商务英语信函写作中的语言特点及写作技巧 全英文
1 IntroductionBusiness English can be regarded as an application of English language in commercial occasions, aiming at enabling speakers to communicate and interact effectively using the most correct and clearest business language. Business English Correspondence is an important carrier of international commercial activities which is used to deli ever information, address commercial issues and as a way of communication.Lexicon is an important factor of a passage. In the writing of business English correspondence, we should pay particular attention to the selection of lexicon. Different words may carry different meaning and even the mood of them can be very distinct. Therefore, it is of great necessity to do research of the features of lexicon in the writing of business English correspondence.This thesis attempts to do some researches on the following subjects: To have a good knowledge of characteristics of lexicon in business English correspondence. To make sense of the reason why the business English correspondence have such requirements of lexicon. To provide some suggestions that learners can improve their writing skills.2 Description of Business English correspondence2.1 Definition of business English correspondenceNowadays more and more people choose to work in companies and do commercial work. As China joined the WTO, enterprises are all choosing to open their markets and expand them into the international world, thus making English inevitably become the most used language in the world. And in this way a new subject appeared that we call it “business English”. In terms of business English, we refer to the language used in order to adapt to the job market whose contents include a lot of aspects (Kansi, 1983; 134). Unlike the general English learners, people who learn business English are more targeted and specialized.Business correspondence means the act of communicating by means ofcorrespondences or the correspondences between correspondents (菱, 2000; 87). It is the main way for traders to do business, exchange commercial information and consult and give answers to commercial questions in international trade. Besides, it is a reflection of different cultures, social backgrounds and representative of interests of both parties of a trading activity. Business English correspondences is different from personal correspondences, for it is more formal and can be a legal document for both enterprises to do business transaction and deal with commercial disputes. This is a serious problem that business English correspondence writers should pay attention to.Different from the state correspondence or personal correspondences, business English correspondences has its own characteristics both in the article style and language (Ober, 1998; 98). In particular, it is high demanded of the correctness and standards of language. The business correspondence should be clear, concise, concrete, and of courtesy in language.2.2 Assortment of business English correspondenceIt can categorize business correspondences into three kinds. They are as follows: The first kind is in accordance with the letters’ content. We have invitation letters, selling letters, employing letters, and etc. In terms of the role the business letters plays in commercial activities of enterprises, we have negotiating letters which aims at address a dispute, friendly letters which is used to keep a friendly touch with another company, and etc. The last is the correspondence, which is used to give some information .The information may be good or bad.In a word, we can classify the business correspondences from different perspectives just as the way mentioned above. Sometimes, each kind is not so isolated from others. Besides we have mentioned above, there are also many kinds of business English correspondences such as letters for setting up business relationships, conclusion of business, sales contract or confirmation, sales promotion, order and fulfillment, products shipment, shipping advice, insurance, claim, asking for an agent, processing trade, compensation trade, and etc.2.3 Function of business English correspondenceToday it has come into an information society with the development of information technology and the Internet. Business English correspondences plays an important part in