定语从句关系代词关系副词非限制性定语从句
定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法
一．定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who，whom和whose，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
三、关系代词的用法
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）
2.which
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）
The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）
3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The boys who are
playing football are from Class One.
翻译：
4.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。例如：Mr. Ling is just the man
whom I want to see.
翻译：
5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
2. 关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one
等不定代词时；例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗？
c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时；例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher?
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday.
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
3. Do you like the book whose color is blue?
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
4. I’ve lost the pen which I like best.
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
做题思路：
1、首先要分清主句与从句；
2、然后找出先行词
3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；
4、再看先行词指人，还是指物；
5、在此基础上，选定恰当的关系代词。
1. The man ____ is standing there is my father.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
2. The girl ______coat is red is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which.
3. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
4. Who was the man _____ spoke to you just now?
A. who
B. whom
C. that
5. It is the best film ____ she has ever seen.
A. that
B. which
C. when
6. China is a country _____ has a long history.
A. who
B. which
C. where
7. The boy ___ I talked with just now is my best friend.
A. who
B. which
C. where
8. We know Jackie Chan ___ movies are very popular with the young.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
9. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
10. The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which
B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。
1. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
2. This is the book you want.
3. I once lived in a house window was broken.
4. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
5. The house _____we live in is very old.
6. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
7. I’m waiting for the woman w ith you talked just now.
8. The town in he lives is far from here.
9 This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.
10. This is the second school ________ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.
定语从句（二）---关系副词的用法
一．概述
定语从句中的关系副词是where ，when 和why，
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语
eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.
其中why 的用法比较固定，通常先行词必须是the reason，when 和where的用法要求有两点，第一，先行词分别表示时间和地点，第二，一定要在从句中作状语，否则即使先行词是指时间地点的也不能用when 和where。
二．关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
why=for which where=in/at which when=in/on/during which：
1. The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
翻译：
2. I don’t know the year when/in which he went to school.
翻译：
3. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
翻译：
三. 判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别：
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
Is this the museum ____you visited?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
1. That is the town ______ he was born.
A.which
B. where
C. when
D. why
2.Is this the factory__________he worked ten years ago?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one
3. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
4. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
5. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who
B. who's
C. which
D. whose
6. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. on which; when
7. This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which
B. with which
C. that
D. for which
8. The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
9. The house I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.
10. I don’t know the reason he looks unhappy today.
考点一：关系代词who,whom,whose的选择：
1.This is the man _____often helps you.
2.He is the student _______composition won the first prize.
3.Don’t get close to the house _____roof is under repair.
4.The person with _______I shook hands is my teacher.
考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：
1.①This is the market _____you can buy many things .
②This is the market _____sells all kinds of things.
2. (1) There’s one point _____we must insist on.
(2) She reached a point ____she was supposed to make decisions of her own.
3. (1) I didn’t believe the reason _____he explained to me.
(2) I didn’t believe the reason ____ he went there.
4. It’s a job ____ you are doing something serious but interesting.
It’s a job_______ I dislike
5. There was a time ____I hated to go to school.
非限制性定语从句
Revision
定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有:
__________(指物), ____________(既可指人又可指物), _______指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语), _________(指人，在定语从句中作宾语),_______(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:________(指时间), _________(指地点), _________(指原因)等。
用适合的关系代词或副词填空
1.I sat next to a girl __________ name was Dina.
2.Students _______ do not make good use of their time may fail their exams.
3.David was one of the most helpful students _________ we ever had.
4.We talk about poems and poets _______ we like .
5.Do you remember the day ______ we left you in charge?
6.Do you remember the day ________ we spent together?
7.I don't know the reason ________ the house is so dirty.
8.I don't believe the reason ________ he gave us.
9.We learn in a classroom ________ windows are broken .
10.Yueyang is the place __________ I was born .
非限制性定语从句定义
定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
Non-restrictive attributive clauses:
1. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
2. It’s the same in China—many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.
Example 1
1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.
