊开阔某人的眼界抽象画具象画风景画静物画人像画油画壁画雕刻萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

托福考试写作词汇包

写作高频词汇替换1. 认为：think--hold—maintain—assume—argue—claim—deem—reckon2. 获得：get--obtain—gain—achieve—acquire—have access to3. 有：have--own—possess4. 帮助：help--assist—facilitate—give a hand to—act as a contributing factor to5. 使用，利用：use--utilize—exploit—take advantage of6. 给，提供：give--provide—offer—afford—confer7. 想要：want--desire—be eager for8. 好的：good—positive—beneficial—effective—constructive—superior9. 坏的：bad—negative—harmful—devastating—deteriorating—inferior10. 许多，大量：many--a vast number of—numerous—a wealth of—a host of—a multitude of11. 各种各样的：different kinds of—a variety of, a wide range of—diverse—diversified12. 人们：people—individuals—citizen—the public13. 发展,增长：development—improvement—progress—progression—advancement—growth—flourish—prosperity—boost14. 促进，推动：develop—improve—promote—enhance—strengthen—upgrade—boost15. 重要：important—significant—essential—critical—crucial—vital—pivotal16. 重视：focus on—emphasize—highlight—attach importance to –give priority to17. 忽视：ignore—neglect—overlook—turn a blind eye to—fail to take into account18. 观点：idea—opinion—view—standpoint—notion—concept—thought—assumption19. 原因，因素：reason—cause—factor—contributor—trigger20. 优点：advantage—merit—benefit—virtue—upside—strength21. 缺点：disadvantage—demerit—defect—drawback—downside—weakness22. 解决，处理：sole—resolve—work out—fix—handle—deal with—cope with –tackle23. 关于：in terms of—when it comes to—as to—in regard to – relating to—with respectto—concerning—regarding—involving24. 采取，实施：adopt—undertake—carry out—initiate—implement—launch25. 措施，方案：measure—action—approach—policy—initiative26. 改变：change—transform—alter—shift—switch—convert27. 探讨，分析：explore—analyze—examine—explicit—illustrate28. 反驳，冲突：contradict—conflict with—challenge—deny—oppose—cast doubt on—counter--refute29. 普遍一般：common—universal—ubiquitous30. 足够：enough—sufficient--plentiful—abundant—ample31. 坚持：stick—adhere—cling32. 追求：pursue—seek33. 确切，准确：exact—accurate—precise34. 顶端：top—peak—summit35. 竞争者：competitor—rival—opponent36. 名声：fame—reputation—prestige37. 建立：build—establish—erect38. 基础的，根本的：primary—fundamental—radical39. 缓解：relieve—alleviate—ease--lighten40. 贫穷：poor—needy—impoverished—poverty—stricken41. 富有：rich—wealthy—affluent—well-off42. 流行：popular—prevailing—prevalent—pervasive43. 鼓励，刺激：encourage—motivate—stimulate—spur44. 保持：keep—preserve—conserve--retain—remain—maintain45. 完成：finish—complete—accomplish—fulfill46. 破坏，危害：destroy—damage—impair—undermine—jeopardize47. 幸福：happiness—cheerfulness—well-being48. 教育：education—schooling—parenting—upbringing49. 年轻人：young people—youth—youngsters—adolescents50. 老年人：old people—the elderly—senior citizen—the aged51. 责任：responsibility—obligation—liability52. 工作：job—career—employment—profession53. 娱乐，消遣：enjoyment—entertainment—pastimes—recreation54. 孩子：children—kid--offspring—descendant55. 起作用：play a…role in—exert a … part in—perform a …function in56. 对。