international trading activities due to its courtesy, completeness, conciseness and other good features in order to obtain and deliver information, make effective communication, address related issues in commercial activities and maintain good and normal operating relations. Business correspondence means the act of communicating by means of letters or the letters, which pass between correspondents (菱, 2000; 76) .It is the main way for traders to do business, exchange commercial information and consult and give answers to commercial questions in international trade. Besides, it is a reflection of different cultures, social backgrounds and representative of interests of both parties of a trading activity. Business English letters is different from personal letters, for it is more formal and can be a legal document for both enterprises to do business transaction and deal with commercial disputes. All in all, we summarized its function as follows: First, it can improve the working efficiency of foreign trade and reduce the cost. Second, it helps enterprises to seek more new clients and deepen their relations with the companies. Third, the business English letters can promote the foreign trade economy. And finally it is bound to play an important role in fulfilling the globalization of trade.3 Basic writing principles for business correspondence3.1 PolitenessBeing polite is an important principle in business circles. A polite correspondence can help you win others’ will. Therefore, it is appropriate to use more frequently words such as “please”, “I will be highly appreciated that...”, It is our pleasure to…” and etc. There are inevitably conflicts and disputes in businesstransactions. And it is politeness that can function as a lubricant to break deadlocks. When doing compensation, making complaints, and refusing to accept some requests, business English correspondences’ writers must be more polite and try to use words not so imperative. When responding to others’correspondences, the writers shall also use polite words no matter how bad the attitude of the other party is. First, the writers should be good at using passive sentences, which can make your words more temperate. For example, the sentence“You made a very careless mistake” may be better if it is changed into “ A very careless mistake was made”. Second, the writers should be good at using question sentences to show politeness and euphemism and conditional sentences to make your recommendations sounds more tentative and euphemistic.3.2 Conciseness and CompletenessEmphatic and descriptive words are good ways to make business English correspondence more effective. Writers can choose abbreviated words in foreign trade fields that are familiar to people. Besides, the sentence structure should be concise and simple. Writers should use more words to replace complex sentences and try to maintain the completeness and make sentences more concise (Baugh, 1986; 39). For instance,“As what you have requested...”can be simplified into “As requested...”.Moreover, it is a key factor to keep the completeness of information. Some words used in our daily life such as “the above mentioned”,“the former”,“respectively”should not be used in business correspondences as much as possible. Make sure provide complete information to let the other party be clear at the first glance.3.3 Clearness, Concreteness and CorrectnessClearness is the most important principle in business English correspondence. An unclear correspondence may cause misunderstanding and ambiguous and even trading loss. Therefore, writers should pay attention to select correct words and make your sentences structure is absolutely right.In business English correspondences writing, the information that is delivered should be concrete and vivid to avoid the risk of ambiguity. Correctness not only requires that grammar, syntax, and marks and spelling be right, but the commercial technical terms should be represented appropriately. The communicative effects will be greatly damaged if mistakes are made in spelling, person, punctuation marks, tense, and etc. Besides, writers should use more formal words. For example, abbreviations as “I’ll”, “we’re” should not be used.4 Lexicon and writing principles of business correspondence4.1 The Definition of lexicologyIn