Conclusion 1
当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用______定语从句
修饰。
This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
1. __________从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往
不明确。
2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明, 去掉它也_________ 影响主句的意思。
注意：
非限制性定语从句,不可that引导非限制性定语从句考点归纳：
as 和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。
Example:
1. As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.
众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是个教师, 这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。
3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。
1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and
that。
2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于__________,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。
as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。
Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____ came as a surprise.
2. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
3. __ is expected, the England team won the football match.
4. __ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.
5.The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that
B. it
C. as
D. what
II. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句
Example:
He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.
2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.
Conclusion 在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如all/ some/ one/ both/
neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的
定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用______ ，如先行词指物则
用_____引导从句。
1. The famous basketball star, ___ comes from America, will visit our school soon.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black,with _____ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost me a lot.
4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, _____ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
8. __ we all know, he is good at English.
改错
1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.
2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.
3. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman.
4. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.
选择
1.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.
A.most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that
2. The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
3. The Science Museum, ____we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's
tourist attractions.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
4.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
5.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.
A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them
6.We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why
B. when
C. to whom
D. on which
7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
8.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D.I think which is
9. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____personally I doubt very much.
A. it
B.that
C.when
D. which
10.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that
B.who
C. from whom
D. to whom
11.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.it
翻译
1.我的父母亲对我要求苛刻，这使得我对此很反感
2.我每天都读英语，这让我提高了成绩。
3.一些学生不尊重老师，这是一种不好的行为。
4.我们班里有60名同学，有6位来自长沙。
5.一些学生不吃早餐，这不利于身体健康。
6.我在岳阳县一中学习，那里的老师亲切而负责，学生们也很努力。
2013年各省市英语高考定语从句
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when
B. which
C. whose
D. where
2.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom
B. Who
C. what
D. which
4.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , ____ he remembers starting as
early as his childhood.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. when
5. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. Where
D. how
6. He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case
B. in that case
C. in what case
D. in whose case
7. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
8. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
9.______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It
B. That
C. What
D. As
10..Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ____ they live.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. where
11.We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
12.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house______ I would be staying.
A. what
B. when
C. where
D. which
13.”You can’t judge a book by its cover,”.
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
14. The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what
B. all of which
C. all of them
D. all of whom
15. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors
can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
16.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.
A them B. that C. which D. whom
17.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _____ made one of the Chinese
people’s long-held dreams come true.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. which
that关系代词用法-定语从句
that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下，一般用that。 一、that指代某物事时 1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如： 2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如： 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如： 4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如： 5. 先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。如： 6. 先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如： 注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the same…as….如： 7. 先行词为数词时。
8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句，为避免重复，第二个定语从句用that。如： 9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that。如。 10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如： 11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如： 二、that 指代某人时。 1. 泛指某人时。如： 2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复时。如： 3. 先行词前有the same时。如： 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如： 另外，that也可用作关系副词，表示时间、地点、原因和方式，在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时，可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如：
定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法
“介词+关系词”的用法 1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。 如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. →The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. →Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 注意： 1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用 介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
定语从句讲解关系代词的用法
Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作abl on degirl， agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词，又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.
定语从句之关系代词
定语从句I 关系代词 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。 先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。 一、关系代词的用法 1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语) 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语) 3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。(作定语) 4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语) The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)
定语从句关系代词和关系副词辨析
先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA? 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？ 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus. 他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 4) I have read the book in which you are interested. 我读了那本你感兴趣的书。 5) The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自日本。 6) This is the book which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那本书。 小结归纳 ●when 通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，如句1）； ●where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，如句2）； ●why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； ★当引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词+ 关系代词”，即： when / where 可转化为on / in / at等+ which， why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。 ★需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，如句1）、2）、3） ★另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词+ 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如句4）、5）；★但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如句6）。 **★关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 ★关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如： This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 （Where相当于in the house 做地点状语） This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 （which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语） I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （When相当于on the days 做时间状语，on the days “在这些日子”） I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子（Which指代the days 做spent的宾语） That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。 （Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语 That is the reason which was told by the boy. 那就是那个男孩说的原因。 （Which 指代the reason 做主语） 注意：★确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法： 看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that； 如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.
