原油减压蒸馏装置论

毕业设计（论文）题目： 22原油减压蒸馏装置设计

原油减压蒸馏控制系统设计

摘要

石油在加热条件下容易受热分解而使油品颜色变深、胶质增加。在常压蒸馏时，为保证产品质量，炉口温度一般不高于370℃，通过常压蒸馏，可以把原油中350℃以前的汽油、煤油、轻柴油等直流产品分离出来。350℃以上的高沸点馏分则难以蒸出，而这部分馏分油是生产润滑油和催化裂化原料油的主要原料，但是由于这部分油在高温下会发生分解反应，只能通过降低系统压力从而降低其沸点的方法来获得，所以一般情况下，炼油厂都会在常压蒸馏之后设置减压蒸馏过程，用以获取更大的经济效益。

根据生产任务的不同减压塔可以分为润滑油型和燃料油型两种。本次设计参考大庆原油的基本性质，其属于低硫石蜡基原油，其特点是高含蜡，高凝点，沥青质含量低，350~500℃减压馏分的润滑油含量约占原油的15%，而粘度指数可达90~120，是生产润滑油的良好原料，加工大庆原油时可以根据市场对产品的需求、经济效益等方面的因素，采用润滑油型加工方案。

本次设计根据任务书的要求，参照大庆原油的常减压蒸馏的部分操作数据，设计一座年处理量为300万吨的减压蒸馏装置，设计的主要内容包括：工艺流程的确定；抽真空系统相关参数的计算；加热炉负荷计算。

关键词：减压塔计算抽真空系统加热负荷

ABSTRACT

Oil under heated conditions degrade easily，becomes darker in color, increases in glial, in the atmospheric distillation, in order to ensure product quality, the mouth temperature is not higher than 370 ℃,by atmospheric distillation, gasoline, kerosene, light diesel oil that lower than 350 ℃of DC products are separated. The high boiling point higher than 350 ℃distillation fraction is difficult to isolate, but this part o the distillate is the main raw material of producing lubricants and fluid catalytic cracking feedstock. As this part of the oil at high temperatures will decompose, only by reducing the system pressure to reduce its boiling point to obtain, therefore, under normal circumstances, refinery will set the vacuum distillation process after distillation at normal pressure to obtain greater economic benefits.

According to different production tasks, vacuum tower can be divided into two kinds of lubricant type and fuel type, the design references the basic nature of Daqing crude oil. It belongs to low sulfur paraffinic crude oil, characterized by high wax, high pour point, low asphaltene content, 350 ~ 500 ℃vacuum distillate of crude oil content of about 15%, the viscosity index of 90 to 120,it’s good raw material for production of lubric ating oil. Daqing crude oil can be processed in accordance with market demand on the production level, economic and other factors, using lubricant type processing program.

According to the task requirements, refers to the operation data of Daqing crude oil vacuum distillation ,to design an annual handling capacity of 300 tons of vacuum distillation unit. The main design elements include: vacuum tower of the industrial design calculations; vacuum system related calculations; heating load calculation

Key words: vacuum tower calculations；vacuum systems；heating load

摘要............................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ II 1 绪论. (1)

1.1 背景 (1)

1.2设计的目的意义及要解决的问题 (2)

1.3 工艺特征 (2)

2 工艺流程设计 (4)

2.3塔器结构 (5)

3.4.1 加热炉的基本控制 (12)

3.4.3加热炉的单回路控制方案 (15)

4.9 工业控制计算机的选择 (27)

参考文献 (28)

致谢 (29)