(完整版)托福必背高频词汇

托福必背高频词汇1. a matter of speculation =supposition n.推断2. a solicitation of =an invitation of n. 垦求;垦请3. abandoned= left a. 被遗弃的4. aberrant= abnormal a. 脱离常轨的,5. abort= quit v. 夭折;中止6. abruptly= suddenly ad. 突然地;意外地7. absorb =appeal v. 吸收;被…吸引8. absorb= learn(学习) v. 吸收9. absorb= take in v. 吸收;被…吸引10. abstract= not concrete a. 抽象的;非实际的11. absurd= ridiculous a. 荒谬的;可笑的12. abundance= large amount n. 大量13. abundance= great number n. 大量14. abundant = affluent a. 丰富的;大量的15. abundant= ample a. 丰富的;大量的16. abundant= numerous a. 丰富的;大量的17. abundant= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量18. abundant= substantial a. 丰富的;大量的19. abundantly= plentifully ad. 丰富地;大量地20. access =reach v. 接近21. accessible =reachable a. 可接近的22. accessible =easy to reach a. 易接近的23. accidental =unexpected a. 意外的;偶然的24. accommodate= provide for v. 提供25. accomplished =achieved a. 实现完成的26. accomplished =skilled a. 熟练的27. account= description n. 说明28. account for= explain v. 说明29. accumulate =collect v. 积累;聚集30. accumulate =pile up v. 积累;聚集聚集31. accurate =correct a. 正确的32. accurately= correctly ad. 正确地33. acknowledge= recognize v. 承认34. actually= in fact ad. 事实上35. added =extra a. 附加的;额外的36. adept =skilled a. 熟练的37. adherent= supporter n. 拥护者38. adjacent =nearby a. 毗连的39. adjacent =neighboring a. 毗连的40. adjust= modify v. 调整;改变…以适应41. administer = manage v. 管理42. admit= let in v. 准许进入43. adopt= enact v. 采用44. advance= improvement n. 发展;增长45. advent= arrival n. 出现;到来46. advent= beginning n. 出现;到来47. affair= matter n. 事件;事情48. afford= provide v. 提供;给予49. aggravate= increase v. 加重;增剧50. aggravate =annoy v. 使恼火51. aggregate= overall a. 聚集的;合计的52. aggregate= combined a. 聚集的;合计的53. agile= astute a. 灵活的;敏捷的54. agile= clever a. 灵活的;敏捷的55. agile= quick and active a. 灵活的;敏捷的56. agile= move and act quickly a. 灵活的;敏捷的57. air= feeling n. 气氛58. alarm= sound v. 警报59. alarm= warning n. 警告60. albeit= although conj. 尽管;虽然61. albeit =even though conj. 尽管;虽然62. allow= enable v. 允许63. allude= suggest v. 暗示64. allude to= refer to phrv. 提到65. ally with= link to v. 结盟66. alter= change to v. 改变67. amazing= remarkable/replacement a.令人惊讶的/非凡的68. ambiguous =vague a. 不明确的69. ambivalent =mixed a. 矛盾的70. ample= plentiful a. 充足的;丰富的71. ample =spacious a. 宽敞的72. anchor= hold in place v. 使固定73. ancient= old a. 古老的74. ancient =antique a. 古老的75. annihilate= destroy v. 消灭76. annihilate =completely remove v. 消灭77. annually= yearly ad. 每年78. anomaly= irregularity n. 异常的人或物79. antagonist =competitor n. 对手;敌手80. anticipate= expect v. 预期81. antiseptic =clean a. 抗菌的82. antithesis= opposite n. 对立面83. antler =horn n. 鹿角84. anxiety =worry n. 忧虑;担心85. apart from= exception phr. 除了…之外86. apart from =except for phr. 除了…之外87. apparatus= equipment n. 仪器;设备88. apparent =obvious a. 显然的89. apparently= clearly ad. 显然地90. appeal= attraction n. 吸引力91. appealing =attractive a. 有吸引力的92. appear= seem v. 似乎93. appearance= rise n. 出现94. appearance= arrival n. 出现95. appearance= showing up n. 出现96. application= use n. 应用97. appreciable= noticeable a. 相当可观的98. approach =method n. 方法99. approach= move toward v. 接近100. approximately= roughly ad. 大约地101. architecture= structure n. 构造102. archive= record v. 存档103. archive= stock v. 存档104. archive= store v. 存档105. arduous= difficult a. 艰巨的106. arid =dry a. 干旱的107. arise= emerge v. 出现108. arrangement= configuration n. 安排;布置109. array=range n. 一系列110. article= item n. 物品111. article= object n. 物品112. as a rule =in general phr. 通常113. assert= declare v. 断言;宣称114. assertion= strong statement n. 断言;主张115. asset= advantage n. 资产;有利条件116. assimilate= combine v. 同化117. assistance= help n. 帮助;协助118. assorted= various a. 各式各样的119. assume= believe v. 假定;设想120. assume= suppose v. 假定;设想121. assume= take on v. 承担122. assumption= premise n. 假设123. astonishing= amazing a. 惊人的124. astute= clever a. 敏锐的125. at random= without a definite pattern phr. 随便地; 任意地126. attachment to= preference for n. 依恋127. attain =achieve v. 达到;获得128. attainment =achievement n. 达到;获得129. attendant= accompanying a. 伴随的130. attest to =confirm v. 证实131. attribute= accredit v. 归于;认为132. attribute =characteristic n. 特点133. attribute to =credit with v. 归于; 认为134. attribution =character n. 属性135. augment= increase v. 增加;提高136. available =obtainable a. 可获得的137. avenue= method n. 途径;手段138. avenue =means n. 途径;手段139. avid= enthusiastic a. 热中的140. barely = just ad. 仅仅121. assume= take on v. 承担122. assumption= premise n. 假设123. astonishing= amazing a. 惊人的124. astute= clever a. 敏锐的125. at random= without a definite pattern phr. 随便地; 任意地126. attachment to= preference for n. 依恋127. attain =achieve v. 达到;获得128. attainment =achievement n. 达到;获得129. attendant= accompanying a. 伴随的130. attest to =confirm v. 证实查看全部：托福必背高频词汇大全(完整版)131. attribute= accredit v. 归于;认为132. attribute =characteristic n. 特点133. attribute to =credit with v. 归于; 认为134. attribution =character n. 属性135. augment= increase v. 增加;提高136. available =obtainable a. 可获得的137. avenue= method n. 途径;手段138. avenue =means n. 途径;手段139. avid= enthusiastic a. 热中的140. barely = just ad. 仅仅141. barge= boat n. 驳船142. barrier= obstacle n. 障碍143. barrier =impediment n. 障碍144. battle= struggle n. 搏斗;奋斗145. be inclined =tend v. 倾向146. be accustomed to= get used to phrv. 习惯147. be aware of =familiar with phrv. 了解148. be beforehand= foreordain v. 预先149. be closer resemblance to= be more like phr. 非常相似150. be consistent with= be compatible with phr. 一致的151. be entitled to= have the right phrv. 有…权利152. beckon= invite v. 招唤;引诱153. become extinct= die out phrv. 灭绝154. being= creature n. 生命155. beneficial =advantageous a. 有益的156. blossom= flourish v. 兴旺157. blossom= thrive v. 兴旺158. boast= puff v. 吹嘘159. boast= exaggerate v. 吹嘘160. bombard= assail v. 炮击;轰击161. bombard =assault v. 炮击;轰击162. bombard =strike v. 炮击;轰击163. boom= expansion n. 激增;爆涨164. boon= great benefit n. 利益165. boost= raise v. 增加;提高166. boundary= periphery n. 边界167. branch =division n. 分支168. breed= reproduce v. 繁殖;饲养169. brilliant= bright a. 光辉的;明亮的170. brittle= breakable a. 脆弱的171. brittle= fragile a. 脆弱的172. broad appeal =wide popularity a. 广泛的吸引力173. broadly =generally ad. 大体上174. broadly= extensively ad. 大体上175. bulk= majority n. 大部份176. bulk= large part n. 大部份177. bulk =major part n. 主体178. bulk= large portion n. 大部份179. bulk= great quantity n. 大部份180. burgeon= expand v. 急速成长181. bustling= lively a. 活跃的182. camouflage= disguise v. 伪装183. camouflage =hide v. 伪装184. camouflage= decorate(装饰) v. 伪装185. camouflage= blend with circumstances v. 伪装186. cardinal= fundamental a. 基本的187. cargo= shipment n. 船货;货物188. celebrated= famous a. 着名的189. central= essential a. 主要的190. certain= specified a. 指定的191. chancy =risky a. 冒险的查看全部：托福必背高频词汇大全(完整版)192. channel =provide v. 提供帮助193. channel =direct v. 引导194. channel =guide v. 引导195. chaotic= disorganized a. 混乱的196. cherish =value v. 珍爱197. chief= major a. 主要的198. chisel =carve v. 刻;凿199. choose= opt v. 选择200. chronic= persistent a. 长期的;不断的201. chronic =confirmed a. 长期的;不断的202. chronic= habitual a. 长期的;不断的203. chronic =inveterate a. 长期的;不断的204chronically=constantly ad. 长期地205. circuitous =indirect a. 迂迴的206. circumstance= condition n. 环境;情况207. cite= quote v. 引用208. cite =refer to v. 引用209. classic =typical a. 典型的210. clear =visible a. 容易看见的211. clear= apparent a. 显然的212. cling to= attach to v. 附着213. close= careful a. 严密的;周密的214. clue= hint n. 线索215. coating= cover n. 覆盖层216. coincide with= be as the same time as v.同时发生217. collaborate= cooperate v. 合作218. collaboration= joint effect n. 合作成果219. collect =gather v. 收集220. collide= hit each other v. 碰撞201. chronic =confirmed a. 长期的;不断的202. chronic= habitual a. 长期的;不断的203. chronic =inveterate a. 长期的;不断的204chronically=constantly ad. 长期地205. circuitous =indirect a. 迂迴的206. circumstance= condition n. 环境;情况207. cite= quote v. 引用208. cite =refer to v. 引用209. classic =typical a. 典型的210. clear =visible a. 容易看见的211. clear= apparent a. 显然的212. cling to= attach to v. 附着213. close= careful a. 严密的;周密的214. clue= hint n. 线索215. coating= cover n. 覆盖层216. coincide with= be as the same time as v.同时发生217. collaborate= cooperate v. 合作218. collaboration= joint effect n. 合作成果219. collect =gather v. 收集220. collide= hit each other v. 碰撞221. collide with =run into v. 碰撞222. commemorate =celebrate v. 庆祝;纪念223. compact =concise a. 紧密的;简明的224. compact= compressed(结实的) a. 紧密的;简明的225. comparable= equivalent a. 可比较的226. comparative = relative a.相当的227. compel =push v. 强迫228. compelling= convincing a. 令人信服的229. compensate= reimburse v. 赔偿;补偿230. compensate for =balance phrv. 赔偿;补偿231. complaint =protest v. 