Unit 1 education
Unit1EducationTextA研究生阶段核心英语课程课件
2023/12/23
Translation
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Paragraph 5
• translation
我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王 牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。我的小儿 子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑 筋却总能蒙混过关。直到施蒂夫特夫人当 了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
2023/12/23
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不实际的社会改良家
2 prior to n./doing
在…之前 e.g. I saw him prior to leaving. The duty to protect my sister is prior to all others.
2023/12/23
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Paragraph 4
3 impediment n. obstacle; barrier 妨碍，阻碍，障碍物 e.g. The new taxes were a major impediment to economic growth.
4 concentrate n.浓缩物 e.g. Mother sent Tom to buy the orange juice concentrate . v.专心于，集中（注意力），聚精会神 e.g. I can’t concentrate when I’m hungry. concentrate on集中精力于…
• Analysis: There are two compound sentences.（and连接的两个并列句） 1.I am your basic do-gooder. 2.Prior to teaching this class I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs , divorce and other impediments to concentration necessary for doing well in school
Unit-1-Education-is-a-key
The university, with
•
over 2,000 faculty and
nearly 30,000
students, represents
the 4th largest
private university in
the nation.
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Vocabulary
• commitment: 承诺，保证 • undertake: 承担
itch
why am i 6.______what's it for
must let my mask drop to the floor
my scars i shouldn't hide
from the people who are on my side
rolling up my sleeves to 7.______
learning throughout the
Middle Ages. It has
maintained an
outstanding reputation.
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Cambridge University
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• At Cambridge, England, one of the oldest English-
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Unit 1 Education Is a Key
• Part 1 Warming up • Part 2 Educational systems • Part 3 University life • Part 4 University campus
step-by-step-第一册-单元真正完整版(标准答案及原文)
step-by-step-第一册-单元真正完整版(答案及原文)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 1 Education is a keyPart IA1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1. 2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2. official / language3. One billion / 20 percent4. Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5. 500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6. Eighty percent / computers7. African country / same8. 1,000 / Africa9. spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types” –the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part IIA2Primary school entering age secondary school entering age permissible age toleave school Britain 5 11 16The U.S 6 junior high: 11 16Senior high: 14Australia 5 intermediate school: 11 16High school: 12/13Canada 6 about 13 16A31.GCSE examinations2.students / higher education3.student/ second year / high school / college4.general exam / School Certificate5.sitting University Entrance Examination6.bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or twodoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high schoo l around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They wil l stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local schoolboards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” whichis from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour”and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University LifeA1I.A.AgeD. Foreign student populationII.2..15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab)3. a. +100 b. Discussion group: 15-20 c. much smaller4. informal, friendly6. 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average stud ent entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared,but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2II. B. 2.Examinations 4.quizzesII.Graduate schoolC. SeminarsD. some area of interestE. a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance andmay even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himself----well what I wanted to ask really was… you’re a teacher, been teaching for many years now, erm, what would you say, how would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?---Erm, well, a good student is usually one who’s not afraid to make mistakes, I’d say.---Uh,huh.----And he’s, er, eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, erm,he immediately starts trying to use it.\---Yeah, all right.---And h e’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.---So he’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?---No. no, no. he, he plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say “OK I’ve done this chapter I know this,” without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.---Ahha, ahha.---He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll very rarely ask you why this and why not something else…---Just sort of accepts what you give him an d doesn’t do anything more with it.---That’s right and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.---Yeah.---And peep over at the er…at his neighbor’s paper.---Oh, yes, An alternative learning strategy.---Right, and he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.