定语从句中关系代词的用法
定语从句中关系代词的用法 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰的词)之后。定语从句由关系词来引导，关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：1)引导定语从句；2)代替先行词；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。如：The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．句中which my uncle had just bought 是定语从句，修饰先行词the car；which是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the car，在定语从句中作宾语。 表一：关系代词的用法 表二：用which不用that的情况
表三：只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物) 表四：关于as引导的定语从句 2．有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时，却不用when／where而用that／which引导。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which)，否则可用where。 例如：I will remember the days that／which we spent together． 我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
This is the factory that／which you visited yesterday． 这就足你昨天参观的工厂。 3．way作先行词时，关系代词的使用： I don’t like the way(that／in which)he treats his parents． 我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。 4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同： The news that he told us is true．(定语从句) 他告诉我们的新闻是真的。 The news that our team has won is encouraging．(同位语从句) 我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。 That he has won the first prize surprised everybody．(主语从句) 他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。 My idea is that you shut the factory．(表语从句) 我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。 He said that he was going to leave．(宾语从句) 他说他打算离开这里。
定语从句之关系代词讲解(一)
Where there is a will, there is a way. -----有志者，事竟成 定语从句(一) 1.概念：在主从复合句中，修饰句中某一名词或代词，充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句， 叫做定语从句。 2.先行词：在总从复合句中，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。 3.关系代词：即连接主句与从句的词。 4.关系代词包括：that (即可指人也可指物), which (只指物), who (只指人，宾格whom 及所有格whose ) 5.主从复合句表现形式： e.g. I like the dress which (my mother bought for me). ( 我喜欢我妈妈给我买的那条裙子。) 先行词 主句 从句 6.关系代词的用法 ①连接主句语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在从句中做成份(如：做主语，宾语等) 7.关系代词在从句中做宾语及主语成分举例 e.g. (王叔叔就是我昨天拜访的那个男的) 中国是一个有着久远历史的国家。) 8.关系代词引导的定语从句（在从句中做成分） ⑴ which: 在从句中做主语，宾语。 ① 做主语：They planted the flowers which (didn't need much water). (他们种植了不需要太多水的花) ② 作宾语：I will never forget the days which (I spent （我将永远不会忘记我与你的家人度过的那几天） ⑵ who: 在从句中做主语，宾语。 ① 做主语：The teacher who ( （昨天去看我的那个老师是李先生。） ② 作宾语：The girl who/whom (I talked with (我刚才与之讲话的那个女孩将要去北京。) ⑶ whose: 在从句中做定语(主语可以是人，也可以是物)。 ① 作定语(先行词为人)： He is the boy whose (father is a doctor). (他就是那个他爸爸是医生的男孩) ② 作定语(先行词为物): I want to buy the house whose (window face south). (我想买那个窗户面向南方的房子) ⑷ that :可在从句中做主语，宾语(即可指人，也可指物)。 9.只用that 不用which 的情况。 ⑴被修饰的先行词为不定代词 ⑵先行词被极限词修饰 ⑶先行词被序数词修饰 ⑷先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰 ⑸先行词即有人又有物 ⑹主句是there be 句型
定语从句讲解关系代词的用法
Unit 1《school life 》 Grammar （1） 定语从句(Attributive Clause) Ⅰ 根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 Ⅱ 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词. 定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair 或a girl who has blonde hair 。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as 或关系副词when/ where/ why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1. You are the right man whom we are looking for. 2. I’ve spent all the money that was given by my parents. 3. I will never forget the day when I joined the party. 4. This is the factory where the machines are made. 前置定语 后置定语 my book a holiday of seven days a seven-day holiday something important a good holiday a country developing fast a toy factory a book written by Lu Xun a developing country a book to be published a developed country a book which was written by J.K. Rowling 1先行词（名词或代词） 2关系词 3关系词在从句中充当成分 relative pron. (as sub. ,obj. ,pred.) (that 指人或物 / which 指物 / who(m) 指人/ whose) This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling. relative adv. (as adverbial) (when / where / why) Ⅲ 定语从句的必备三要素
英语语法：定语从句 六个关系代词
