09年中考英语直接引语变间接引语教学讲义PPT
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直接引语和间接引语(15张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
相应的变化
→He asked me if I had a computer.
他问我是否有计算机。
用法
举例
Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ” →Bill said that she was his elder sister. 比尔说她是他的姐姐。
第三人称不更新 The teacher told Mary’s parents, “Mary is
直接引语中的第三 a good girl. She is always ready to help 人称在间接引语中 others. ”
不发生变化
→The teacher told Mary’s parents that
Mary was a good girl and she was always
ready to help others.
老师问我是否会游泳。
用法
例句
(3) 如 果 直 接 引 语
是特殊疑问句，要 “What are you doing? ”my father asked.
用 相 应 的 疑 问 词 →My father asked what I was doing.
who, whom, whose, 爸爸问我在做什么。
过去将来时
例句
Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ”→Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。
She said, “I will see you at the same place tomorrow. ”
(三)指示代词、时间和地点等变化
直接引语变间接引语[课件]
![直接引语变间接引语[课件]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4d29a028453610661ed9f417.png)
• →He
I often him sing .
• Mother said to me, “Can you go shopping with me?”
• →Mother me
I go shopping with
.
• Tom asked, “Lucy, did you hand in your homework?”
1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时注意： ①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。 ②人称作相应变化； ③主句里的动词如果是过去时,在间接引语中作相应改变：
如：He says,"I am from the USA.” →He says that he is from the USA. Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen
→Lily asked Miss Green if it was made in China. 3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑
问词引导, 词序是：连词+主语+谓语。 Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help. 4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须变为动词不定 式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order. He said to the boy,“ Come here,young man! ” →He asked the boy to go there.
• 1.She said to me, “I broke your CD player.” • →She told me that she had broken my CD
直接引语变间接引语(完整)PPT课件
CHENLI
17
二、间接叙述转换为直接叙述
（1）改标点,改逗号为冒号，添加引号。 （2）改人称如果转述内容中是第三人称“他 （她）”或“他（她）们”，应改为“我”或 我（们）”；如果在转换时遇到一个句子中有两个 第一人称“我”时，应改后面的一个“我”为第二 人称“你”。
CHENLI
18
例：姐姐说，她明天送给我一件生日礼物。 改为：姐姐说：“我明天送给你一件生日礼物。
9、老师对王小宁说：“我有事，你组 织同学们继续完成制作。”
10、王明再也忍不住了,抢着对老班长 说:“我帮你一起找,我找得见。”
CHENLI
16
8、老师严厉地对小敏说，他必须把教室打扫干净。
9、老师对王小宁说，他有事，王小宁组织同学们继续 完成制作。
10、李明再也忍不住了,抢着对老班长说，他我帮老班 长一起找,他找得见。
CHENLI
19
1、妈妈问小宁他昨天去了哪里，她找了 他一整天。
妈妈问小宁：“你昨天去了哪里？我找 了你一整天。”
2、小方说，不行，他的字写得不够好， 应该让小宇去参加比赛。
小方说：“不行，我的字写得不够好，
应该让小宇去参加比赛。”CHENLI
20
3、王兰告诉我，我作文比赛得了一等奖。
4、王刚对李明说，他的鞋破了，脚掌也 出血了，他实在走不动，让李明自己先 走吧！
CHENLI
21
3、王兰告诉我，我作文比赛得了一等奖。
王兰告诉我：“你作文比赛得了一等奖。”
4、王刚对李明说，他的鞋破了，脚掌也 出血了，他实在走不动，让李明自己先 走吧！
王刚对李明说：“我的鞋破了，脚掌也
出血了，我实在走不动，你自己先走吧！”
CHENLI
直接引语和间接引语PPT课件
陈述句直接引语的用法
在句子中直接插入被引述人的原话，放在引号内，并注明说话人。
陈述句直接引语的例子
“我认为这个问题很重要，”他说。
疑问句直接引语
疑问句直接引语的定义
01
直接引用别人的疑问句，用于询问信息或表达疑问。
疑问句直接引语的用法
02
在句子中直接插入被引述人的疑问句，放在引号内，并注明说
话人。
答案
该句是直接引语，其中的错误是时态不匹配，应改为"He said that he had been to the Great Wall."