抗议232. complement= supplement n. 补充物233. complement= add to v. 补充234. completely= totally ad. 完全地235. complex= elaborate a. 复杂的236. complex =system n. 复合物;综合体237. complicated =complex a. 复杂的238. complicated =made things more difficult a. 复杂的239. component= constituent a. 组成的240. composition= mixture n. 合成物241. comprehensive= understandable a. 能理解的242. comprehensive= complete a. 全部的243. comprise= form v. 组成244. comprise =make up v. 组成245. concern= interest v. 感兴趣246. conclusive= final a. 最后的247. conclusive= ultimate a. 最后的248. conducive= contributive a. 有助于...的249. configuration= arrangement n. 布局;结构250. configuration= form n. 佈局;结构251. confine =limit/boundary v. 限制252. confront= face v. 面临253. congeal= solidify v. 使凝结254. consecutive= successive a. 连续的255. consequence= result n. 结果;重要性256. consequence =importance n. 结果;重要性257. consequent= later a. 随后的258. consequent= resultant a. 作为结果的259. consequent =resulting a. 作为结果的260. consequential= significant a. 重要的261. consequently= therefore ad. 因此262. consequently= thus ad. 因此263. conserve= save v. 保存264. consider =think as v. 考虑;认为265. consider =view as v. 考虑;认为266. consider =think about v. 考虑;认为认为267. considerable= substantial/significant a. 相当大的268. consist of =compose of v. 由…组成269. consistent= regular a. 一致的270. consistently=regularly ad. 一致地271. conspicuous= notable a. 明显的272. constant =stable a. 固定的;不变的273. constantly =always ad. 经常;不断地274. constellation =collection n. 一系列;一群275. constellation =combination n. 一系列;一群276. constitution= component n. 构造277. constrain =restrict v. 限制278. constraint= limit n. 限制279. constraint= restriction n. 限制280. consume= eat up v. 消耗;吃;喝吃;喝281. consumed= used up v. 消耗282. contemplate= consider v. 沉思283. contentious= disputed a. 好争吵的284. continual= constant a. 不间断的;连续的285. continuous =uninterrupted a. 连续的;持续的286. contrive= create v. 发明287. contrive= invent v. 发明288. conventional= customary a. 习惯的;惯例的289. conventional= traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的290. converging= concentrating a. 收缩的;会聚的291. convert =transform v. 使转变292. convert into= change to v. 转变成293. convict= condemn v. 宣判294. convict =sentence v. 宣判295. convict =doom(判决) v. 宣判296. conviction= belief n. 相信;信念297. conviction =strong belief n. 坚定的信念298. cope with= handle phrv. 应付;处理299. cope with= deal with phrv. 应付;处理300. copious= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的281. consumed= used up v. 消耗282. contemplate= consider v. 沉思283. contentious= disputed a. 好争吵的284. continual= constant a. 不间断的;连续的285. continuous =uninterrupted a. 连续的;持续的286. contrive= create v. 发明287. contrive= invent v. 发明288. conventional= customary a. 习惯的;惯例的289. conventional= traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的290. converging= concentrating a. 收缩的;会聚的291. convert =transform v. 使转变292. convert into= change to v. 转变成293. convict= condemn v. 宣判294. convict =sentence v. 宣判295. convict =doom(判决) v. 宣判296. conviction= belief n. 相信;信念297. conviction =strong belief n. 坚定的信念298. cope with= handle phrv. 应付;处理299. cope with= deal with phrv. 应付;处理300. copious= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的301. core =center n. 核心;要点302. correspondence= harmony n. 一致303. corroborate= confirm v. 证实;确证304. costly= expensive a. 贵重的;昂贵的305. counsel =advise v. 忠告306. countless= innumerable a. 数量很多的307. counter= oppose v. 反对308. counter of= in the opposite of a. 相反的309. counterpart= version(版本) n. 复本;副本310. counterpart= similitude(类似物) n. 复本;副本311. counterpart= equivalent(同等物) n. 复本;副本321. critical= essential a. 关键的322. criticize =debate(争论;辩论) v. 批评;责备323. crucial= important a. 重要的324. crucially= decisively ad. 关键地325. crushed =ground a. 碾碎了的326. cumbersome awkward a. 笨重的;麻烦的327. cumbersome= clumsy a. 笨重的;麻烦的328. cumbersome= unwieldy a. 笨重的;麻烦的329. curb= control v. 控制;遏止330. current =present a. 现在的331. dam= block v. 筑坝;控制341. delight= pleasure n. 高兴;愉快342. deluxe= lavish a. 奢华的343. demand= need n. 需要;需求344. demise =extinction n. 死亡345. demography= population n. 人口统计346. dense= crowded a. 稠密的;密集的347. dense= thick a. 稠密的;密集的348. depend= rely on v. 依赖;依靠依靠349. dependable= reliable a. 可信赖的350. depict= describe v. 描述351. depict= portray v. 描写;描绘352. depletion= drain n. 消耗;用尽353. deposit =accumulate v. 沉积354. deposit= lay down v. 放下;放置355. derive= arise v. 源于;导出356. design =create v. 设计357. designate= identify v. 命名;指定358. detractor= critic(批评者) n. 诽谤者;恶意批评者359. detrimental =harmful a. 有害的;不利的360. deviate= digress v. 偏离361. deviation= departure n. 背离362. devise= create v. 设计;发明363. devoid of= lack of a. 缺乏的364. devoid of= without(prep.) a. 缺乏的365. devoid of= scant of a. 缺乏的366. devoted =dedicated a. 虔诚的;专心致志的367. devoted to =concentrated on a. 虔诚的;专心致志的368.discernible = noticeable a. 可感知到，可注意到的369. dictate= determine v. 口授;命令370. dictate= order v. 命令371. differential= uneven a. 差别的;独特的372. diffuse =travel v. 扩散;散布373. diffuse= spread(out) v. 扩散;散布374. diligent= careful a. 勤奋的375. diligently= carefully ad. 勤奋地376. dilute= reduce v. 稀释;使薄弱377. dim= decrease v. 变暗淡378. disassemble= break apart v. 拆开379. disassemble =break up v. 拆开380. disband =dismiss v. 解散;遣散381. discard= throw away v. 摒弃;丢弃382. discard= throw up v. 摒弃;丢弃丢弃383. discernible= noticeable a. 可辨别的384. discernible= discriminating a. 可辨别的385. discharge= release v. 释放386. disentangle =disband v. 解开387. disgust= distaste v. 厌恶388. disintegrate= break apart v. 分解;碎裂389. disintegrate =fall apart v. 分解;碎裂390. disintegrate= tear apart v. 分解;碎裂391. dismantle =demolish v. 拆开;拆除392. disorder= anarchy n. 混乱393. dispensable= not necessary a. 非必要的394. dispersal =distribution n. 散布;驱散395. displace= move out of position v. 迫使(人)离开396. disposition= temperament n. 性格;性情397. dispute= contention n. 争论;争执398. dispute =argument n. 争论;争执399. dissipate= disperse v. 驱散400. dissipated =dispersed a. 分散的401. dissuade =discourage v. 劝阻402. distinct= clear and recognizable a. 清楚的;明确的403. distinction= difference n. 差别404. distinction= honor n. 荣誉405. distinction= excellence n. 优秀;卓越406. distinctive= characteristic a. 有特色的407. distinguish= notice from the difference v. 区别; 识别408. distribute= spread v. 分配;散布409. distribution= dispersion n. 散布410. distribution =geographic range n. 分布区域411. disturb= upset v. 打乱;扰乱412. diverse= distinct a. 不同的413. diversification= emergence of many varieties n. 多样化414. diversity =variety n. 多样性415. divest =deprive v. 剥夺416. divest =get rid of v. 剥夺417. domestic= home a. 家庭的;国内的418. dormant= hibernated a. 休眠的;不活动的419. dormant= inactive a. 休眠的;不活动的420. dramatically= greatly ad. 戏剧性地421. drastic= extreme a. 激烈的;极端的422. drastically =obviously ad. 大大地;彻底地423. drastically =severely(严重地) ad. 大大地;彻底地424. dual =double a. 双的;双重的425. duplicate= copy v. 复制426. duplicate= repeat n. 复本427. durable= lasting a. 经久的;持久的428. earn= acquire v. 赚得;赢得429. ease= facilitate(使容易) v. 使减轻;使缓和430. eccentric= erratic a. 古怪的;反常的431. eccentric =strange a. 古怪的;反常的432. efface= eliminate v. 消去433. elaborate =detailed a. 精巧的;详尽的434. elaborate= dainty a. 精巧的;详尽的435. elapsed =passed a. 过去的;经过的436. element =weather condition n. (恶劣的)天气437. eliminate= remove v. 排除;消除438. elusive =difficult to catch a. 难懂的;难捉摸的439. emanate= emerge v. 散发;产生440. embark on=start v. 从事(着手)441. embed= insert v. 插入;植入442. embed= implant v. 插入;植入443. embed =enclose v. 插入;植入444. emergence= appearance n. 出现445. emergency =crisis n. 紧急情况446. emergent =developing a. 新兴的447. employ= use v. 利用448. enable =allow v. 使能够449. enactment= establishment n. 制定450. encapsulate= state briefly v. 概述451. encourage= stimulate v. 激励;刺激452. endangered= not abundant a. 濒临绝种的453. endeavor= enterprise n. 努力454. endow= bestow v. 捐赠455. engulf= swallow v. 吞没456. enhance= improve v. 提高;增强457. enhance= intensify v. 提高;增强458. enjoy =experience v. 经历459. enlist= obtain v. 谋取(支持、赞助等)460. enormous= great a. 巨大的461. enrich= enhance v. 使富足462. ensue= result v. 因…产生463. ensuing= subsequent a. 接着发生的464. ensure= guarantee v. 保证;担保465. entail=l involve v.牵涉466. enthusiastic= eager a. 热情的467. environment= setting n. 环境468. ephemeral =short-lived a. 短暂的469. ephemeral =transient a. 短暂的470. episode= event n. 事件471. equilibrium= balance n. 平衡472. era =period n. 时代;年代473. eradicate= remove completely v. 根除;消灭474. erect =build v. 建立475. erratic= unpredictable a. 不稳定的;古怪的476. erratic= irregular a. 不稳定的;古怪的477. escalate= extend v. 逐步扩大478. essential= crucial a. 极重要的479. established =qualified a. 已制定的480. establishment =formation(构成) n. 建立;创立481. estimate= projection n. 估计482. estimation =evaluation n. 估计483. euphoric= extremely happy a. 心情愉快的484. evaluate= judge v. 