---Mm, right, yeah. Er, anything else?---Er…---That characterizes the good or bad learner?---Er, mm, the bad learner is, wait a minute er, the good learner is erm, well, I think he’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.---Mm hm.---He’ll read, he’ll read books.---Mm, so work outside the classroom as well as in it.---Yes, yeah---Yeah, yeah---Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University CampusA2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert MartinBiologynext fallsix years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometownscience (biology in particular), sportsMr. Rose: Good morning. Have a seat.Bob: Good morning. Thank you.Mr. Rose: I have your application here somewhere. Yes，here it is. Your name is Robert Martin，right?Bob: That's right，sir.Mr. Rose: And you hope to enter our university next fallBob: Yes，sir，if I can make it.Mr. Rose: Fine，Bob. I notice that you finished high school a year ago. Why didn't you enter college that year?Bob: Well，I have a sister in college now. And there's another one who'll be going next year. So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.Mr. Rose: Good. It sounds as if you're a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.Bob: Yes，sir. My first six years I went to a public school in my hometown. Then I went to a military school for two years.Mr. Rose: And came back to your hometown for high school.B ob: That's right，sir.Mr. Rose: I see. I don't find a transcript among your papers. Do you have one？Bob: I'm not sure I know what that is.Mr Rose: Oh，that's a list of your grades.B ob: Oh，yes. That's in the mail now.Mr Rose: All right. How were your gradesB ob: Well，pretty good，until my second year in high school. Then I guess I got a little too interested in sports. But I know I'll work hard in college.Mr Rose: What do you want to major insB ob: I want to major in biology. That was my best subject in high school. I'm really interested in it.Mr Rose: That sounds fine，Bob. Have you discussed this with your teachers and your parents？B ob: Oh，sure. My science teacher thinks that's just what I ought to go into. And my parents say I should make my own choice.Mr Rose: Did you have some math and other science courses in high schoolB ob: Everything they offered. And I did some extra work for my teacher too.Mr Rose: Well，Bob，you should get along all right here. But it's hard to keep up with both sports and studies.B ob: Yes，sir，I know.Mr Rose: Fine. I' 11 hold your application until we get the transcript. We’ve seen it we'll let you know. Probably in about two weeks.B ob: Thank you very much，sir.Mr Rose: By the way，what did your guidance counselor tell yourB ob: He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I know I do，too. I've been fascinated with science since I was a child.Mr Rose: An interest of that kind really signifies something. Well，good luck，Bob.B ob: Thank you，sir. Good-bye.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful peopleA16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 /5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the larg est desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001. The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.2. The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.4. Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.5. Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6. Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7. The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8. Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.9. The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.10. Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.11. The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part IIA1. A baby boy2. social/ ecological/ populations3. longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overni ght has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAWater 70% red or brown plant cover snow continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the。
(完整版)unit1education
Creative Ability
Exam-orientated Ability
What is eduation?
Eduation with life began. When we perceive personality has been established then the next instruction is hard to get moving and change it.
7.pursuit n. 追求，寻求
Eg: She devoted her life to the pursuit of pleasure. 她一生都在寻求享乐。
Phrase: in hot pursuit 紧追不舍 in pursuit of sth 追求某事物
Eg: The girl don’t love him , but he go with her in hot pursuit
4.spur v. 刺激，鼓舞
Eg: Financial crises can spur reform. 金融危机能够刺激改革。
Phrase：~sb/sth(on)(to sth/to do sth) Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed. 她的艰辛童年激励她取得成功。
passageA Adult education:How to stay motivated
vocabulary New words and phrases
1.downright adv. 绝对地
Eg: 1、It makes me downright angry. 这让我气愤之极。
2、 It is downright impossible. 这根本不可能。
Unit-one--Education-in-the-air-英语课件
e.g. We have to obey these rules even if we see
no reason for it. make good use of: 充分利用 e.g. Most of the students made good use of their spare time.
New words
New eபைடு நூலகம்pressions
See no reason for 认为某事毫无理由 e.g. Students see no reason for the rules made by the teacher.
Do well in: have a good performance at e.g. I did well in my math exam. Do badly in: have a bad performance at e.g. I did badly in my Chinese exam.
Discover v. 发现
e.g. Columbus discovered America. Discovery n.