进一步学习资源推荐
语法书籍
《英语语法大全》、《英语语法 手册》等，这些书籍详细讲解了 英语语法的各个方面，包括直接 引语和间接引语的用法和规则。
在线课程
各大在线教育平台提供英语语法 课程，如Coursera、edX等，这 些课程通常由资深英语教师授课， 内容系统全面。
03
02
直接引语是直接引用别人的原话，而间接引 语是转述别人的话。
04 联系
直接引语和间接引语都是用来表达别人的 话语。
05
06
在一定条件下，直接引语可以转换为间接 引语，间接引语也可以转换为直接引语。
03 直接引语在句子中运用
陈述句直接引语
陈述句直接引语的定义
直接引用别人的原话，用于陈述事实或表达观点。
05 直接引语变间接引语方法 技巧
人称变化规则
第一人称
若直接引语中的引述动词为say 或tell等，变为间接引语时，若 主句的主语为第一人称，其人称
不变。
第二人称
若直接引语中的引述动词为say to sb.或tell sb.等，变为间接引 语时，若主句的主语为第一人称， 其人称变化与上述第一人称情况
在句子中直接插入被引述人的原话，放在引号内，并注明说话人。
陈述句直接引语的例子
“我认为这个问题很重要，”他说。
疑问句直接引语
疑问句直接引语的定义
01
直接引用别人的疑问句，用于询问信息或表达疑问。
疑问句直接引语的用法
02
在句子中直接插入被引述人的疑问句，放在引号内，并注明说
话人。
答案
该句是直接引语，其中的错误是时态不匹配，应改为"He said that he had been to the Great Wall."
进一步学习资源推荐
语法书籍
《英语语法大全》、《英语语法 手册》等，这些书籍详细讲解了 英语语法的各个方面，包括直接 引语和间接引语的用法和规则。
在线课程
各大在线教育平台提供英语语法 课程，如Coursera、edX等，这 些课程通常由资深英语教师授课， 内容系统全面。
03
02
直接引语是直接引用别人的原话，而间接引 语是转述别人的话。
04 联系
直接引语和间接引语都是用来表达别人的 话语。
05
06
在一定条件下，直接引语可以转换为间接 引语，间接引语也可以转换为直接引语。
03 直接引语在句子中运用
陈述句直接引语
陈述句直接引语的定义
直接引用别人的原话，用于陈述事实或表达观点。
05 直接引语变间接引语方法 技巧
人称变化规则
第一人称
若直接引语中的引述动词为say 或tell等，变为间接引语时，若 主句的主语为第一人称，其人称
不变。
第二人称
若直接引语中的引述动词为say to sb.或tell sb.等，变为间接引 语时，若主句的主语为第一人称， 其人称变化与上述第一人称情况
直接引语变间接引语精华版PPT课件
He said, “I want to go swimming now. ”
→ He said he wanted to go swimming then.
地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，
here 变 there
The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.”
现在进行时
过去进行时
He said, “I'm eating an apple.” → He said that he was eating an apple.
一般将来时
过去将来时
Tom said to me “I’ll go to Shanghai next week” Tom told me that he would go to Shanghai
直接引述别人的 话，要加引号
Direct speech 直接引语
用自己的话转述
Reported speech 别人的话，不用
间接引语.
引号
-
1
直接引语变间接引语，即变为宾语从句主要需要 注意以下五点： 1.宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 2.主句时态决定从句时态：如果主句为一般现在时， 从句可以用任何时态（原题给的啥时态就用啥时态）； 如果主句为一般过去式，从句必须要用所给时态的 对应的过去式。 3.引导词。 4.人称的转换。 5.时间状语的转换。
C. whether he'll come D. if he comes 2. Could you tell me ___D______ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
3. Tom asked my friend ____D____.
直接引语与间接引语PPT(最全)
yesterday morning /afternoon/evening two days ago /weeks/months/years the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow last night /week/month/year next week /month/year tomorrow
• ②选择疑问句 • 须用whether…or • I asked Sally，“Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic？” • → I asked Sally whether she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic.