评价485. eventual= later a. 最后的486. eventually= later ad. 最后487. eventually= ultimately ad. 最后488. evidence= proof n. 证据489. evident= apparent a. 明显的490. evident =obvious a. 明显的491. evoke= arouse v. 唤起;引起492. evoke= draw v. 唤起;引起493. evoke=produce v. 唤起;引起494. evoke= promote v. 唤起;引起495. evoke= stimulate v. 唤起;引起496. evoke =create in the mind v. 唤起; 引起497. exaggerate =overstate v. 夸张;夸大498. excavate =dig out v. 挖掘499. excavation =dug-out n. 挖掘500. exceed= surpass v. 超越;胜过501. exceed =beyond above v. 超越;胜过胜过502. exceedingly =extremely ad. 极其;非常503. excess =go beyond n. 超越; 胜过504. exclusively= only ad. 专门地;独占地505. excrete= expel v. 排泄;分泌506. exercise =use v. 运用507. exhausted= tired a. 精疲力竭的508. exhausted= used up a. 耗尽的;用完的509. exhibit =demonstrate v. 展示;陈列510. exhibit =display v. 展示;陈列511. expand= stretch v. 展开;增长512. expand =increase v. 展开;增长513. expanse= area n. 一大片区域514. expansive= large a. 广阔的515. expediency= convenience n. 方便;利己516. expediency= advantage(优势;利益) n.方便;利己517. expedient= fitting a. 权宜的;方便的518. expend= use v. 耗尽519. explicit =obvious a. 明确的;清楚的520. explicitly= clear ad. 明确地521. exploit= utilize v. 利用522. exploit= take advantage of v. 利用523. exploit= make use of v. 利用524. explore= investigate v. 探测;探索525. expose to= subject to (遭受) v. 使经历526. express= communicate v. 表达527. extant= existing a. 现存的;尚存的528. extant =remaining a. 现存的;尚存的529. extant= not extinct a. 现存的;尚存的530. extend= stretch v. 延伸531. extend= reach v. 延伸532. extol =praise v. 赞美533. extraneous= inessential a. 无关的;外来的534. extraneous= from outside a. 无关的;外来的535. extraordinary= exceptional a. 异常的536. exude= release v. 渗出;发散537. exude= give off v. 渗出;发散538. fabricate= produce v. 制造539. far-reaching= extensive a. 深远的;广泛的540. far-reaching= broad a. 深远的;广泛的541. fascinating= extremely attractive a. 迷人的542. fashion= make v. 形成;造543. fashion= way n. 样子;方式544. fashionable =popular a. 流行的;时尚的545. feasible= achievable a. 可实行的546. feasible= practical a. 可实行的547. feast= eating n. 盛宴548. ferry= transport n. 渡轮549. fertile= reproductive a. 肥沃的;多产的550. fertile= productive a. 肥沃的;多产的551. figure out =map(详细规划) phr. 计算出;解决552. finding= discovery n. 发现553. first and foremost =above all phr. 首先;首要地554. flake =fragment n. 小薄片555. flattery= praise n. 恭维556. flee= run away from v. 逃走557. flexible= adaptable a. 易适应的558. float= stay on the top v. 漂浮559. float =upward rise phrv. 浮起560. flourish =prosper v. 繁荣;兴旺561. flourish= thrive v. 繁荣;兴旺562. flourishing= prosperous a. 繁荣的563. flow= movement n. 流动564. fluctuate= change v. 变动565. fluctuation= variation n. 变动;起伏566. focal= point centre area n. 焦点567. follow= track v. 跟随568. for instance= for example phr. 例如569. forage= feed n. 饲料570. forage =search for food v. 觅食571. formidable =excessive a. 巨大的572. foster= encourage v. 鼓励573. foster= urge v. 培养;促进574. foster =promote the development of v.培养;促进575. foul= pollute v. 污染576. fragment= break up v. 使成碎片577. fragmentation= break n. 破裂578. fragmentize= break up v. 使成碎片579. frankly =openly ad. 坦白地580. frankly= sincerely ad. 真诚地581. friction= conflict n. 争执;不合582. function= operation n. 效用;作用583. function= utility n. 效用;作用584. fundamental =basic a. 基础的585. funds= money n. 资金586. furthermore= in addition ad. 此外587. gap= opening n. 缺口;裂口588. gear =adjust v. 使适合589. generate= produce v. 产生590. genuinely =actually ad. 真诚地591.get accustomed to= become used to phrv.习惯592. give rise to= produce phrv. 引起593. given =particular a. 规定的;特定的594. govern= regulate v. 统治;管理595. govern= control v. 统治;管理596. grasp =understand v. 领会;理解597. groom= clean v. 装扮;使整洁598. groom =make up v. 装扮;使整洁使整洁599. groundless =unfounded a. 无根据的600. grounds =reasons n. 根据;理由601. groundwork= base n. 基础602. groundwork= basis n. 基础603. groundwork= foundation n. 基础604. grudging= unenthusiastic a. 勉强的605. guarantee= ensure v. 保证;担保606. hallmark= characteristic n. 戳记，标志607. hamper =district v. 防碍;束缚608. hamper= restrict v. 防碍;束缚609. hamper =make difficulty v. 防碍;束缚610. handy= convenient a. 便利的;灵活的611. haphazard= random a. 随意的612. harness= use v. 利用613. harness= utilize v. 利用614. harsh= drastic a. 严厉的;严酷的615. hasty= hurried a. 匆匆的;急忙的616. haul= pull v. 拉617. have nothing to do with= in no relation to phrv. 不相干618. havoc= destruction n. 浩劫619. hazard =danger n. 危险620. heed= notice v. 留心;注意621. heighten= increase v. 增加;提高622. heir= inheritor n. 继承人;后继者623. hence= therefore ad. 因此624. heritage =legacy n. 遗产;传统625. heritage= tradition n. 遗产;传统626. heterogeneous= varied a. 由不同种类组成的627. hide= conceal v. 隐藏628. hinder= interfere with v. 妨碍629. hint= clue n. 暗示;迹象630. hint= implication n. 暗示;迹象631. hint= indication n. 暗示;迹象632. hint= lead n. 暗示;迹象633. hire= employ v. 雇用634. hobby= pastime n. 嗜好635. hold =support v. 支撑;保持636. hold= keep up v. 支撑;保持保持637. hollow= an empty space n. 中空638. homogeneous =uniform a. 同种的639. host of =great number n. 大量640. however =yet conj. 然而641. hub= center n. 中心642. huge= large a. 巨大的643. hurdle =fence v. 用篱笆围644. hypothetical =supposed a. 假设的;假定的645. ice sheet= glacier(冰河) n. 冰原646. identical= the same a. 同样的647. idiosyncrasies =peculiarity n. 特性648. ignite= set on fire v. 点燃649. illusion= impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像650. immediately= closest ad. 接近;紧接着651. immense= great a. 巨大的652. immense= huge a. 巨大的653. immense= vast a. 巨大的654. immensely= extremely ad. 非常655. immigration= movement n. 移居656. immobile= fixed a. 固定的;静止的657.immobility= absence of motion n. 固定;静止658. immoral= indecent a. 不道德的659. immoral= improper a. 不道德的660. impermeable= impenetrable a. 不能渗透的661. impermeable =impervious a. 不能渗透的662. impetus= stimulus v. 刺激;促进663. impetus= incentive n. 刺激;促进664. implausible= unbelievable a. 难以置信的665. implement= tool n. 工具666. imply= indicate v. 意味667. imposing= impressive a. 给人深刻印象的668. imprecise= inexact a. 不精确的669. improbable= unlikely a. 不像会发生的670. in fact= actually phr事实上671. in great demand =in popularity phr. 普遍672. in respect to= in term of phr. 就…而言673. inaccessible= unreachable a. 难接近的674. inadvertently= unintentionally ad. 非故意地675. inadvertently =without knowing ad. 非故意地676. inauspicious= unfavorable a. 不吉利的677. incidentally= by the way ad. 顺便一提678. inclement =unfavorable a. (气候)严酷的679. inconceivable= unimaginable a. 难以置信的680. inconclusive= without result(毫无结果) a. 不确定的681. incorporate= include v. 包含682. incorporate= merge v. 吸收;併入683. incursion= invasion n. 入侵684. indicate= demonstrate v. 指示;指出685. indigenous =native a. 本土的;土生土长的686. indispensable =essential a. 不可缺少的687. indispensable= necessary a. 不可缺少的688. indispensable= needed a. 不可缺少的689. indispensable= required a. 不可缺少的690. indispensable= vital a. 不可缺少的691. indispensable= significant(重要的) a.必不可少的692. induce =bring v. 引起693. induce =cause v. 引起694. ineffectively= without any result ad. 无效地695. inert= motionless a. 迟缓的;惰性的696. inert= motiveless a. 迟缓的;惰性的697. inevitable= unavoidable a. 不可避免的698. inference= conclusion n. 推断的结果699. infirm= weak a. 不坚定的;衰弱的700. inflate= expand v. 膨胀;扩大701. infrastructure= foundation n. 基础建设702. ingenious= very clever a. 心灵手巧的703. ingenuity= cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性704. ingenuity= creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性705. ingenuity= inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性706. ingenuity= resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性707. inherent= essential a. 内在的;固有的708. inherent= internal a. 内在的;固有的709. inherent= instinctive a. 与生俱来的710. inherent= in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的711. inherently =essentially ad. 固有地712. inhibit =hinder v. 约束;抑制713. inhospitable= unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的714. inhospitable= adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的715. initial= first a. 最初的716. initially =originally ad. 最初;开头717. initiate= begin v. 开始;创始718. initiate =start v. 开始;创始719. innovation =new n. 革新;创新720. innovative= new a. 创新的721. inordinate= excessive a. 过度的722. install= put in place v. 放置，安置723. instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间724. instantaneous= immediate a. 即刻的725. instigate= incite v. 唆使;煽动726. instructive= informative v. 富有教育意义的727. insufficient= inadequate a. 不足的728. intact= untouched a.完好的729. intangible =nonmaterial a. 无形的730. intangible= immaterial a. 无形的731. integral= essential a. 构成整体所需要的732. intense =strong a. 强烈的733. intentionally= deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地734. intermediate= in-between a./n. 中间的;媒介735. intimate =close a. 亲密的736. intricate= complex a. 复杂的737. intricate =carefully shaped a. 复杂的738. intrigue= interest v. 引发…兴趣。