the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, the definition of lexicology is the study of the form, meaning and behavior of words. Technically, lexicology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. The term lexicology contains two Greek morphemes: lexikon and logie. The former means “word”, the latter means “learning” or “the study of” (Nation, 2001).4.2 Review of studies on lexical features4.2.1Review of studies on lexical features in English for Specific PurposesEnglish has been more and more frequently used in various circles. We have summarized this situation as workplace English including tourism English, law English, medical English and etc. And in this thesis, we mainly focused on its use in business field that is “business English”. We are now living in a globalized world, and after China entering the WTO, our country’s commercial activities are increasing rapidly, which makes business English become an indispensable languagetool for communication in the world’s economical activities. Business English correspondence is one of the most effective ways in international communication .A good knowledge of English is the important foundation for writers to write a good and effective business English correspondence. In the meanwhile, there are many other factors should be paid attention to, such as avoiding Chinglish, having knowledge of the background knowledge of western culture, keeping eye on the trading style of the other party and etc. In one word, with the continuous changes of the forms of commercial activities, the business English correspondences must change accordingly.4.2.2 Former studies on lexical features of English business correspondenceLexicon plays an important part in writing. And in business English writing, the lexicon is of more significance. Many scholars have made many researches of the language and lexicon in business English correspondences from various perspectives. They studied many aspects such as the lexicon meaning, function, correctness, and etc. Therefore, it is of much research value to do research in this aspect. This thesis tried to explore more meaningful things expecting to provide some useful information to the readers and business English learners (勇斌, 2005; 196).4.3 The Lexical Features Represented in Courtesy and ConsiderationIt has mentioned that there are 7Cs principles in business writing, here, I’ll divide them into 3 classifications to illustrate the lexical features in each classification. The first classification is lexical features represented in courtesy in courtesy and consideration. In business correspondences, we often use some polite words to express our kindness to other. And we often use some special words to present consideration to the other party. So from some aspect we can say that the consideration for the other party is also show our courtesy. The second classification is lexical features represented in conciseness and completeness. As I mentioned above, business correspondence should be concise, but that doesn’tmean that the less the better. At the same time, we should notice that we give the complete information that needed. The last classification is lexical features represented in clearness, concreteness and correctness. These three principles have one common target that is to make the business correspondence be accurate and not to be misunderstanding.4.3.1 Use polite wordsEnglish business correspondences is an important way of commercial communication and play many roles such as delivering information, building cooperative relationship, promoting company’s operations and strengthening communication in commercial activities (汤军, 1998; 148). To achieve commercial goals successfully, it is essential to use polite and appropriate language. According to Leech (Leech, 1983; 236), there is a set of Politeness Principle (PP) that socially governs communicative behavior. The Politeness Principle (PP) is formulated as follows: Minimize (other things being equal) the expression of impolite belief, and maximize (other things being equal) the expression of polite beliefs.4.3.2 Use positive wordsThe meaning of word is combined with conceptual meaning and associative meaning. He former one is the core of a word and the associative meaning is a combination of a word’s emotional and stylistic meaning. Words of positive