Practice
• She said. "My brother wants to go with me." • He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" • Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"
三．时态的变化 1. 时态变化的情况
• 3. 直接引语为祈使句 • ① 将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾 语补足语 • tell/ask/order/beg/request sb. (not) to do sth. • “Don’t touch anything,”he said. • → He told us not to touch anything. • ② 表示建议的祈使句，需改成 “suggest/advise that …(should)….”结构 • “Try again and see what will happen,”the teacher said. • → The teacher advised/suggested that they (should) try again and see what will happen.
• ②选择疑问句 • 须用whether…or • I asked Sally，“Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic？” • → I asked Sally whether she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic.
Practice
• She said. "My brother wants to go with me." • He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" • Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"
三．时态的变化 1. 时态变化的情况
• 3. 直接引语为祈使句 • ① 将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾 语补足语 • tell/ask/order/beg/request sb. (not) to do sth. • “Don’t touch anything,”he said. • → He told us not to touch anything. • ② 表示建议的祈使句，需改成 “suggest/advise that …(should)….”结构 • “Try again and see what will happen,”the teacher said. • → The teacher advised/suggested that they (should) try again and see what will happen.
直接引语变间接引语讲解课件
转换的基本原则
准确转述
用自己的语言准确转述 说话人的意思，不改变
原意。
调整时态
根据上下文语境，调整 时态以符合整体语境。
调整人称
根据需要，将直接引语 中的第一人称或第二人
称转换为第三人称。
去除无关细节
去除直接引语中与主要 信息无关的细节，使转
述更加简洁明了。
02
CATALOGUE
直接引语变间接引语的步骤
标点符号的转换
01
直接引语中的冒号和双引号需转 换为间接引语中的逗号和单引号 。
02
例如：“I will go to the park tomorrow.” -> He said that he would go to the park the next day.
人称代词的转换
直接引语中的第一人称代词需转换为 第三人称代词。
详细描述
在直接引语转变为间接引语的过程中，标点符号的使用需要特别注意。例如， “他说‘我明天去北京’”应该使用逗号变为“他说，明天他要去北京”。
语序混乱
总ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ词
在将直接引语转变为间接引语时，语序 混乱也是一个常见错误。
VS
详细描述
在直接引语中，原话的语序可能是倒装、 前置等，但在转变为间接引语时，需要按 照正常的语序进行排列，以保持句子的通 顺性和逻辑性。例如，“明天你去北京吗 ？”应该转变为“他问是否明天去北京” 。
04
CATALOGUE
练习与巩固
单句改写
详细描述：从简单的单句开始练 习，逐步掌握直接引语变间接引 语的规则和技巧，如时态、语序 、人称等方面的变化。
例子
原句：他说：“我喜欢吃苹果。 ”
直接引语转间接引语ppt课件
→ The boy told us that he usually gets up at six every
morning.
1.The interviewer asked Detective Lu , ‘Why did you become a detective last year?’ The interviewer asked Detective Lu why he had become a detective the year before.
2.‘Where did you go two days ago?’ Lily asked Lucy. Lily asked Lucy where she had been two days before.
3.‘Will you go to see a film with me tomorrow?’ Sam asked Dick. Sam asked Dick whether/if he would go to see a film with him the following day/the next day.