英语语法：定语从句六个关系代词 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； 六个关系代词是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as ，注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。 which表物人用who,人物都有that顾； 先行词是物，关系代词用which，也能够用that;先行词是人，关系代词用who,也能够用that;先行词中既有人，又有物，关系代词只能用that。 例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。 解析：先行词mountain village是物，可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语，说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语，所以还能够省略。 例句 2）The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。 解析：先行词man表人，关系词能够用who/that/whom，因为定语从句中缺宾语，关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语，所以能够省略；另外，whom是专门用来做宾语用的，而who则仅仅在口语中才用。 例句 3）This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。
解析：先行词teacher是人，关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语，所以不能省略。 例句 4）He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。 解析：先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，关系代 词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语，所以又能够省略。 which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know; 这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。 例句1）He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：他似乎没抓住我的意思。 例句2）Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：液态水变为蒸汽。 who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里； 先行词是表示人的词，定语从句中如果缺主语，要用who做关系代词，如果缺宾语，正规场合下用whom, 口语中也能够用who。 例句 1）He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。
定语从句关系代词的特殊用法
定语从句关系代词的特殊用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, n one等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, som e, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of w hom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you? 3．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构
定语从句关系代词的具体用法
锐思教育学科教师辅导教案 辅导科目: 英语学员姓名：年级: 学科教师：韩海霞课时数：第次课 授课主题定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 1，复习定语从句的基本结构和关系词的用法 教学目标 2，掌握定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 授课日期及时段 教学内容 一，导入 复习上节课的学习的定语从句的基本内容，关系词的选择以及做题方法。 1，定语从句的基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句（关系代词一般位于定语从句的句首） 2，关系词可以分为关系副词和关系代词： 关系副词共有三个，在定语从句中作状语。when 表示时间，在定语从句作时间状语；where 表示地点，在从句中作地点状语；why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason 一词。 关系代词that 、which 、who 、whom 、whose 、as 的具体用法 人物主语宾语that √√√√ which ×√√√ who √×√√ whom √××√ whose 只能在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。As 用在一些特定的结构中，as you know 3，选用关系词的做题方法，一“找”，二“还”，三“替换”。 一“找”：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。 二“还”：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词） 三“替换”：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用
关系副词。（时间状语用when ，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why ） 练习： 1，【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day C my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 2，【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, B we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 3，【2013 山东】Finally he reached a lonely island C was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 二，关系词只能有that 的情况（关系副词不受以下规则影响） 考点一：先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时 1，He never reads anything is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2【，2010 全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else ’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点二：先行词是all, much ，l ittle, none 或先行词被all, much, little, no, any 修饰时 3，【2014 陕西】Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 4，You can take any seat is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 考点三：先行词被序数词的最高级以及the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时5，The most important thing D we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6，It’s the third time C late this month.
定语从句关系代词的用法
高中英语：定语从句关系代词的用法 摘要：定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由先行词决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用who , that , whom；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that , which；当 定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由先行词决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用who , that , whom；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that , which；当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that 。具体分诉如下： 1、关系代词who的用法：who“谁”，用来表示人，在定语从句中作主语。这里的who一般可以用that来替换。 【例1】Jack, there is someone in the office_____ would like to speak with you.（2008年福建省厦门市） A. who B. which C. whom 【研习】先行词是“someone”表示人，所填的关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以排除B和C选项。故选择A。这里的who可以用that来替换。 