emotional meaning will deliver an unhappy feeling on readers. In English business correspondences, words of positive meaning can send people an emotion of delight, happiness and positiveness and make them feel respected, thus making words more acceptable. Therefore, in English business correspondences, words that can express gratitude and praise are often used. For instance, We would be very grateful if you could let us take delivery before the selling season. It gives us much pleasure to receive the catalogue and samples you sent us. In a word, it is more acceptable tochoose words of positive meaning in English business correspondences.4.3.3 HedgesHedge words are those have certain core meaning in language while not all the sense of them are definite（伍铁平, 1999;143）. They are different from semantic ambiguity. They have their unique characteristics and rich pragmatic function. Using hedge words appropriately will make correspondence language more polite instead of affecting its preciseness of language.Hedges can be divided into two kinds. On one hand, we can use some words or expressions that can change the original meaning of discourse. For example, we can use “a little, roughly, greatly, approximately “ and etc. On the other hand, we use words that do not change the true condition of discourse but can soften the language mood (楚君, 2004; 71). In commercial activities, there are some inevitably disputes that can not be avoided in the cooperation of both trading parties because of some interests conflicts and contradictions. In those situations, writers could use hedges to deliver their information more quickly in order to give both parties more space to save their trade and face, thus easily changing their way of trading. For example, the sentence “We can not agree with the price you offer.”may be changed into “I am afraid that we can not agree with the price you have set’. And in this way, your words can be more acceptable by the other party.4.3.4 Use more modal verbsModal words have modal meaning and modal meaning is the courage of a verb that can express the speaker’s attitude towards and emotion to the subject he talks about. Whether the language is polite depends on whether the modal words are strong. Modal words like “could, might, would, should”and etc. more of negotiable mood that can make language mood more euphemistic and are often used in English business letters.4.4 The lexical features represented in conciseness and completeness4.4.1 Choice of concise wordingWriters of business English correspondences, when write a business English correspondence, redundancy of words should be avoided. Try to make the words and sentences more clear. Too many detail descriptions should also be avoided as much as possible. For example, in the sentence “We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad”, the word “export” and “countries abroad” are of the same meaning. And in this case, we suggest that “countries abroad”should be omitted. Emphatic and descriptive words are a good way to make business English correspondence more effective. Writers can choose abbreviated words in foreign trade fields that are familiar to people. Besides, the sentence structure should be concise and simple. Writers should use more words to replace complex sentences and try to maintain the completeness and make sentences more concise (Baugh, 1986; 94). For instance,“As what you have requested...” can be simplified into “As requested...”. Moreover, it is a key factor to keep the completeness of information. Some words used in our daily life such as “the above mentioned”,“the former”,“respectively”should not be used in business correspondences as much as possible. Make sure provide complete information to let the other party be clear at he first glance.4.4.2 Synonyms in pairsSynonym is another important word form used in business English correspondences. It refers to words of the same or almost the same meaning but have different spelling forms or sound different. These words are often used in business English correspondences. For instance,”we have some terms and pacts needing you to check carefully”.It is very common to use a great deal of synonyms in business correspondences. On one hand, the use of synonyms reflects the diversity and flexibility of language in business English correspondences. On