托福综合写作必备的65个词汇

托福综合写作必备的65个词汇1)Beetle甲虫2)DoubtDoubt the truth of the statement怀疑这种说法是否符合事实3)Blossom花cherry blossoms樱桃花4)Fossil化石The fossils may be a million years old.这些化石可能有100万年了。

5)Remnant残余物The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area.这片树林仅仅剩下的一部分，原来这个带是一大片森林。

6)Relics残余物A museum with relics of great explorers收藏伟大探险家遗物的博物馆7)Structure结构The structure of soil土壤结构8)Composition成分；构成；构图the composition of a chemical化学药品的构成成分The painting has a graceful composition.这幅画构图雅致。

9)Come to the conclusion得出结论He came to the conclusion that the machine was out of order.他断定机器出了毛病。

10)feed on以......为食物All animals including men feed on plants or other animals.包活人类在内的一切动物都是靠吃植物或其他动物过活的。

11)wind power generation风力发电12)Pristine未开发的；处于原始状态的Pristine， pollution-free beaches没有污染的原始海滩13)Windmill风车14)Locals本地人The locals are very friendly.当地人很友好。

新托福写作的1180个必备单词

Education作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent；青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生分开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation≈involvement干扰n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获取vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟练掌握……be proficient in榜样role model同龄人n. peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective动力n. motivation沮丧n. frustration家长给小孩的教育n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities （某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)有创造力的adj. creative / original对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色perform well为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊严n. dignity评估n. evaluation对……非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉迷于……indulge in…发人深思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握n. literacy对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy误入歧途go astray给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully 逃学n. truancy很有启发的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promotethestudent’sphysical/mental(orintellectual)andemotionaldevelopment心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。

托福的词汇表整理

托福的词汇表整理托福考试是一个重视词汇量的英语考试，因此扩大词汇量对于预备托福考试格外重要。

下面是一个大约包含1500个常用托福词汇的整理：A1. abandon-放弃2. ability-力量3. abolish-废除4. absorb-吸取5. abstract-抽象的6. absurd-荒谬的7. abundant-丰富的8. abuse-滥用9. accelerate-加速10. accessible-可接近的B11. bias-偏见12. bless-祝愿13. blend-混合14. boast-夸耀15. boundary-边界16. breed-繁殖17. brief-简短的18. brilliant-杰出的19. budget-预算20. bully-欺侮第1页/共11页C21. calculate-计算22. capable-能干的23. capture-捕获24. cautious-当心的25. celebrate-庆祝26. challenge-挑战27. charity-慈善28. clarify-澄清29. client-客户30. climate-气候D31. decade-十年32. decay-腐败33. decline-衰退34. decorate-装饰35. dedicate-奉献36. defend-保卫37. define-定义38. democracy-民主39. demonstrate-证明40. dense-密集的E41. eager-渴望的42. efficient-高效的43. eliminate-消退44. embrace-拥抱45. emerge-消灭46. emphasize-强调47. enable-使能够48. encounter-患病49. enhance-增加50. enormous-巨大的F51. facilitate-促进52. faithful-忠诚的53. former-前者的54. foundation-基础55. fraud-欺诈56. frustrate-使懊丧57. fundamental-基本的58. furthermore-此外59. furious-生气的60. fusion-融合G61. gender-性别62. generate-生成63. global-全球的64. gradual-渐渐的65. grant-授予66. greed-贪欲67. grief-哀痛68. guarantee-保证69. guide-指导第3页/共11页70. guilty-有罪的H71. habitat-栖息地72. harmony-和谐73. hazardous-危急的74. hence-因此75. hesitate-迟疑76. host-主持77. humble-虚心的78. hurricane-飓风79. hypothesis-假设80. identical-相同的I81. illustrate-说明82. immense-巨大的83. impact-影响84. implement-实施85. imply-示意86. inevitable-不行避开的87. infect-感染88. inferior-低劣的89. influence-影响90. innovative-创新的J91. jealous-嫉妒的92. justify-证明93. keen-热衷的94. launch-放射95. liberty-自由96. logic-规律97. loyal-忠诚的98. luxury-铺张品99. maximize-最大化100. motivate-激励K101. keen-热衷的102. pace-速度103. mirror-反映104. mutual-相互的105. objective-客观的106. patience-急躁107. persistent-长久的108. potential-潜力109. process-过程110. prompt-快速的L111. labor-劳动112. landscape-风景113. launch-放射114. leisure-休闲115. liberate-解放116. logic-规律117. luxury-铺张品118. maintain-维持第5页/共11页119. majority-大多数120. massive-大规模的M121. magnify-放大122. manipulate-操纵123. maximize-最大化124. medieval-中世纪的125. mercy-慈善126. mislead-误导127. modify-修改128. moral-道德的129. mystery-奇特130. negotiate-协商N131. neglect-忽视132. network-网络133. neutral-中立的134. nevertheless-然而135. noble-高尚的136. nourish-滋养137. numerous-很多的138. nurture-培育139. obstacle-障碍140. option-选择O141. objective-客观的142. obtain-获得143. obstacle-障碍144. omit-省略145. opinion-观点146. organize-组织147. overwhelming-压倒性的148. obvious-明显的149. modify-修改150. obligation-责任P151. perceive-感知152. persist-坚持153. perspective-观点154. precise-精确的155. prevail-流行156. principle-原则157. proclaim-宣布158. profound-深刻的159. progress-进步160. promote-促进Q161. qualify-使具备资格162. quality-质量163. quantity-数量164. quest-追求165. quote-引用166. urban-城市的167. reassuring-使人放心的第7页/共11页168. reflect-反映169. regime-政权170. render-使成为R171. random-随机的172. rational-理性的173. recent-最近的174. recover-康复175. remarkable-卓越的176. reliable-牢靠的177. renewable-可再生的178. represent-代表179. restore-恢复180. reveal-揭露S181. sacred-神圣的182. scale-规模183. scarce-稀缺的184. scheme-方案185. significance-重要性186. skeptical-怀疑的187. sophisticated-简单的188. strategy-策略189. substantial-大量的190. successor-继任者T191. technique-技术192. temporary-临时的193. terror-恐怖194. transform-转变195. transparent-透亮的196. tremendous-巨大的197. ultimately-最终地198. unique-独特的199. universe-宇宙200. utilize-利用U201. unanimous-全都的202. undergo-经受203. undermine-减弱204. uphold-支持205. uprising-起义206. urgent-紧急的207. utilize-利用208. utmost-极度的209. utter-说出210. undermine-减弱V211. vacant-空缺的212. valid-有效的213. vanish-消逝214. venture-冒险215. verify-核实216. versatile-多才多艺的第9页/共11页217. virtue-美德218. vision-视力219. vital-至关重要的220. vow-宣誓W221. welfare-福利222. whereas-然而223. wicked-邪恶的224. withdraw-撤退225. widespread-广泛的226. witness-目击者227. withstand-经受住228. worship-崇拜229. worthy-值得的230. yield-产生X231. xenophobia-仇外心理232. xenophilic-爱外国事物的233. xenology-外星学234. xenial-外国人的235. xenobiotics-外源性物质236. xenoloneliness-外地人的孤独237. xenolinguistics-外语学238. xenophilia-对外国人的宠爱239. xenodochial-好客的240. xenolith-岩石中的异质体Y千里之行，始于足下。