2、关系代词that的用法：that 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它可以表示人，也可以表示物。作主语表示人时，that和who一般可以互换；作宾语表示人时，that和whom一般可以互换；作主语、宾语表示物时，that 和which一般可以互换，而且都可以省略。 【例2】The scientist and his achievements________you told me about are admired by us all .（2008年广东梅州市） A. that B. which C. who D. whose 【研习】先行词是“the scientist and his achievements”，表示人和物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语只用that。故选择A。 【例3】The boy _______I talked with just now is my best friend . （2007年广西桂林市） A. which B. that C. whose D. where 【研习】先行词是“the boy”，表示人作宾语，答案A是物，答案C和D分别作定语和状语，故选择B。这里的that可以用whom来替换（可以省略）。 【例4】The book _______he bought yesterday is very interesting .（2007年河北省） A . 不填 B. why C. when D. what 【研习】先行词是“the book”，表示物，关系代词作定语从句的宾语；答案B和C作状语，D不能引导定语从句。故选择A。 3、关系代词which的用法：在高中英语中which的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它只可以代替物，可以作定语从句的主语或宾语，一般which可以由that来替换。 【例5】—Have you found the information about famous people ______ you can use for the report? —Not yet. I will search some on the Internet.（2007年江西省） A. which B. who C. what D. whom 【研习】先行词是“the information（about famous people 是后置定语，不要把people误认为是先行词）”，表示物, 关系代词应该作定语从句的宾语，而答案B一般只作主语，答案C 不可以引导定语从句,答案D代替人，故选择A。这里的宾语which可以用that来替换（可以省略）。 4、whom表示人，在定语从句中作宾语。但是在非正式英语中，有时常用who来代替whom。Whom直接跟在介词后时就不能用who来代替。 【例6】—Excuse me ,can I have a talk with your manager ? —Yes ? I’m just the man _______you are looking for .（2007年安徽芜湖市） A. whose B. what C. who D. which 【研习】先行词是“the man”，表示人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，答案A作定语，答案B不能引导定语从句，答案D不能代替人。故选择C。 【例7】He is the man with______ I just shook hands. A. who B. whom c. which D. whose 【研习】先行词是“the man”表示人，所填的关系词在定语从句中作with的宾语。故选B。
初中英语定语从句关系代词引导定语从句讲解练习及答案
定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句 一、考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1.every day & everyday every day“每天”，作时间状语。everyday是形容词，“每天的，日常的”。 eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天学一些日常英语。 He goes to bed late every day. 他每天睡觉很晚。 2. between & among between 常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间 among一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。 eg: Tom is between Ann and Mary. 汤姆在安和玛丽之间。 They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话 【固定搭配】to do / doing 在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词做宾语，但意思不同 1.forget to do 忘记做某事I’m sorry I forgot to post the letter. forget doing 做过某事忘了 I forgot telling him the news the other day. 2. stop to do 停下来做某事He stopped to talk to me when he saw me in the street yesterday. stop doing 停止做某事 Please stop talking loudly in the library. 3.try to do 尽力做某事I’ll try to get there before sunset. 我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。 try doing 试着做某事Why not try knocking at the back door? 为什么不试一试敲后门？ 4.regret to do 遗憾地将做某事 I regret to say that I can’t go with you. regret doing 后悔做过某事I regret missing such a good chance of practising my spoken English. 【关系代词引导的定语从句】 （一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
定语从句中关系代词确定方法
定语从句中关系代词确定方法 一、关系代词选定要诀定从要学好，删繁就简系首要，明确先行词，然后定关系词调； 指人主格用who，宾格whom好，事物用which，主/宾都可靠； 用that引定从，人/物均需要，非限制性定从句，切勿用that导； 关系词作宾语，常将其省略掉，若介词关系词，关系词切勿抛，无论人/事物，who/that均不导，指人必whom，事物which邀； as引定从，主句内容包，常含“正如”意，位置任意挑； which如此用，用时思量好，有时含“消极”味，主句之后到； such/ the same as，固定搭配好，特殊用法务牢记，勿用乱了套； whose作定语，人/物它全包，n. of whom/which，可与其对调。 先行本身系数词，不定代词指事物， 人与事物共先行，There be中指物词作主语， 关系词定从中作表语，问句避免疑问词重复， 另有序数词/最高级，every/ the very/ the only，
以及不定代词若干个，名词前把事物来修饰， 以上情况请记清，只能使用that引导定从句。 请在横线上添上恰当的关系词。 1. We need comrades _____________ can help us. 2. The man _____________ you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing. 3. This is a story about a communist fighter _____________ name或the name of _____________ is Liu Hu-lan. 4. This is our classroom，_____________ windows或the windows of _____________ face the south. 5. Here is a book _____________ will give a lot of useful knowledge. 6. This is the song _____________ we like best. 7. I will never forget the day，on _____________ I first saw him. 8. This is the room _____________ Lao Liu once lived in. 9. Do you still remember the day on _____________ he joined the army？ 10. The earth，_____________ we all know，moves around the sun. 11. _____________ is known to all，the earth is round.