the other hand, these synonyms have a little difference in the meaning or usage, which can indirectly reflect the preciseness of business English. Such as goods, commodity, merchandise, shipment, freight, cargo and consignment. These words that we listed here all can refer to things in commercial trading. But if we use different words, we refer to the same thing. However, there should be noted that we can not still mix them together or just take them as one word. Because they are divided into accordance with various link of international trade, they represent different links. Shipment and cargo are generally referred to things in transportation, while merchandise, goods, commodities are more likely to refer to things when they are sold or bought. Therefore, this is a special feature of lexicon in business English correspondences that deserving learners to pay their attention to.4.4.3 Use AffixLanguage is changing with the development of our society and business English, as an application of general English in commercial activities is changing as well. And the great waved of the economy’s globalization bring more opportunities for business English. In the lexicon of business English, the most striking feature is that the usage of some new prefix and affix, which contributed the birth of some new words in business area. For example, the prefix e-, eco-, tel-, and suffix -ism ,and etc. Some new words made from them such as e-commerce, tele-message, eco-friendly, endism, and etc.4.4.4 Use abbreviationsAbbreviations are an important part of business English lexicon that formed in the long-term commercial practices. The use of abbreviations can make your expression more concise and clear and they are frequently used in commercial activities. Abbreviations are often represented by the capitalized correspondences,such as L/C (correspondence of credit), B/L (bill of landing), EAT (estimated arrival time), ASAP (as soon as possible), and etc.4.5. The Lexical features represented in clearness, concreteness and correctness4.5.1 Choice of precise wordingIn business correspondences, there are some special expressions and words that re not so frequently used in situations of daily life. These words almost do not appear in general English .In some cases, they are used in ordinary English, but will have different meaning in business English. This is also a lexical feature of business English correspondences. For example, in the phrase “on the terms and conditions”, the words “ term” and “condition” are both of the meaning “in some situation or with some requirements”. In our daily life, there is no need to use the two words of the same meaning at the same time, while in business English correspondences, they are must be used together like above to guarantee that the letters are precise and rigorous. In another example, the word “advise” in the phrase “advise sb of sth” is used as the meaning “give a suggestion or recommend”in daily usage. But in business English correspondences, it means “notice”. There are a lot of such words in business English. For instance, the word “offer”generally refers to “provide or supply sth”, while in business English correspondences it can used as of the a meaning associated with the stocks. Again, in insurance industry, “the word “policy”means “the credit to prove you make an insurance”rather than the ordinary meaning “principles”. Therefore, it is of great necessity for writers of business English writers to pay attention to this.4.5.2 Preference of concrete words to abstract wordsIn business English correspondences, writers should make sure that the information that they deliver is specific, correct and vivid as possible as they can. Try to compare the following sentences: “We have sent to you as usual under your L/C”. “We have sent to you our sight draft No. 231 of the Central Bank.”Bycomparison, it is apparent for us to see that information of the second sentence is more specific, which make readers can clearly make sense of the information the writer want to deliver at their first glance. However, the first one is so general that readers can understand what does the sentence mean after careful thinking.4.5.3 Use simple words to make sure of clearnessIn business English correspondences, the principle clearness is of great significance as well. It