瓦楞纸板基础知识

WHAT ISTHE CORRUGATED?

Corrugated fiberboard or "combined board" has two main components: the liner (面纸）and the medium (芯纸). Both are made of a special kind of heavy paper called containerboard (箱板纸).

Linerboard (瓦楞纸箱外层的高强箱板纸) is the flat facing that adheres to the medium. The medium is the wavy, fluted paper (楞纸) in between the liners.

COMMON BOARD STYLES 常用纸板的种类

Single Face: One medium is glued to one flat

sheet of linerboard.

单面纸板：一层芯纸粘接在一层平面箱板纸上。

Single Wall: The medium is between two sheets

of linerboard. Also known as Double Face.

单瓦楞纸板：芯纸粘在二层箱板纸之间，也被称为

双层纸板。

Double Wall: Threesheets of linerboard with two

mediums in between.

双瓦楞纸板：二层芯纸夹在三层面纸之间。

（在中国又被称为五层瓦楞纸板）

Triple Wall: Four sheets of linerboard with three

mediums in between.

三瓦楞纸板：三层芯纸夹在四层面纸之间。

（在中国又被称为7层瓦楞纸板）

Flutes 楞形

Architects have known for thousands of years that an arch （拱） with the proper curve （曲线） is the strongest way to span a given space （跨越一个给定的空间）. The inventors of corrugated fiberboard applied this same principle to paper when they put arches in the

corrugated medium（瓦楞芯纸）. These arches are known as flutes （楞）and when anchored to the linerboard with adhesive, they resist bending and pressure from all

directions.

When a piece of combined board is placed on its end, the arches form rigid columns, capable of supporting a great deal of weight. When pressure is applied to the side of

the board, the space in between the flutes acts as a cushion（垫子）to protect the container's contents. The flutes also serve as an insulator (绝缘体, 绝热器,保温层）, providing some product protection from sudden temperature changes. At the same time, the vertical linerboard provides even more strength and protects the flutes from damage.

Flutes come in several standard shapes or flute profiles (A, B, C, E, F, etc.). A-flute （A楞）was the first to be developed. B-flute was the next and is much smaller than A-flute. C-flute followed and is between A and B in size. It is also the most common large flute profile. E-flute is smaller than B and F-flute is smaller yet. Due to variances in flute sizes between manufacturers, FBA no longer publishes flute guidelines.

In addition to these five most common profiles, new flute profiles—both larger and smaller than those listed here—are being created for more specialized boards. Generally, larger flute profiles deliver greater vertical compression strength （垂直压力）and cushioning, while smaller profiles provide better resistance to process and printing crush.

Different flute profiles can be combined in one piece of combined board. For instance, in a triple wall board, one layer of medium might be A-flute while the other two layers might be

C-flute. Mixing flute profiles in this way allows designers to manipulate the compression strength, cushioning strength （减震强度、缓冲强度） and total thickness of the combined board.

Corrugated Basics

What is Corrugated?

Corrugated boxes are easy to recognize. Corrugated is

made of paper and has an arched layer, called "fluting,"

between smooth sheets, called "liner." The corrugated most

commonly used to make boxes has one layer of fluting

between two smooth sheets. But there are many types of

corrugated available, each with different flute sizes and

thicknesses（厚度）.

Corrugated is an extremely durable, versatile, economical and lightweight material used for custom-manufactured shipping containers（运输容器）, packaging and point-of-purchase displays（销售展示包装，即所谓POP展示包装）, in addition to numerous non-traditional applications ranging from pallets（货盘、托盘）to children's toys to furniture.

Why Corrugated?

Corrugated. It's not just a brown box.

Corrugated is a complete, high-performance material design, manufacturing and delivery system. Corrugated is the preferred packaging material because it is:

1. Durable

2. Versatile

3. Lightweight

4. Environmentally Friendly

5. High-Tech

6. Customizable

7. Protective

8. Graphically Appealing

9. Cost-Effective

If it's not just a cardboard box, what is it?

A High-Tech Engineered Material.

What may come as a big surprise to many is that the ever-present corrugated "cardboard box"

is high-tech:

1. Ongoing R&D （研发）programs continuously improve such characteristics as

strength-to-weight ratios（强度与重度的比率）, printability, moisture barriers （潮气阻隔） and recyclability.