直接引语转间接引语
1、时态变化：
2、人称变化：一主、二宾、三不变
3、时间状语和地点状语变化 4、指示代词、情态动词 5、 句子类化：
一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
10.‘Light travels faster than sound.’ said the teacher. The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
1. She said to Tom, ‘Can you help me?’ 2. She asked, ‘Is this book yours or his?’ 3. The teacher asked, ‘how did you repair it?’ 4. The teacher said to the students, ‘Don’t waste your time.’ 5. The mother said, ‘Tom, get up early, please.’ 6. ‘Will you go to the concert with me this evening?’ Mary asked me. 7. ‘What did you do yesterday?’ the old man asked my brother. 8. The engineer said, ‘I was at college in 1967.’ 9. ‘Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?’ the young man asked. 10. ‘Why were you late yesterday morning?’ His teacher asked.
morning.
1.The interviewer asked Detective Lu , ‘Why did you become a detective last year?’ The interviewer asked Detective Lu why he had become a detective the year before.
2.‘Where did you go two days ago?’ Lily asked Lucy. Lily asked Lucy where she had been two days before.
3.‘Will you go to see a film with me tomorrow?’ Sam asked Dick. Sam asked Dick whether/if he would go to see a film with him the following day/the next day.
直接引语转间接引语
1、时态变化：
2、人称变化：一主、二宾、三不变
3、时间状语和地点状语变化 4、指示代词、情态动词 5、 句子类化：
一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
10.‘Light travels faster than sound.’ said the teacher. The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
1. She said to Tom, ‘Can you help me?’ 2. She asked, ‘Is this book yours or his?’ 3. The teacher asked, ‘how did you repair it?’ 4. The teacher said to the students, ‘Don’t waste your time.’ 5. The mother said, ‘Tom, get up early, please.’ 6. ‘Will you go to the concert with me this evening?’ Mary asked me. 7. ‘What did you do yesterday?’ the old man asked my brother. 8. The engineer said, ‘I was at college in 1967.’ 9. ‘Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?’ the young man asked. 10. ‘Why were you late yesterday morning?’ His teacher asked.
初中英语直接引语和间接引语PPT课件
8). “ Go shopping with me, please?” said Mr. Wang .
Mom told me not to chat with strangers.
Mr. Wang asked me to go shopping with him.
演讲完毕，感谢聆听
CLICK HERE TO ADD A TITLE
标点符号
大小写
问号改为句号
语序---疑问改陈述
宾语从句由什么引出
祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述
注意事项
Betty says to Harry," I want to borrow your book.”
borrow his Book.
My teacher said , “she is a good student.”
delicious food to eat.
01
She asked me,” Do you agree with me?” Anne asked her mother, “Is there any delicious food to eat?”
02
5) “ What are you going to do?” he asked.
She said she liked singing.
She said she was waiting for a bus.
She said she had visited Europe the year before.
She said she had never met an American.
引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变
Mom told me not to chat with strangers.
Mr. Wang asked me to go shopping with him.
演讲完毕，感谢聆听
CLICK HERE TO ADD A TITLE
标点符号
大小写
问号改为句号
语序---疑问改陈述
宾语从句由什么引出
祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述
注意事项
Betty says to Harry," I want to borrow your book.”
borrow his Book.
My teacher said , “she is a good student.”
delicious food to eat.
01
She asked me,” Do you agree with me?” Anne asked her mother, “Is there any delicious food to eat?”
02
5) “ What are you going to do?” he asked.
She said she liked singing.
She said she was waiting for a bus.
She said she had visited Europe the year before.
She said she had never met an American.
引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变
直接引语变为间接引语ppt课件
直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中用 whether或if引导；直接引语为特殊问句时，间 接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
For example:
For example: 1. "Open the door,please."She said.
She asked me to open the door.
2. It says,"No smoking here." It told us not to smoke there.
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
时态的变化
当主句是过去时时，从句要得变为相应的过去时态， 变化规律如下：
一般现在时—— 一般过去时 一般过去时—— 过去完成时 一般将来时—— 过去将来时 现在进行时—— 过去进行时 现在完成时—— 过去完成时 过去完成时—— 过去完成时（时态不变） 过去进行时—— 过去进行时（时态不变）
从使用情ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
English teacher． 另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复
数。如： He said，“Are you interested in English？”→He asked me/us if I
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
For example:
For example: 1. "Open the door,please."She said.