refers to deliver the information that writers try to pass on clearly and directly without causing any misunderstanding or bringing any trouble for both trading parties. A clear expression has been an important link to make sure of effective commercial communication all the time and thus become the objective and standard of business English writing. If the receivers of the business English correspondences can not make sense of what the writers intention is, the correspondence will be bound to turn out to be meaningless no matter how figured and magnificent the language is . And in some cases, such correspondences that cannot deliver correct and clear information may even cause misunderstandings and trading losses.To solve this problem, firstly, we can choose to use simple words that familiar to us. In doing trading communication, we had better use words that are simple and in line with their regular expressing ways, either verbally or in the written form. It should be noted that words that are complex, strange and ambiguous should be avoided. Secondly, writers should organize the structures of sentence and paragraph. And in those correspondences, writers had better make sure that the passage is rigorous while words and expressions are simple and clear. Thirdly, some determined words should be closely follow the words that that they modify, which can avoid ambiguity. For example, the sentence “Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.” In this sentence, the position of “rapidly” leads to two different understandings of this sentence. Readers may get confused that which word does the word “rapidly” modify, “work” or “conditions”? If we change the sentence into “ Those who work in these condition get ill rapidly, the meaning that the sentenceis going to deliver will become very clear.There is another problem. In a sentence, writers should note that words of two meanings should not be used. For instance, “We shall take a firm line with the firm.”In this sentence, the first “firm” means “strong and tenacious”, but the second “firm”means “corporation or company”. It is very easily for readers to get confused. Therefore, this sentence may be changed into “We shall take a strong line with the firm”. And thus the meaning of the whole sentence will be very clear.5 ConclusionBushiness English correspondence is very worth in researching. It has its own particular lexical features. This thesis studies the lexical features on the basis of collected data and tries to explain these features form the aspect from writing principles. After the author analyzed the authentic data collected from foreign trade companies, it is found that there exist some specific lexical features of business English correspondences, such as preference of concrete words to abstract words, choice of precise wording, use positive words and use simple or common words instead of difficult words. Business English correspondence is one of the most effective ways in international communication. A good knowledge of English is the important foundation for writers to write a good and effective business English correspondence. In the meanwhile, here are many other factors should be paid attention to, such as avoiding Chinglish, having knowledge of the background knowledge of western culture. In one word, with the continuous changes of the forms of commercial activities, the business English correspondence must change accordingly.。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究1. 正式性：商务英语信函的语言要求正式、规范，体现出商务活动的认真和严肃。
信函开头通常会用到一些礼貌用语和称谓，例如“Dear Sir/Madam”或者“To whom it may concern”。
2. 清晰明了：商务英语信函的语言要求简洁明了，表达清晰，避免使用模棱两可或者难以理解的词语和表达方式。
需要用简单明了的词汇和句子结构来传达信息。
3. 专业性：商务英语信函涉及商务活动，因此需要使用与商务相关的专业词汇和术语，确保信息的准确性和专业性。
商务英语信函还需要使用正确的商务礼仪，例如感谢和道歉的表达方式。
4. 一致性：商务英语信函的语言要求一致性，即在同一封信函中使用相同的语气、语调和表达方式。
这有助于提高信息的连贯性和可读性。
翻译研究是商务英语信函的重要组成部分之一。
商务英语信函的翻译需要考虑翻译的准确性和专业性，同时还需要考虑到文化差异和商务礼节的特点。
在进行商务英语信函的翻译时，翻译人员需要遵循以下几个原则：1. 信函的准确性：翻译人员需要确保翻译的准确性，将原文中的信息完整地传达给读者。
在进行翻译时，需要注重语义和语境的理解，避免产生歧义或者误导。
2. 专业性：商务英语信函涉及到专业术语和行业特殊性，因此翻译人员需要熟悉相关的背景知识和专业术语，以确保翻译的专业性和准确性。
3. 文化差异：不同的国家和地区在商务礼节和表达方式上可能存在差异，翻译人员需要了解不同文化背景下的商务礼仪和表达方式，以避免文化冲突和误解。
4. 语言风格：商务英语信函的翻译需要根据读者的语言习惯和文化背景选择合适的词汇、句子结构和表达方式，以确保翻译的流畅和可读性。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函是国际商务往来中的重要文书，具有明确的目的和文体语言特点。
本文就商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译进行研究，旨在帮助翻译人员更好地理解和翻译商务英语信函。