2. Corrugated components, designs and end products are manufactured on sophisticated,

automatic equipment that reduces costs and ensures consistent performance.

3. The vast majority of corrugated products are designed and prototyped with advanced,

computer-aided design （CAD）and manufacturing systems, providing customers with the best and most cost-effective solutions to their packaging challenges.

Infinitely Customizable.

Corrugated offers thousands of possible combinations of board types, flute sizes (caliper), basis weight, adhesives, treatment and coatings, including flame retardant and static control protection.

Corrugated is the only rigid shipping container and packaging medium that can be cut and folded into an infinite variety of shapes and sizes and direct-printed with high-resolution color graphics (including lithography, flexography and silk screening). And corrugated is not just for displays and boxes. Other uses include low-cost, one-way recyclable pallets, retail bulk bins, and lightweight castles that children can build themselves.

There are hundreds of basic designs and thousands of adaptations, each chosen on the basis of proven experience and the proposed use of the product.

Corrugated is routinely custom-designed to fit specific product protection, shelf space and shipping density requirements (including inner packaging that prevents shifting).

Tenaciously Protective.

Corrugated combines structural rigidity with superior cushioning qualities. Containers,

packages and pallets nest products in an optimally protective environment, so even heavy or fragile contents arrive undamaged.

Corrugated offers excellent tear, tensile and burst strength to withstand shipping pressures. It resists impact, drop and vibration damage while offering uniform stacking and weight

distribution so the load stays put, regardless of the form of transportation.

Corrugated can be designed to contain flowable, granular or loose bulk products and even hazardous materials. It is also used to ship liquids and fresh foods, with the addition of

removable plastic or waxed liners which serve as moisture barriers.

All this from a material that is lightweight, low-cost and recyclable.

Graphically Appealing.

Corrugated containers and packaging are mobile billboards that create product image

wherever they travel. Corrugated displays are eye-catching modular units that can be set up quickly and recycled at the end of a promotion.

Corrugated is a very flexible medium that accommodates a wide range of printing options to support the end-use requirement:

1. Offset lithography and rotogravure (high-volume).

2. Flexography or letterpress (shorter runs)

3. Silk screening (displays)

4. Corrugated can be direct printed in plant or manufactured with high-end process color

graphics.

Preeminently Cost-Effective.

One of the least expensive containers ever developed, the overall cost of corrugated shipping containers is usually between one percent and four percent of the value of the goods they carry.

The cost of labor and tools required to produce, fill, and move the container is low. The cost of shipping is low, due to lower weights and higher fill densities than alternative packaging. The trend toward light weighting will continue to drive down shipping costs. Low raw material costs and mass production of corrugated containers makes them particularly cost-efficient.

The ultimate contribution to cost reduction is when corrugated is used as an all-in-one shipping, storage, advertising and display medium - a growing trend both in warehouse and other retail stores.

Environmentally Responsible.

Corrugated, made from a natural renewable resource, has a great environmental record.

Corrugated is frequently manufactured using high percentages of secondary fiber (including old corrugated containers, kraft, old newspapers and even straw), thereby diverting these materials from the municipal solid waste stream.

In 2004, more than 24 million tons of corrugated were recovered and recycled in the U.S. -- that's 73 percent of all containerboard produced in the same year. Corrugated has the best recycling rate of any packaging material used today.

In addition, the use of corrugated constructions with high-performance linerboard has led to a significant overall reduction in basis weight and a significant source reduction of raw materials.

Water-based inks are now used almost exclusively for printing graphics on corrugated containers, avoiding the use of lead-based inks and solvents which pollute the air and the water used to wash down printing equipment between color changes.

Box Dimensions

Dimensions are given in the sequence of length, width and depth. Internationally, the words length, breadth and height may be used to express these dimensions. The dimensions of a box are described based on the opening of an assembled box, which can be located on the top or the side, depending on how it is to be filled. The opening of a box is a rectangle; that is, it has two sets of parallel sides. The longer of the two sides is considered its length, the shorter of the two sides is considered its width. The side perpendicular to length and width is considered the depth of the box.

Dimensions can be specified for either the inside or the outside of the box. Accurate inside dimensions must be determined to ensure the proper fit for the product being shipped or stored. At the same time, palletizing and distributing the boxes depends on the outside dimensions. The box manufacturer should be informed as to which dimension is most important to the customer.