New words
responsible. a. 有责任的； 负责任的 Usage: be/feel responsible for sb./sth. be responsible for doing sth. eg: All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. Responsibility: n. Usage: have / show a sense of responsibility take/assume/accept/bear full responsibility for the consequences
雅思阅读Unit1
UNIT 1 EducationEducati on over the past 100 yearsA The education of our young people is one of the most important aspects （方面）of anycom mun ity, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and un spoke n beliefs of society. These ideas cha nge as local customs and attitudes cha nge, and these cha nges are reflected in the curriculum [k?'rikj ?l ?m]（课程）,teachi ng and assessme nt [?'sesm? nt]（评价）methods and the expectati ons of how both stude nts and teachers should behave.B Teach ing in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very differe nt from today. Rules for teachersat the time in the USA covered both the teacher ' s duties andthektcon行为）out ofclass as well. Teacher at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous [ v?t?u?s]'（有道德的）and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor should they‘ keep company with men. ' They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye （染色）their hair. They were not allowed to loiter [ l?it?]（闲荡）dow ntow n in an ice cream store, and wome n were n ot allowed to go out in the eve nings uni ess to a school function, although men were allowed one evening a week to take their girlfrie nds out if they went to church regularly. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible, and they were give n a pay in crease of 25c （25 cen ts） a week after five years of work for the local school.C As well as this long list of ‘ dos'该做与不该做bn）：tesdhers had certain duties to perform each day .In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the childre n to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep （打扫）the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated [ stipjuletid]（规定）about the content of the teach ing, nor about assessme nt methods.D Teachers would have been expected to teach the three ‘ r-feading, writing and arithmetic [? r ri ®k]ri?算术），and to teach the children about Christianity [,kristi ?n ?ti]（基督教精神）’and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy [ lit ?r?si]'（读写能力）skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal[ k?rp?r?l] punishment （体罚）such as a stick or the strap [str?p]（皮条）on naughty or unruly children, and the children would have sat together in pairs in long rows in the classroom. They would have bee n expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copy ing long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums （算术题）.Farm ing childre n in country areas wouldhave had only a few years of schooli ng and would probably have left school at 12 or 14 years of age to join their pare nts in farm work.E Compare this with a country school in the USA today! If you visited today, you would see the children sitting in groups round large tables, or even on the floor. They would be working together on a range of different activities, and there would almost certainly be one or more computers in the classroom. Childre n no wadays are allowed and even expected to talk quietly to each other while they work, and they are also expected to ask their teachers questions and to actively en gage in （参力口finding out in formatio n for themselves, in stead of just liste ning to the teacher.F There are no rules of con duct for teachers out of the classroom, and they are not expected toperform caretaking (照顾学生)duties such as cleaning the classroom or making pens, but nevertheless(虽然如口此)their jobs are much harder than they were in the 1900s. Teachers today are expected to work hard on planningtheir lessons, to teach creatively and to stimulate [stimj?'let](激励)childre n ' s min ds, and there are strict proto((o条款)about assessme nt acrossthe whole of the USA. Corporal puni shme nt is illegal, and any teacher who hit a child would be dismissed (开除)in sta ntly. Ano ther big differe nee is that most state schools in wester n coun tries are secular [ sekj?l?](现世的),so religious teaching is not part of the curriculum.G These cha nges in educatio nal methods and ideas reflect cha nges in our society in gen eral. Childre n in wester n coun tries no wadays come from all part of the globe and they bring differe nt cultures, religi ons and beliefs to the classroom. It is no Ion ger con sidered acceptable or appropriate [ ?'pr?upri?t](合适的)for state schools to teach about religious beliefs. Ideas about the value and purpose of education have also changed and with the increasing sophistication [s?,fisti kei?n](复杂)of workplaces and life skills needed for a successful career, the curriculum has also expanded to try to prepare children for the challenges of a diverse [dai v?s](多种多样的) work ing com mun ity. It will be in terest ing to see how these cha nges con ti nue into the future as our society and culture grows and develops.4. _ Teach ing content in the past___ Teaching in the prese nt___ Rules for teachers in the past___ The importa nee of educati onal beliefs___ Chan ges in teach ing and in society___ Teachings duties in the past___ Rules for teachers in the prese ntD E B A G C F5. (1) ___ Stude nts as Classroom Researchers(2) ____ In creas ing Teacher Expectatio ns(3) ____ Teachers as School Clea ners(4) ____ Educatio n as Preparati on for Worki ng Life(5) ____ Teach ing as a Mirror of Societal Beliefs(6) ____ Expectati ons of Early Teachers(7) ____ A Basic CurriculumE F C G A B D(8) In the early 1900s wome n teachers were:A allowed to