新托福独立写作必背话题词汇

可信的 adj. reliable/ trustworthy
道德准则 code of conduct
无处不在的 adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent
处在公众注意力的焦点 in the spotlight
传闻 n. gossip
四、Success 成功
决心 n. determination 座右铭 n. motto
of all proportions
公正客观的 objective and balanced
揭露 v. expose/ reveal
侵犯隐私 violate someone’s privacy
毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish one’s reputation
掩盖 v. cover up/ gloss over
过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive violent
and pornographic contents
有误导性的 adj. misleading/ distorted
报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. in detail
夸大事件 exaggerate things/ blow things out
名望 n. fame
不幸 n. misfortune
残疾的 adj. disabled 对手 n. rival
在某方面成功 succeed in sth.
态度 n. attitude 毅力 n. perseverance
逆境 n. adversity/ hardship
决定性的，有决断力的 adj. decisive
完全与世隔绝 entirely cut off from the

新托福写作必备单词1180

Education1.作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment2.选修课n. elective3.学分n. credit4.青少年n. adolescent ；青春期的adj. adolescent5.青少年children and youth6.教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology7.适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.8.适应能力n. adaptability9.应用v. apply10.把学生分开教育segregate students11.团队精神team spirit12.独立思考think independently13.在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding14.学生的反馈students’ feedback15.学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance16.通才n. generalist17.专才n. specialist18.全面发展的adj. well-rounded19.为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)20.人文学科n. humanities21.社会科学social sciences22.艺术n. arts23.文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts24.理科n. sciences25.工科n. engineering26.基础科学basic sciences27.应用科学applied sciences28.学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline 管教vt. discipline29.自制力n. self-discipline30.小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education31.职业教育vocational education/ training32.互动vt. interact33.学校给学生的教育n. schooling34.学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)35.心理的adj. psychological36.参与n. participation ≈involvement37.干扰n. distraction38.记忆vt. memorize39.获取vt. acquire40.以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered41.以学生为中心的adj. student- centered42.熟练掌握……be proficient in43.榜样role model44.同龄人n. peer45.对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective46.动力n. motivation47.沮丧n. frustration48.家长给小孩的教育n. parenting49.用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities50.（某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)51.有创造力的adj. creative / original52.对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)53.表现出色perform well54.为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for55.自尊n. self-esteem56.尊严n. dignity57.评估n. evaluation58.对……非常好的掌握n. mastery59.好奇心n. curiosity60.精英n. elite61.应试教育test-oriented education62.富于想象力的imaginative63.沉迷于……indulge in …64.发人深思的adj. thought- provoking65.无知的adj. ignorant66.文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate67.学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler68.对文字技能的掌握n. literacy69.对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy70.误入歧途go astray71.给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing72.令人振奋的adj. uplifting73.给人动力的adj. motivating74.单亲家庭n. single-parent family75.未成年人n. minors76.溺爱vt. spoil77.青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime78.欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully79.逃学n. truancy80.很有启发的adj. enlightening81.成型的阶段formative years82.植物学n. botany83.天文学n. astronomy84.培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture85.促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) and emotionaldevelopment86.心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare87.给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.88.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge89.灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values90.给学生以灵感give the students inspiration91.学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp (or command) of what has been taught92.就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills93.填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students94.学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。

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Education作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ；青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生分开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’ feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline 管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation ≈involvement干扰n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获取vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟练掌握……be proficient in榜样role model同龄人n. peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective动力n. motivation沮丧n. frustration家长给小孩的教育n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities（某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)有创造力的adj. creative / original对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色perform well为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊严n. dignity评估n. evaluation对……非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉迷于……indulge in …发人深思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握n. literacy对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy误入歧途go astray给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启发的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。

Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization’s own sake责任感a sense of obligation/ duty/ res-ponsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从follow sth. blindly/ follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力的发展extinguish/ stifle/ constrain creativity打击学生的积极性dampen ( or sap ) the students’ enthusiasm/ frustrate the students产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure塑造某人的性格mold one’s character来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically课外活动extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影。