She asked me to open the door.
2. It says,"No smoking here." It told us not to smoke there.
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
时态的变化
当主句是过去时时，从句要得变为相应的过去时态， 变化规律如下：
一般现在时—— 一般过去时 一般过去时—— 过去完成时 一般将来时—— 过去将来时 现在进行时—— 过去进行时 现在完成时—— 过去完成时 过去完成时—— 过去完成时（时态不变） 过去进行时—— 过去进行时（时态不变）
从使用情ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
English teacher． 另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复
数。如： He said，“Are you interested in English？”→He asked me/us if I
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• 1、山麦冬治燥伤肺胃阴分，或热或咳者： 沙参15克，山麦冬15克，玉竹10克，生甘
山麦冬的功效与作用/doc-view-2657.html
• 草5克，冬桑叶7.5克，扁豆7.5克，花粉7.5 克。水五杯，煮取二杯，日再服。（《温 病条辨》沙参山麦冬汤）
• 2、山麦冬治热伤元气，肢体倦怠，气短懒 言，口干作渴，汗出不止，脚欹眼黑，津 枯液涸：人参25克，麦门冬（去心）15克，
09年中考英语直接引语变间 接引语
一.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。 〔that在口语中常省略〕
1.She said,“Our train will arrive in five minutes.”
She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes.
2.He will say,“I have watered the flowers.”
He will say (that)he has watered the flowers.
Байду номын сангаас
六、如主句谓语动词为过去时，则间接引 语中的动词应由现在时变为过去时
一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时
2.Our class bought thirty moon cakes for the MidAutumn Festival.
She said (that) her class had bought thirty moon cakes For the Mid-Autumn Festival.
3.Ben was selling tickets for the Christmas dance last week. She said (that) Ben had been selling tickets for the Christmas dance last week.
• 五味子10克（碎）。水煎，不拘时温服。 （《千金方》生脉散）
• 3、山麦冬治虚热上攻，脾肺有热，咽喉生 疮：麦门冬一两，黄连五钱。上为末，蜜 丸如梧桐子大。每服三十丸，食前麦门冬 汤下。（《普济方》麦门冬丸）
• 4、山麦冬治火逆上气，咽喉不利：麦门冬 七升，半夏一升，人参二两，甘草二两， 粳米三合，大枣十二枚。上六味，以水一 斗二升，煮取六升，温服一升，日三夜一 服。（《金匮要略》麦门冬汤）
4.My sister didn’t invite all her friends to the Halloween party.
He said (that) his sister hadn’t invited all her friends to the Halloween party.
5.A new flag has been made for National Day.
• 山麦冬为百合科植物湖北山麦冬或短葶山 麦冬的干燥块根，山麦冬别名大麦冬、土 麦冬、鱼子兰、麦门冬，山麦冬有养阴生 津、润肺清心的功效，山麦冬有治疗肺燥 干咳、虚劳咳嗽、津伤口渴、心烦失眠、 肠燥便秘的作用。
• 山麦冬的作用： • 山麦冬甘、微苦、凉、滋阴生津、润肺止
咳、清心除烦，山麦冬主治热病伤津、心 烦、口渴、咽干肺热、咳嗽、肺结核。
The teacher asked if we had all understood him.
五、如主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来 时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原 来时态。 1.He says,“I’m very busy today.”
He says (that) he is very busy today.
七、各类句子的变化情况
1.反意疑问句，变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
She asked me,“You have seen the film, haven’t you?” She asked me if/whether I had seen the film. 2.选择问句，变为whether…or… I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?” I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
They said (that) a new flag had been made for National Day.
6.We have decided where the Mid-Summer’s Day party should be held.
They said (that) they had decided where the Mid-Summer’s Day party should be held.
2.He said,“I’m very busy.” He said (that) he was very busy.
二.一般疑问句变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。 1.He said,“Can you swim,John?” He asked John if he could swim. 2.The teacher said,“Have you all understood me?”
