常见的修辞格翻译-(1)
英语修辞学中20种常见修辞格名称双语释义及举例
What does that lawyer do after he dies?——Lie still. 那个律师死后干什么？──躺着仍说鬼话。（注：lie躺， 撒谎；still安静地， 仍然）
E. oxymoron; zeugma ; contrast
Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）与汉语中的反映辞格类似，都是将相互矛盾的概念和判断巧妙地联系在一起，以便相互映衬，突出事物的特点，表达复杂的思想感情和意味深长的哲理。矛盾修辞手法在英语中常见，但在汉语中很少见。如：sweet sorrow 忧喜参半 （不是甜蜜的悲伤）； proud humility 不卑不亢（不是骄傲的谦卑）
这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。（Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。）
B. metonymy; transferred epithet Metonymy、synecdoche和_1antonomasia都是不直接说出事物的本来名称，而换用另一个名称或另一个说法。它们大体上相当于汉语的借代（分为旁借和对代两类）。如Crown（王冠）可喻指君主、王权、王国政府等；doll（玩具）可喻指姑娘、宝贝等。再如：
as thick as thieves亲密无间（不是"像贼一样厚"）
as old as the hills古老 （不是"像山一样老"）
The ship plows the sea. 船在乘风破浪地前进。（不是"船在犁海"）
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。例如：
汉英修辞对比与翻译(1)
除旅游点的介绍和广告外，新闻报道、法律文献、 科技文章等也都要求简洁明了，忌节外生枝，因 此四字词组也广泛应用于这几类文体中。 外交人员要立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业 外交人员要立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业 务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚。 务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚。 A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, and noble in character.
1 汉英音韵修辞格(phonological 汉英音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)
在语音四要素音量、音势、音高、音色中， 在语音四要素音量、音势、音高、音色中， 音色是各种语言都重视的。 音色是各种语言都重视的。英语是音势敏感 的语言，而汉语是音高敏感的语言， 的语言，而汉语是音高敏感的语言，因此英 语强调重音，汉语成为典型的声调语， 语强调重音，汉语成为典型的声调语，声调 对字、 句各级单位的组成都有影响。 对字、词、句各级单位的组成都有影响。英 语是重音计时的（stress-timed）， ），每一语 语是重音计时的（stress-timed），每一语 句虽是重音和轻音交替出现， 句虽是重音和轻音交替出现，但仍以重读音 节为主。汉语是以音节计时的（syllable节为主。汉语是以音节计时的（syllabletimed），音节数是韵律的基础。 timed），音节数是韵律的基础。 ），音节数是韵律的基础
汉英语拟声词对比
（1）语音形式对比 汉英相似： 汉英相似： 狼嚎 鸽子咕咕 咯咯 关门声：砰 铃声：丁零 howl Coo Giggle, gurgle Bang Tingling
英语修辞格
英语修辞格英语修辞格是运用特定的修辞手法和技巧来增强表达效果和语言的艺术感的一种文学表达方式。
常见的英语修辞格有以下几种：1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将一个词语或短语用于其本来意义以外的其他事物上，来达到描绘或表达的目的。
例如，“他是我的阳光”（He is my sunshine）。
2. 拟人（Personification）：赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特征和行为，以增加形象感。
例如，“大海呼唤着我”（The ocean calls out to me）。
3. 比较（Simile）：通过使用"like"或"as"等介词来进行比较。
例如，“他像一颗流星，闪耀着美丽的光芒”。
4. 反复（Repetition）：通过反复使用相同的词语或短语，来强调和重申某个观点或思想。
例如，“我要尽力、尽力、再尽力”。
5. 双关（Pun）：利用一个单词或短语在不同语境中的多义性，制造出幽默或双重意义。
例如，“时间都去哪儿了？它去吃饭了。
”6. 排比（Parallelism）：通过使用相同的结构、格式或语法，来组织句子和表达思想，形成节奏感和增加强度。
例如，“今天我学会了爬行，学会了站立，学会了行走”。
7. 夸张（Hyperbole）：通过夸大事物的特征和情况，来制造出夸张、强烈的效果。
例如，“我等了一万年才见到你”。
8. 反问（Rhetorical Question）：利用问句的形式来表达观点或意见，不要求回答，但更多是用来强调说话者的说法。
例如，“难道我们不都是人吗？”这些修辞格可以增加语言的表达力、形象感、感染力和艺术感，使文学作品或演讲更具有吸引力和影响力。
英语常用修辞格的翻译
省略；Ellipsis
eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。 译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
转喻；Metonymy
Biblioteka eg： 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了腰， 去研究背心上的文字。（鲁迅：《示众》） 译文：Baldy，standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin，stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. 有时采用意译更为合适 eg： 英雄所见略同。 译文：Great minds think alike.