get married after five yearsB not allowed to read the Bible at schoolC allowed to go to school eventsD allowed to wear colorful dresses(9) In the early 1900s teachers did not have to :A sweep the floor and fill the coal bucketB ask the stude nts to do group workC teach read ing ,writ ing and arithmeticD teach about the Bible and Christia nity(10) In the early 1900s ,the childre n:A sat in order and were not allowed to speak in classB were not smacked if they were n aughtyC stayed at school un til they were at least 15D lear ned how to speak a foreig n Ian guage(11) Nowadays ,childre n:A must sit quietly and work by themselvesB have access to computersC may not ask the teacher questio nsD must do research after school ,not in school timeC B A B(12) Nowadays ,teachers :A must pla n their classes carefullyB have strict assessme nt pla ns to followC may smack n aughty childre nD teach childre n to thi nk for themselvesE in sist on sile nee in the classroomF may not smoke after work hoursG may not teach about religi on in state schoolsa b d gEducati onal ideas and methods gen erally ____ the way people think in any society .People 'attitudes to what is importa nt can in flue nee the expectatio ns of teachers' behavior in a community .For example , in the 1900' ,teachers had to _______________________________ according to a set of strictrules ,and there were many things they were not ________________ to do , such as drinkalcohol .Nowadays ,the __________ of teachers outside the classroom is not consideredimportant ,because ideas have changed. In the 1900s there was a list of caretaking _________ forteachers ,but nowadays this does not happen 」deas about discipline have also cha nged . puni shme nt was a com mon form of discipli ne in the past ,but this is _________________________________now.Reflect behave permitted con duct duties Corporal illegal(20) The writer ' main idea is that: dA educati on is very importa nt for young peopleB ideas about educati on cha nge all the timeC society cha nges as educati onal ideas cha ngeD educati onal ideas cha nge as our society cha nges6. ________ A . i s a key part of effective educ ati on ‘because stude nts and teachers n eed to know whatSeati ng arran geme ntshas bee n lear ned and un derstood .B. ______ The best schools have high _________ of the students' achievement」n theseschools ,stude nts ,teachers and pare nts share a similar ___ to the importa nee of hard work andstudy ,and all _____ of educati on are valued .C Changes in lifestyle ,such ans bigger houses and more car ownership , ________________ the developme nt of our economy .D In modern schools , _________ a ctivities such as free writing are encouraged ,and there is a____________ which offers a ______ of subject choices to meet the n eeds and in terests of each pupil .There is an in creas ing level of ____________ in the curriculum to meet the n eeds of the workplace .E Stude nts who _______ i n school activities gen erally do better tha n those who are notin terested .F In most schools ,smok ing is not ______ on the gro unds .G ________ skills such as readi ng and writi ng are an importa nt ____ f or success in life .H This IELTS readi ng book n eeds to in clude _______ readi ng passage which are similar tothose found in the read ing test . Writers n eed to ____ len gth ,topic and writi ng style .Assessme ntexpectati ons ,attitude ,aspectsreflectCreative ,diverse curriculum ,range ,sophisticati on .ParticipateLiteracy,basisAppropriate ,con sidercatio n importa nt aspect of societyIdeas cha nges as _______ cha ngesChan ges affect -curriculum ,teach ing and assessme nt-expectati ons of ____ and _______Rules for teachers in 1900s -duties and______Con duct -set a good _____ t o stude ntsExample : Wome n could not ___________Clothes rules: _____________Social life: ___________Reading: ____________Duties-had to ________________________Subject-readi ng , _______ , _________ , ________Pun ishme nt ______________________________Seati ng arran geme nts : pairs , seats in ______Teachi ng style: sit ____________________________Teachi ng style ____________________________Rules for teachers ____________________________May not teach religi onMay not _______ childre nEducati on in the 2000s is to help childre n with the ____ for worki ng life答案：societyTeachers stude ntsRules for teachers in 1900s con ductExampleSmoke ,dri nk alcohol ,get marriedLong dresses ,no bright colors ,no hair dyeon ly school related events ,no visit ing menThe Bible and good books onlyKeep the coal bucket full ,bring water for children ,sharpen pens ,sweep floor ,keep classroom tidy 1900s -teach ing -strict and in flexibleWriti ng ,arithmetic ,BibleCorporal -hit with stick or strapRowsQuietly ,copy from the board2000s - teach ing -looser and more flexibleGroupsCreative ,do research ,ask questi ons ,work togetherNo rules about con duct outside classroomSmack or hitSkills9.Word option 1 opti on 2 opti on 3 part ofspeech Virtuous strict well behaved tidy adj.Keep compa ny go out with talk tostart a bus in esswithv.Loiter talk to people eat food in public stay for a while v.Fun cti on use meet ing lesso n n.Stipulated required needed discussed v.(p.p.) Corporal army physical severe adj. Un ruly pretty badly behaved young adj. Protocols ideas nu mbers rules n(pl)Illegal sick aga inst the law n aughty adj Secular in cities not religious gover nment fundedadj。
Unit 1 Education
1. Bill es:
William H. ―Bill‖ Gates III is the co-founder, chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, the world’s largest and most profitable software company. And he is also the richest man in the world.