一、语言特点1.正式性商务英语信函的风格正式，需要使用规范的语言和格式来表达要点。
语言要简明扼要，语气要得体，不可冒犯或冷冰冰的。
在信件的开头和结尾，还需使用恰当的礼貌语。
2.清晰性商务英语信函要求表述清晰明了，不得含糊不清或含混不清。
对于一些专业词汇，也需要在信函中加以注释，以便对方的理解。
3.精确性商务英语信函中需要使用准确无误的词汇和语法结构，不可出现拼写错误、语法错误或者表述不当的情况。
这一点非常重要，因为商务信函的细节决定着商务往来的成败。
4.礼貌性在商务英语信函中，必须表现出礼貌和尊重。
要注意使用恰当的称呼和礼仪用语，避免使用不当的语言或内容，如侮辱、侵犯隐私等。
5.机密性商务英语信函中的内容可能涉及到一些商业机密或者敏感信息，需要保持机密性。
因此，在信函中可能会使用一些措辞或者技巧来保护信息的安全性，同时也要遵守相关法律法规。
二、翻译研究1.翻译技巧商务英语信函翻译需要具备一定的英语基础和商务背景知识。
在翻译时，应该准确理解原文的意思，并找到与之相对应的中文翻译。
此外，还应该注意掌握一些翻译技巧，如以下几点。
（1）准确翻译专业词汇，如商业术语和法律术语等。
（2）根据信函的目的和行文的语气选择适当的翻译方式，表现原文的特点和风格。
（3）遵守文化差异和公司规定，对一些敏感话题进行措辞上的调整。
（4）注意翻译的逻辑和连贯性，使译文与原文相符合。
2.翻译难点商务英语信函翻译存在一些难点，主要包括语境、词汇和结构等方面的问题。
（1）语境在翻译过程中，需要准确把握原文的上下文，避免出现翻译不当、偏离主题或漏译等情况，应注意将原文的语境还原到译文中。
（2）词汇商务英语信函中有很多专业词汇，如商业术语和专业词汇等。
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究
商务英语信函的语言特点及翻译研究商务英语信函是商务交流中常见的一种书信形式，其语言特点和翻译研究对于商务交流和国际贸易具有重要意义。
本文将探讨商务英语信函的语言特点以及翻译研究，希望能够对相关领域的研究和实践提供一些参考和启发。
一、商务英语信函的语言特点1. 专业性强商务英语信函的语言具有很强的专业性，涉及到贸易、合同、市场营销、商业合作等方面的内容。
商务英语信函需要使用准确、规范的词汇和表达方式，以确保信息的准确传达和商务关系的顺利发展。
2. 正式性和礼貌性商务英语信函作为商业交流的一种重要形式，通常具有一定的正式性和礼貌性。
在信函中，需要使用得体的称呼和礼貌用语，如"Dear Mr./Ms."、"Yours sincerely"等，以展现出商务交流中的尊重和礼貌。
3. 清晰简洁商务英语信函的语言需要保持清晰简洁，以便接收方能够准确理解信函的内容。
在信函中，应尽量避免冗长的句子和复杂的语法结构，使用简单明了的语言表达要点，让接收方能够快速抓住重点信息。
4. 信息量大商务英语信函通常需要包含大量的具体信息，如合作意向、产品介绍、商务合同条款等。
商务英语信函的语言需要能够准确、完整地表达出这些信息，以满足商务交流中的实际需求。
1. 语言翻译商务英语信函的翻译研究需要重点关注语言翻译的准确性和流畅性。
翻译者需要在尽量保持原文意思的基础上，根据目标语言的习惯和规范，选择合适的词汇和表达方式，以确保翻译的准确性和可读性。
2. 文化差异在商务英语信函的翻译过程中，需要充分考虑不同国家和地区的文化差异，避免因文化差异而产生的误解和不适当的表达。
翻译者需要了解相关国家和地区的文化特点和习惯，以确保翻译的文化适应性和交流效果。
3. 商务用语商务英语信函中常涉及到大量的商务用语，这些用语在翻译过程中需要得到恰当的处理。
翻译者需要了解这些商务用语的含义和用法，选择合适的翻译方式，以确保翻译的专业性和准确性。
看的 补充练习一：商务英语信函语言特点及翻译要点
I. 商务英语信函的类别及相关知识
• 6、订购函：买方收到报盘函后，如认为卖方 提供的商品及一切条件均比较满意而予以接受， 并经过卖方确认，一笔交易就达成了。这时买 方便要写一份正式订单寄给对方。这种订单可 以是信函形式的，也可以是表格形式的。订购 函与询盘、报盘函不同，它是一种例行手续。 买卖双方经过面洽，或用电话、电报将交易谈 妥，但事后仍需用书面形式对订购商品加以确 认，以免发生差错。 • 7、装运函：买卖双方达成交易后，卖方就应 该按合同在规定期限内将货物运交买方。
I. 商务英语信函的类别及相关知识
从文体正式程度和内容重要性的角度来看，涉外商务信函可分为： 正式函件和便函 从内容和商务操作过程的角度，涉外商务信函则可以划分为以下几大类： 建立业务关系类 产品推销类 资信查询类 询盘类 发盘还盘类 定购类 支付类 装运通知类 保险类 索赔类 邀请致谢类
II. 商务信函的篇章结构
• 1.China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Imp & Exp Corp. • 8 Jianguomen Nei Dajie • Beijing 10005, China • Telephone: 86-10-6526-8888 • Fax: 86-10-6527-6028 • E-mail: carl@ • 2.Our Ref. • Your Ref. • • 4.Messrs H. Ronald & Co. • 556 Eastcheap • London, E.C. 3, England • 5.Attention: Import Dept. • 6.Dear Sirs, • 7.Aquatic Products 8.We thank you for your enquiry of 5 November. In compliance with your request, we are sending you herewith a copy of our illustrated catalogue and a quotation sheet for your reference. • All prices are subject to our confirmation for our aquatic products have been selling well this season. Therefore, we would suggest that you advise us by a fax in case of interest. • We await your early favorable reply. • 9.Yours truly, • 10. China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Imp & Exp Corp. • Sig. _______________ • (Manager) • • • 11.Enclosures • our Shanghai Branch Office • 13.P.S. We require payment by L/C for a total value not exceeding USD50,000.
商务英语信函实用语言特点及语气辨析
商务英语信函实用语言特点及语气辨析本文就商务英语信函越来越趋向实用简洁这一趋势表现出的语言特点进行辨析，并对针对某一问题的信函的语气语调做浅显的探析。
标签：商务英语信函语言特点语气特点辨析商务英语信函是一种常用的英语应用文体，它在贸易往来中发挥着重要作用。
随着信息技术的突飞猛进，信息量的剧增，商务英语信函越来越趋向实用简洁，用简单朴实的语言，准确地表达自己的意思。
本文通过实例进行辨析，希望对您写作商务信函有借鉴作用。
一、语言特点商务信函的写作秘诀就是用平实无华的的语言，仿佛”书面交谈”。
简言之，就是自然、礼貌、简洁、准确地傳递信息。
现代商务信函更多地采用非正式书面语，而不是过于正式。
1.自然真切尽管每个人都会体现自己的撰写风格，但要读着真切、自然，如同当面交谈一般。
试比较:(1)I have pleasure in informing you...与I am pleased to tell you...(2)We do not anticipate any increase in prices.与We do not expect prices to rise.(3)I should be grateful if you would be good enough to advise us...与Please let us know...(4)Please favour us with a prompt reply.与Please let me have your comments as soon as possible. 后句用的都是一些简单明了的语句，信函读起来自然真切热情，反而能促进双方的了解和友谊的建立。
2.直截了当商人有许多文件要读，对他们来说，时间就是金钱，因此，他们更欣赏直截了当的信函。
试比较:(1)We shall in a position to...与I shall be able to…(2)In the course of the next few weeks...与During the next few weeks...(3)Would you be so kind as to let us know...与Please let us know...(4)I should be glad if you would...与Please...(5)I would like to remind you that...与Please note that..., Please remember that...前句都显得冗长，不如后句直截了当又不失礼貌，读起来节省时间。
商务书信英语格式范文
商务书信英语格式范文As a small business owner, it is crucial to master the art of writing proper business letters in English. 作为一名小企业主，掌握正确书写商务英语书信的技巧至关重要。