递升；Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫 递升，英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法，能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化，因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg：事情就是这样，他来进攻，我们把他消灭了，他就舒服了。 消灭一点，舒服一点；消灭得多，舒服得多；彻底消灭，彻 底舒服。（ 毛泽东：《关于重庆谈判》） 译文：This is the way things are：if they attack and we wipe them out，they will have that satisfaction；wipe out some，some satisfaction；wipe out more，more satisfaction；wipe out the whole lot，complete satisfaction.
常用英语修辞格
1.生动形象的Simile（明喻）2.含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）3.无灵有灵的Personification（拟人）4.结构精巧的Transferred Epithet（移就）5.蕴涵新意的Synecdoche（提喻）6.明抑暗扬的Understatement（低调陈述）7.闪烁其词的Euphemism（委婉）8.强化语意的Hyperbole（夸张）9.含蓄典雅的Allusion（引喻）10.相映相衬的Antithesis（对照） 11.排迭匀称的Parallelism（平行）12.发人深思的Paradox（隽语）13.矛盾统一的Oxymoron（矛盾修饰）14.妙趣横生的Anticlimax（突降）15.一唱三叹的Repetition（重复）16.音律优美的Alliteration（头韵）17.一语两意的Pun（双关）18.冷嘲热讽的Irony（反语）19.趣味盎然的Parody（仿拟）20.化腐为奇的Zeugma（轭式搭配）1明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。
)●The che que fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)2暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
英语修辞的翻译
提喻 （synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎，挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖，试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯，一边 尖声狂叫，要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾，可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨，岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾（Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉（Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋，但在时间还不算晚的时候，没 有人拉你一把，时机一过，就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻（Metonymy）
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称，而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
翻译中常见的修辞格
翻译中常见的修辞格由于我们精通汉语，所以英语写作中有各种各样的修辞手法。
今天，我将向你介绍20种最常见的英语修辞格。
仔细体验它们，并尝试在您的作文中使用它们:1、Simile 明喻明喻是指具有共同特征的不同事物的比较，共同特征存在于人的内心而非事物的自然属性。
标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
举个例子1. I wandered lonely as astay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
2、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
举个例子1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
3、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.举个例子1. 以容器代替内容，例如：1）The kettle boils.水开了。
2）The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
3. 以代替作品，例如：a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
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潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。 （柳宗元《小石潭记》） Viewed from the southwest, the pond sometimes zigzags like the shining Big Dipper and sometimes winds gloomily like a long creeping snake.
她们一窝蜂地挤拢来，每人盛一碗，就 四散地蹲伏或者站立在路上和门口吃。 （夏衍《包身工》） They crowded strenuously around like a swarm of bees, each ladling out a bowl of meagre porridge, and then scattered, having their meal by crouching or standing at the pathway or the doorway.
英汉语明喻标记比较明显，一般需出现比喻词， 汉语如像、如、仿佛、似等，英语如like，as， as if/though等。 英语的隐喻大致分三类：1.A is B；2.N1 of N2； 3.只出现本体。 All the world‟s a stage, and all men and women merely players. 整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。 （把her memory比作camera，但喻体 camera没有出现。）
汉语暗喻大致也有三种，1.判断结构“甲是 乙”；2.本体和喻体同时出现，但无判断词； 3.状语加中心词（偏正式的结构） 薛蟠也假说来上学，不过是“三天打渔，两天 晒网”……也不曾有一点儿进益。（《红楼 梦》） Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say, a pretence – “One day to fish and two days to dry the net” as they say – and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning. （杨宪益，戴乃迭）
With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望 之石。抱有这个信念，我们就能把我们这个民 族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的 美妙交响曲。
一、比喻（figure of speech 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。
常见的修辞格翻译
/bbs / / / /m / /dx/ /sy/ /hlj/ /wj/ /bjdxb /zy/ /zjdx/dx/ /dxb / / / / / / / ? / /m/ / / / / / / /zjdx/ / / / / / / / / / /