3.直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语时可用 what或how引导，有时也可用that引导。
She said,“What a lovely day it is!”
She said what a lovely day it was. She said that it was a lovely day.
山麦冬的功效
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
(Book 5A.Page 80.Exercise 2) 1.I have kept all my Valentine’s Day cards.
She said that she had kept all her Valentine’s Day cards.
山麦冬的功效与作用/doc-view-2657.html
• 草5克，冬桑叶7.5克，扁豆7.5克，花粉7.5 克。水五杯，煮取二杯，日再服。（《温 病条辨》沙参山麦冬汤）
• 2、山麦冬治热伤元气，肢体倦怠，气短懒 言，口干作渴，汗出不止，脚欹眼黑，津 枯液涸：人参25克，麦门冬（去心）15克，
09年中考英语直接引语变间 接引语
一.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。 〔that在口语中常省略〕
1.She said,“Our train will arrive in five minutes.”
She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes.
2.He will say,“I have watered the flowers.”
He will say (that)he has watered the flowers.
Байду номын сангаас
六、如主句谓语动词为过去时，则间接引 语中的动词应由现在时变为过去时
一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时
2.Our class bought thirty moon cakes for the MidAutumn Festival.
She said (that) her class had bought thirty moon cakes For the Mid-Autumn Festival.
3.Ben was selling tickets for the Christmas dance last week. She said (that) Ben had been selling tickets for the Christmas dance last week.
• 五味子10克（碎）。水煎，不拘时温服。 （《千金方》生脉散）
• 3、山麦冬治虚热上攻，脾肺有热，咽喉生 疮：麦门冬一两，黄连五钱。上为末，蜜 丸如梧桐子大。每服三十丸，食前麦门冬 汤下。（《普济方》麦门冬丸）
• 4、山麦冬治火逆上气，咽喉不利：麦门冬 七升，半夏一升，人参二两，甘草二两， 粳米三合，大枣十二枚。上六味，以水一 斗二升，煮取六升，温服一升，日三夜一 服。（《金匮要略》麦门冬汤）
4.My sister didn’t invite all her friends to the Halloween party.
He said (that) his sister hadn’t invited all her friends to the Halloween party.
5.A new flag has been made for National Day.
• 山麦冬为百合科植物湖北山麦冬或短葶山 麦冬的干燥块根，山麦冬别名大麦冬、土 麦冬、鱼子兰、麦门冬，山麦冬有养阴生 津、润肺清心的功效，山麦冬有治疗肺燥 干咳、虚劳咳嗽、津伤口渴、心烦失眠、 肠燥便秘的作用。
• 山麦冬的作用： • 山麦冬甘、微苦、凉、滋阴生津、润肺止
咳、清心除烦，山麦冬主治热病伤津、心 烦、口渴、咽干肺热、咳嗽、肺结核。
The teacher asked if we had all understood him.
五、如主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来 时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原 来时态。 1.He says,“I’m very busy today.”
He says (that) he is very busy today.
七、各类句子的变化情况
1.反意疑问句，变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
She asked me,“You have seen the film, haven’t you?” She asked me if/whether I had seen the film. 2.选择问句，变为whether…or… I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?” I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
They said (that) a new flag had been made for National Day.
6.We have decided where the Mid-Summer’s Day party should be held.
They said (that) they had decided where the Mid-Summer’s Day party should be held.
2.He said,“I’m very busy.” He said (that) he was very busy.
二.一般疑问句变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。 1.He said,“Can you swim,John?” He asked John if he could swim. 2.The teacher said,“Have you all understood me?”
3.直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语时可用 what或how引导，有时也可用that引导。
She said,“What a lovely day it is!”
She said what a lovely day it was. She said that it was a lovely day.
山麦冬的功效
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
(Book 5A.Page 80.Exercise 2) 1.I have kept all my Valentine’s Day cards.
She said that she had kept all her Valentine’s Day cards.