A school is society in miniature.不遵守纪律n. indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief违反纪律的学生disruptive/ unruly students理论知识theoretical knowledge双语的adj. bilingual形容人嘴特碎的adj. nagging有趣的adj. stimulating认知的adj. cognitive监护人n. guardian中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生n. valedictorian大学毕业成绩最顶尖graduate summa cum laude阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate（学生）自我管理n. autonomy启迪n. edification具体一门课的内容n. syllabusTechnology非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art尖端的adj. cutting-edge彻底变革vt. revolutionize自动化的adj. automated机械化的adj. mechanized电脑生成的adj. computer-generated组装线assembly line大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变vt. transform突破n. breakthrough打破（传统的）界限break boundaries无限的可能endless possibilities发展v.&n. advance信息过剩information overload信息爆炸information explosion自给自足n. self-sufficiency虚拟世界the virtual world脱离现实be detached from reality（电脑的）摄像头n. webcam不可想象的adj. inconceivable远程通讯n. telecommunications高生产率的adj. productive自动化n. automation可利用的adj. available新颖的adj. novel耐用的adj. durable对用户友好的，方便使用的adj. user-friendly常规的adj. conventional增进，提高vt. enhance = boost加速speed up/ accelerate生产，制造vt. manufacture标准化的adj. standardized印刷机printing press电报n. telegraph外科手术n. surgery采用vt. adopt在家远程上班n. telecommuting网络银行（业务）online banking提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost productivity 减少人力的机器labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery自动化n. automation生物技术n. biotechnology克隆v. clone远程通讯n. telecommunications太空探索space exploration/ space probe人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming创新n. innovations有独创性的，精巧的adj. ingenious以惊人的速度at a staggering rate超轻的adj. ultra-lightweight超薄的adj. ultra-thin便携的adj. portable天线n. antenna器官移植organ transplant心脏起搏器n. pacemaker交易n. transactions载人登月manned landing on the Moon载人航天器manned spacecraft通讯卫星telecommunications satellite气象卫星weather satellite/ meteorological satellite发射台launch pad哈勃太空望远镜the Hubble Space Telescope防弹背心bulletproof vest尖端的技术cutting-edge technology信息爆炸information explosion ( or over-load)信息时代the information age ( or era)互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressionsMedia好奇心n. curiosity可靠的adj. dependable/ trustworthy报道n. coverage成为头条新闻make headlines有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy信息量大的adj. informative娱乐性强的adj. entertaining商品n. commodity商业化的adj. commercialized隐私n. privacy收视率n. ratings指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开go viral评价过高的adj. overrated记者n. journalists新闻界the press（多半指女孩子）追星族n. groupies追星族n. teenybopper某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物n. icon演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功make a splash澄清vt. clarify审查n. censorship夸大事实blow things out of proportion完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt. sway电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告n. commercial小传单广告n. flyer大幅广告牌n. billboard海报n. poster小报儿n. tabloid有奖竞猜节目quiz show真人秀reality show情景喜剧n. sitcom肥皂剧soap opera综艺节目variety show时事current affairs印刷媒体the print media电子媒体the electronic media报道新闻的机构news outlets充斥着……be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with审查v. censor删除v. delete/ eliminate/ excise过多的暴力与色情内容excessive (or gratuitous ) violent and pornographic contents 有误导性的adj. misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted诈骗性的adj. fraudulent虚假的adj. false/ bogus报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in graphic detail夸大事件exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportions 公正客观的objective and balanced揭露v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私violate (or intrude on/ infringe on ) someone’s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch one’s reputation狗仔队n. ( pl.) paparazzi名人n. ( pl.) celebrities丑闻n. scandals掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over/ whitewash客观的adj. objective不客观的adj. biased/ skewed/ unobjective如实的描述factual accounts可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy/ dependable及时的up-to-date/ up-to-minute道德准则code of ethics/ code of conduct监督vt. scrutinize无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent荒唐的，可笑的adj. absurd/ ludicrous高调的/低调的adj. high-profile/ low-profile独家新闻exclusive news（明星的）光环the glitz and glamour魅力四射的adj. glamorous处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight/ in the limelight媒体炒作media hype传闻n. gossip捏造的adj. fabricatedSuccess决心n. determination座右铭n. motto家喻户晓的名字a household name有一定成就的（形容人）adj. established辉煌的adj. glorious绝望n.&vi. despair适应能力强的adj. adaptable名望n. fame（很高的）声望n. prestige名声n. reputation不幸n. misfortune概率n. probability残疾的adj. disabled在某方面成功succeed in sth.态度n. attitude毅力n. tenacity/ perseverance一种直接而且被证明有效的去除……的方法a proven and straightforward way to do sth. 努力去做的事情n. commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor很有本事极容易成功的人go-getter很多人都希望得到的adj. highly-sought-after逆境n. adversity/ hardship很渴望得到……have a yearning/ longing/ craving for sth.个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性upward mobility优秀的adj. remarkable→excellent→outstanding→distinguished意志力n. willpower挫折n. setback坚忍不拔的adj. rugged顽固的adj. stubborn决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive不可逾越的adj. insurmountable某方面技能很高be adept in不知名的，默默无闻的adj. obscure身份和地位的象征status symbol战略，行动安排n. strategy坚持adhere to对手n. rival不切实际的幻想n. illusion不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable深思熟虑的adj. well-thought-out从贫穷到富有的成功故事a rags-to-riches story 昙花一现be a flash in the pan长处n. (pl.) strengths弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses重大的过错n. blunder可以原谅的错误n. peccadillo有魅力的adj. charismaticWork焦虑n. anxiety分配vt. assign冲突v.&n. conflict热情地接受v. embrace尝试n.&v. attempt竞争激烈的adj. competitive技巧很高的adj. accomplished在……方面很出众vi. excel in …蓝领n. blue-collar白领n. white-collar谈判n. negotiation应试技巧n. technique胜利n. triumph反馈n. feedback工作非常勤奋的adj. industrious建设性的adj. constructive有压力的adj. stressful令人筋疲力尽的adj. exhausting高薪/底薪工作high-paying jobs/ low-paying jobs 工资过高的adj. overpaid升级vt.&n. upgrade同事n. colleague同事n. coworker同事（蓝领）n. workmate明确的目标clear-cut/ specific goals员工的热情staff morale可行的adj. feasible耗时间的adj. time-consuming妥协n.&v. compromise牺牲n.&v. sacrifice责任分配delegation of responsibilities工作量n. workload心理压力psychological strain裁员n. layoff/ downsizing尽职尽责的adj. conscientious当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”n.&vt. Approach (to) 招聘vt. recruit激烈的竞争stiff/ fierce competition高水准的adj. high-caliber重大错误n. blunder有热情的adj. enthusiastic讨厌的人或东西n. nuisance自我表达n. self-expression自我印象，对自己的评价n. self-image自尊n. self-esteem远程会议n. teleconference/ teleconferencing一种很知足的状态n. contentment评价，评估n. assessment/ evaluation时间限制，时间上的制约n. time constraints不愿意去做某事be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.“工作”的正式说法n. profession/ occupation事业n. career天职n. calling敬业精神work ethic职业水准n. professionalism很高的专业素养n. expertise经验丰富的adj. experienced工作单位n. workplace白手起家的创业者n. entrepreneur事业心强的adj. enterprising艰巨的adj. daunting/ formidable睡眠严重不足的adj. sleep-deprived（人）闲着的，（物品）闲置的adj. idle重要的adj. significant→essential→vital狂热n. zeal十分投入的adj. devoted/ fervent/ ardent高尚的adj. lofty/ noble工作满意度job satisfaction稳定性n. stability非常难做的工作back-breaking work给人的精神压力很大的adj. nerve-racking和压力有关的疾病stress-induced diseases努力exert oneself满足感n. gratification合作vi. collaborate (with)就业技能employable skills人际交往能力interpersonal skills职业前景career prospects重复性的adj. repetitive自由职业者n. freelancer自雇的self-employed people人员，员工（集合概念）n. personnel有竞争力的adj. competent完美的adj. flawless失眠n. insomnia加班work overtime工作狂n. workaholic激励物，奖励条件n. incentive奖励，回报n. reward以身作则lead by example团结n. solidarity一致n. unity苛刻的adj. demanding薪酬n. compensation抱怨vt. whine员工福利fringe benefits/ perks/ employee benefits 偏执的adj. compulsive礼仪n. etiquette合作n. collaboration超级忙碌的adj. hecticGovernment废除（法律、制度等）vt. abolish实施vt. implement使……合法化vt. legalize首要任务n. priority建立vt. establish减轻、缓解vt. alleviate =ease =relieve当局the authorities禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit立法n. legislation税收tax revenue民主的adj. democratic高效率的adj. efficient优化资源分配optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定n. stability解决vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with严厉的，严格的adj. stringent短视的adj. short-sighted支出，花费n. expenditure社会保险social security老百姓n. citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory监督n. scrutiny监督v. scrutinize/ monitor为……拨款allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth. 预算n. budget政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.