First and foremost, a well-written business letter should be concise and to the point. 客观而言，一封写得好的商务书信应该简洁明了。
When addressing a business letter, it is important to use the appropriate salutation and closing. 在写商务书信时，使用合适的称谓和结尾十分重要。
Moreover, it is essential to maintain a professional tone throughout the letter. 此外，书信中应该始终保持专业的语气。
In addition, the content of the letter should be structured in a logical and organized manner. 此外，书信的内容应该以合乎逻辑和有组织的方式进行组织。
Furthermore, it is important to proofread the letter for any grammatical or typographical errors before sending it out. 此外，在发送书信之前，审校文法及检查拼写错误是十分重要的。
In conclusion, mastering the art of writing proper business letters in English is essential for any small business owner. 总之，掌握正确书写商务英语书信的技巧对任何一名小企业主来说都是至关重要的。
外贸工作中商务英语信函写作及翻译技巧(全文)
外贸工作中商务英语信函写作及翻译技巧一、外贸商务英语信函的特征英语教学的最终目的在于学生交际能力的培养，这种交际的能力不仅包括口头的语言交流还包括书面的交流，因此英语的写作是其交际能力培养的重要组成部分之一。
就商务英语信函的写作而言，是将英语的写作具体为一种信函的形式应用于具体的外贸商务活动。
商务英语信函写作和翻译直接关系到贸易上方交流的畅通及对相关信息理解的准确性，因此，其写作和翻译在我们的高校教学中也应当受到充分的重视。
写好商务英语信函便要对其特点有充分的了解，在此基础上运用正确运用相关修辞手法及恰当的语言表达方式，使其对外贸商务活动的作用得到更好的发挥。
外贸商务英语信函的特征主要有：首先，就商务信函中所用的词汇而言，其选词应做到礼貌客气、用词准确且专业。
在商务信函中应该多用书面语及相关的谦辞和敬辞，以充分体现出商务信函的规范性和正式性。
句子结构中多使用here、fter、under等复合副词或者古体词以使得商务信函更具专业性和严肃性。
对于一些英语词汇的选择，应充分考虑语境和整体语义的表达，做到选用词义的准确恰当，幸免同义词使用带来的不必要的误会等。
其次，就商务信函所用的句式而言多为完整的复杂句和肯定句且多固定表达的套语。
作为型合语言的英语，它主要通过语法的使用来标明句法之间的关系，因而省略在英语中是不常见的，在商务信函翻译时便要考虑这种语言结构习惯的差异使得翻译后的文本能够准全完整的表达相关的外贸商务信息。
同时在信函中多使用肯定句用一种委婉的形式传递贸易信息促进交易的实现。
而固定套语的使用则会使信函的正式性得到突出的同时也保证交往的礼貌，比如信函结尾使用We look fter to……等。
最后，注重信函中语气的使用和表达。
商务信函的作用在于交流相关商品和贸易信息促进交易的实现，因此，在信函中应该做到礼貌、客气与委婉，为己方树立良好的形象，保证交易的实现，在信函中情态动词、虚拟语气及其被动语态的使用可以达到该种效果。
商务信函有哪些特点.doc
商务信函有哪些特点篇一：英语商务信函英的特点和相关特性的解析中国入世以后,英语商业信件在对外贸易中起着越来越重要的作用。
然而,从文体学的角度系统地去研究它的语言及文体特征还是一个比较新的领域。
本文采用现代文体学理论,从字位、词汇、句法、语境四个层面对英语商业信件进行了分析,并对未来英语商业信件的语体发展趋势进行了预测。
关键词:商业信件语言描述语境因素随着中国的改革开放及中国加入世界贸易组织的成功,国际贸易受到人们越来越多的重视。
在国际贸易中,信息的交流是必需的,而信件是信息交流通常采纳的一种形式。
即使在人们成功地使用电报、电传之后,信件仍用于确认是否收到了电报、电传。
现在,传真、E-mail比信件、电报、电传受到更多人的欢迎,而传真、E-mail通常采纳信件的形式,因此,传真、E-mail也可看成是商业信件的一种变体。
从这一意义上来说,信件仍然是现代交际的主要方式。
英语,作为一种全世界通用的工作语言,自然也就成为商业信件的主要语言。
所以,本文讨论的将是英语商业信件。
为便于分析,也为了增加分析的真实性,我们选了美国一家公司的经理发给河北某企业集团的五封信。
本文拟从两个角度对所选信件进行文体分析：语言描述和语境因素分析。
在语言描述当中,我们采用文体标记系统给语言特征进行分类。
在文体学中一般把语言特征分为四个层面：音系、字位、词汇、句法,商业信件是一种书面语言,音系文体标记不具有文体意义。
我们只分析字位、词汇、句法三个方面。
对一语篇的彻底理解也取决于它所存在的语境。
语境可分为两类：语言语境（linguistic context 或co-text）和情景语境（extralinguistic context或context of situation）。
在讨论商业信件时,我们将从情景语境的组成部分,即语言使用者的特点,语言使用的目的,主题,交流媒介,角色关系五个方面对商业信件的语境因素进行分析。
一、语言描述字位文体标记：英语商业信件采用的是书面语言,目的是为了让收信人获取某种信息,或采取某种行动,无意于达到音系的效果。
英文电子邮件的写作特点和格式
英文电子邮件的写作特点和格式一、主题主题（Subject）框的内容应简明地概括信的内容，短的可以是一个单词，如greetings；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整句，但长度一般不超过35个字母。
YES：Supplier trainingNO：professional trainees from sister company should abide by rule of local company （太长）主题框的内容切忌含糊不清。
NO：像News about the meeting 这样的表达，YES：应改为Tomorrow's meeting canceled。
一般来说，只要将位于句首的单词和专有名词的首字母大写即可。
另外一种较为正规的格式可将除了少于5个字母的介词、连接词或冠词之外的每一个单词的首字母大写。
YES：New E-mail Address Notification；Detailed calculationNO：detailed calculation视信的内容是否重要，还可以开头加上URGENT或者FYI（For Your Information，供参考），如：URGENT：Submit your report today!二、称呼1、E-mail一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文（Body）前的称呼（Salutation）通常无须使用诸如Dear Mr. John之类的表达。
在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔加上姓。
YES：Tommy，或者Mr. Smith。
2、称呼和正文之间，段落之间，正文和信尾客套话之间一般空一行，开头无须空格。
如：Jimmy, I received your memo and will discuss it with Eric on Wednesday.Best, David3、人家的名字千万不要错,老一辈的看到名字错就干脆撵去垃圾桶. 同样, 头衔都不要错. 头衔或学位,任择其一吧.以下是一样的: Howard E. Wyatt, Dr. Howard E. Hyatt4、多过一个男人,用Messrs,就是Misters的意思,不过不要跟名字,跟姓就行啦.YES: Messrs. Smith, Wyatt, and Fury 。
商务英语信函的语言特征及其翻译
商务英语信函的语言特征及其翻译
一、正式语气
翻译技巧：
1.保持适当的形式化：在翻译过程中，要尽量保持信函的正式特点，避免使用口语化的表达方式。
2.使用礼貌称呼：翻译时要注意保留文化习惯中的客套用语，如“尊敬的”、“敬爱的”等。
二、明确的目的和请求
翻译技巧：
1.清晰明确的表达：在翻译过程中要确保目的和请求的清晰度，避免歧义。
2.注意语气的适应：在翻译请求时，要根据具体上下文选择适当的语气，如委婉或直接表达。
三、准确的信息传递
翻译技巧：
1.确保信息的准确性：在翻译过程中要保证信息的准确传递，避免误导或误解。
2.注重细节和精确度：尽量避免使用模糊或含糊不清的表达方式，确保信息的完整和明确。
四、简洁明了的表达
翻译技巧：
1.简洁明了的翻译：在翻译过程中要注意保持句子简洁明了，避免冗
长的表达。
2.错误删除：翻译时要确保信息的准确性，避免在简化句子的过程中
删除重要信息。
五、专业词汇和术语
翻译技巧：
1.准确翻译专业词汇和术语：在翻译过程中要熟悉相关领域的专业词
汇和术语，确保准确的翻译。
2.解释专业词汇和术语：如果读者对一些专业词汇或术语不熟悉，可
以在翻译中加入解释或提供相关背景信息。
总结：
商务英语信函具有正式语气、明确的目的和请求、准确的信息传递、
简洁明了的表达和专业词汇和术语等特征。
在翻译商务英语信函时，需要
注重保持适当的形式化、清晰明确的表达、准确的信息传递、简洁明了的
翻译和有效使用专业词汇和术语。
同时，翻译人员还应了解相关背景知识，确保翻译准确、恰当地传达信函的目的和意图。