削减v. curtail增加v. augment当务之急n. priority把……当作当务之急give priority to sth.责任n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛n. arms race自卫n. self-defense国土安全national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy扩张n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环a vicious circle地区不稳定因素destabilizing factors规章制度rules and regulations太空竞赛space race武器n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施n. infrastructure公共交通系统public transportation/ transit system电网power grid石油天然气管线pipelines给排水系统water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施a stopgap measureFriends察觉到vt. detect外貌n. appearance吸引，吸引力n. attraction喜欢社交的adj. sociable忠实的adj. loyal志向ambition陪伴n. company（人）动手能力强的，（物品）轻便的adj. handy乐于并善于合作的adj. cooperative有条理的adj. organized聪明的adj. intelligent有天赋的，有才华的adj. gifted/ talented体育好的adj. athletic无忧无虑的，乐天派的happy-go-lucky/ carefree相互的adj. mutual有艺术气息的adj. artistic真诚的adj. sincere直率的adj. candid/ frank背叛vt. betray敌意n. animosity/ antagonism靠不住的朋友fair-weather friend好感，关爱n. affection拥抱n.&vt. hug安慰某人vt. reassure sb./ comfort sb.肤浅的，表面化的adj. superficial/ shallow表述清晰的，口才好的adj. eloquent永恒的adj. eternal活泼的，活跃的adj. lively谦虚的adj. modest尴尬的adj. awkward对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态adj. self-conscious 两难的困境n. dilemma确定性n. certainty真实的，真正的adj. genuine低估v. underestimate美德n. virtue调解v. reconcile荒唐可笑的adj. absurd/ ridiculous很烦人的adj. irritating承受力或者恢复能力强的adj. resilient低调的adj. low-profile/ low-key很支持的adj. supportive有感染力的adj. contagious豁达的，接受能力强的adj. open-minded狭隘的生活态度a parochial outlook toward life喜欢独处的solitary内向的adj. reserved富有同情心的adj. compassionate不爱多说话的adj. reticent让某人逐渐放得开bring a person out of his/ her shell本意虽好但把事情做砸了的adj. well-intentioned/ well-meaning 自我欺骗n. self-deception爱骗人的adj. deceitful自信的adj. assertive/ self-assured容忍的adj. tolerant机灵的adj. witty有智慧的adj. wise体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding口齿清楚的，表达能力强的adj. articulate很逗的adj. amusing极度搞笑的adj. hilarious过于自我的adj. egotistical漠然的adj. indifferent (to )孤立的adj. isolated喜欢虚荣的adj. vain懒散的adj. laid-back很友善的adj. congenial优雅的adj. elegant≈graceful好朋友n. chum花束n. bouquet杰出的adj. prominent（人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的adj. sophisticated顽强的adj. touch琐碎的adj. trivialOld vs. Young风俗习惯n. custom尊敬的adj. respectful很有活力的adj. energetic ≈dynamic有前途的adj. promising保守的adj. conservative根深蒂固的adj. entrenched/ ingrained悔恨的adj. rueful常规n. norm做事很主动的adj. proactive老式的adj. old-fashioned过时的adj. antiquated/ outdated恶化vi. deteriorate过时了的，没人用了的adj. obsolete僵化不变的adj. fossilized人均寿命life expectancy史无前例的adj. unprecedented ≈groundbreaking某事物并不是一成不变的is/ are not carved in stone不实际的adj. impractical/ unrealistic沉思n. reflection怀旧的adj. nostalgic空巢综合症empty-nest syndrome中年危机midlife crisis困惑的adj. confused/ bewildered/ puzzled迷失了方向的adj. disoriented心态n. mindset成熟n. maturity有活力的adj. dynamic挥之不去linger in one’s mind退休状态或者退休后的时间n. retirement退了休的老人n. retiree老年公寓retirement home养老保险retire-ment plan/ pension plan1~2岁的小朋友n. baby/ infants走路摇摇晃晃的那种孩子n. toddlers13~19岁的孩子teens/ teenagers未成年人n. kids/ children十几岁的孩子n. adolescent20/30/40……多岁的人们people in their 20s/ 30s/ 40s …中年人middle-aged people老年人retire people/ pensioners/ seniors/ the elderly年长者n. seniority祖先n. ancestors老龄化社会aging society = graying society反动派（的）n.&adj. reactionary松弛的皮肤sagging skin历史悠久的adj. time-honored永恒的adj. timeless过去的好时光the good old days皱纹n. wrinkle花白的头发salt-and-pepper hair/ pepper-and-salt hair分清是非distinguish right from wrong相互了解mutual understanding逝去vt. fade蹒跚vi. stagger老兵n. veteran主动努力地去回忆vt. recall温情回顾reminisce about温情回顾（名词版）the fond memories of …向……致敬pay tribute to贬低vt. denigrateTransportation交通堵塞traffic jam= traffic congestion危险的路况treacherous road conditions公交public transit磁悬浮列车magnetically-levitated trains轻轨sky train有轨电车streetcar/ tram/ trolley渡轮n. ferry横冲直撞road rage蛮不讲理的司机aggressive drivers不负责任地开车reckless driving酒后驾车drunk driving肇事者n. culprit/ offender每天经过长距离去上班的人们n. commuter交通量traffic volume/ volume of traffic交通方式modes/ means of transportation交通工具n. vehicle下降n.&vi. decline人口稠密的adj. densely-populated激增vi. soar拥挤的adj. packed/ crowded被挤在……里be squished up人口爆炸，人口激增population explosion/ population boom 提高征税impose higher taxes on行人n. pedestrian罚款vt.&n. fine行人公交像沙丁鱼罐头那么拥挤adj. sardine-packed危险的adj. hazardous地铁的一节车厢subway car加长轿车n. limo车队n. fleet拼车n.&vi. car-pool大都市的adj. metropolitan过度拥挤n. overcrowding撞车n. collision/ car accident人口密度density of population高架桥，过街天桥n. overpass地下过街通道n. underpass内燃机internal combustion engine柴油机n. diesel engine蒸汽驱动的adj. steam-driven汽油驱动的adj. petrol-driven以氢气为动力的adj. hydrogen-driven混乱的adj. chaotic马拉的观光车horse-drawn carriage欧洲古代的战车n. chariotEnvironment污染物n. pollutant尽可能减少，最小化vt. minimize倾倒vt. dump循环使用vt. recycle灌溉n. irrigation居住于……vt. inhabit节约使用v. conserve保护v. preserve再利用v. reuse/ recycle短缺n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack污染v. pollute生态系统the ecosystem有益于环保的adj. eco-friendly环境恶化environmental degradation/ environmental deterioration 当地的居民local resident/ local inhabitants紫外线ultraviolet (UV) rays皮肤癌skin cancer防晒霜n. sunscreen有毒的adj. poisonous/ toxic无毒的adj. non-toxic免疫系统immune system一次性的adj. disposable（人）吸入vt. inhale负面影响adverse effects沙尘暴n. sandstorm砍伐森林n. deforestation可以被环境吸收的adj. biodegradable联合的joint effort/ concerted effort国际社会而不是国际社区the international community 臭氧层ozone layer对……形成压力put a strain on…有环保意识的adj. environmentally-conscious不可逆的adj. irreversible化学反应chemical reactions安静的，宁静的tranquil and serene有限的自然资源limited/ finite natural resources替代性能源alternative energy商品包装的总称n. packaging污染vt. contaminate二氧化碳排放carbon dioxide emission(s)汽车尾气exhaust fumes酸雨acid rain冰川n. glacier排放（污染物）vt. discharge可持续发展sustainable development节约vt. conserve植被n. vegetation光合作用n. photosynthesis太阳能solar energy风能wind energy核能nuclear energy水电n. hydropower烟雾重的adj. smoggy呼吸系统疾病respiratory disease极大的痛苦n. agony人造的adj. artificial改变，变更vt. alter适当的adj. appropriate愤慨的adj. indignant鼓励环保go green开采自然资源exploit natural resources热带雨林n. rainforests侵蚀vt. erode连锁反应chain reaction水波效应，连锁反应ripple effect蝴蝶效应，连锁反应butterfly effect彻底改变我们的生活reshape our lives贫瘠的土地barren/ infertile land肥沃的土地fertile land警惕n.&vt. caution化肥chemical fertilizer杀虫剂n. pesticide丰富的，充裕的adj. abundant辐射n. radiation（多指对环境、建筑等）破坏wreak havoc on sth.恶化v. deteriorate/ aggravate生态平衡ecological balance ecological equilibrium可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者n. environmentalists/ conservationists对环境无害的adj. environmentally-friendly各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort unite/ combat environmental problems增强公众关于……的意识raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth.让资源承受很大压力put a strain on the resources/ stretch resources to the limit破坏自然环境wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林n. deforestation增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources消耗v. consume/ deplete用尽use up exhaust严厉的措施n. harsh actions/ measures某一地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region生物的多样性n. biodiversity污水n. effluent/ sewage温室效应greenhouse effect严重的adj. severe白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone sth.肥沃的土壤fertile soil贫瘠的土壤infertile soil耕地n. arable landMoney珍贵的adj. precious/ valuable毫无价值的adj. worthless不安全感n. insecurity节俭的adj. thrifty/ frugal省钱的adj. economical保持收支平衡make ends meet紧张的预算a tight budget奢侈的adj. extravagant/ lavish/ luxurious时尚的adj. stylish身无分文的adj. penniless昂贵的adj. costly（商店或者餐厅等）高档的adj. upscale聚敛vt. amass精致的，精美的adj. exquisite天价exorbitant price“高端的”，可以指服务场所，也可以指商品adj. top-end/ high-end 低端的adj. low-end不仅是好运，也经常指财富n. fortune富有的adj. wealthy/ affluent贫穷的adj. impoverished/ needy富人与穷人the haves and the have-nots抵抗vt. resist诱惑n. temptation服装n. outfit财产n. property/ possessions地位和身份的象征n. status symbol顾客n. patron公司的或者律师等专业人士的客户n. client需求n. demand欲望n. desire贪欲n. greed妒忌（形容词jealous）n. jealousy无法抵制的adj. irresistible有诱惑力的adj. tempting慷慨n. generosity慈善事业或者慈善组织n. charity慈善事业n. philanthropy生活很悲惨lead a wretched existence捐赠vt. donate看不起vt. despise贬低vt. denigrate粗活儿menial jobsLeisure短期旅行n. excursion观光n. sightseeing有导游的旅行conducted tour/ guided tour跟团游package tour自助游self-conducted tour/ self-guided tour异域风情的adj. exotic有益环保的旅游n. ecotourism背包族n. backpacker旅游景点tourist attraction/ tourist spot旅行社travel agency纪念品n. souvenir探索vt. explore古代留下来的东西n. relics城堡n. castle手工制品n. handicrafts文物n. artifacts珍惜vt. cherish收藏n. collection美术馆，画廊n. gallery开阔某人的眼界expand one’s outlook/ vision抽象画abstract painting具象画representational painting风景画landscape painting静物画still life painting人像画n. portrait油画oil painting壁画n. mural/ fresco雕刻n. carving萝卜青菜，各有所爱。