《实用综合教程（精编版）上》电子教案
Unit 1 Education
Background Information
Discussion
3. Vocational Education in Germany and The Dual System: Vocational education and embedded and widely respected The system offers qualifications in professions and flexibly adapts to of the labour market. training is deeply in German society. a broad spectrum of the changing needs
《实用综合教程（精编版）上》电子教案
Unit 1 Education
Background Information
Discussion
5. A joke about Bill Gates: A guy was in a bar at the Seattle Airport. He was waiting for an important business client that he wanted to impress. He looked around the room and to his great surprise, he saw Bill Gates sitting by the window. He went over to him and said, ―Excuse me, Mr. Gates, I’m a huge fan of yours. I wonder if you could do me a favor?‖ Bill Gates said, ―Maybe. What do you want me to do?‖ The man replied, ―In a few minutes, a very important client of mine will arrive. When she arrives, could you walk over to us and say hello to me? My name is George. If she thinks that you and I are good friends she’ll be really impressed.‖
(完整版)unit1education
Significance of education
I think the real value of education is a tool, let us become the tools we most want to be. Neither in order to obtain good results in the endless exams, and reassuring(使放心） parents to do your unlike the work and meet their expectations ,nor using a diploma to measure their own value. It is not only to acquire knowledge . Education should be directed to the world we really curious a good guide, let us explore the world appearance, so as to understand ourselves, know ourelves, like a sculpture tools, let us become we most want to be myself.
3、 It’s not just stupid—it’s downright dangerous. 这不止是愚蠢—简直是危险
Challenge .n . 挑战 艰巨任务 v.向..挑战
• Face a challenge • Schools must meet the challege of new the
--(English)shakespeare
通用学术英语Unit 1 Education critical thinking
Answer for reference
• Definitions are needed in all of the situations, so you need to tick all of them.
1.3 Reference:
• ❶ This is not a good definition. It is a circular definition using the term patriot to define patriotism.
Unit 1 Education
2020/09/23
Critical Thinking
• Watch and listen mini-lecture 1 and take notes for the following questions
• What is a definition? • Why is it important? • When is it necessary to give a definition? • How do you determine a good or poor
definition?
Task 1
Answer for reference
• ❶ A university (term) is a high-level educational institution (class) in which students study for degrees and academic research is done (differentia)
• Patriotism is the quality of vigorous support for one’s country.
外研社《新标准高职公共英语系列教材：实用综合教程(第二版)》第一册教案 Unit 1 Education
Unit 1 EducationObjectives1.Read what Bill Gates says about education;2.Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life;3.Learn something from an ancient Greek educator;4.Study different types of nouns;5.Write an introduction of yourself.Focuses1.Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life;2.Write an introduction of yourself.Outline1.Warm-up Discussion; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B and C)2.Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B)3.Active Words and V ocabulary Check; Grammar Tips4.Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercisesprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of theclass beforehand)6.Practical WritingProcedures:Classroom ActivitiesI. Warm-up discussionQuestion: Do you know anything about Bill Gates such as his life and his educational background?Hint1)birthday and birthplace: October 28, 1995; Seattle, Washington2)educational background: Harvard University (education not completed)3)career: chairmen and chief software architect of Microsoft, the word’s largest and most profitable software company.4)main events in his life:a.beginning programming computers at age 13;b.developing a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer in Harvard;c.founding Microsoft Corporation in 1975 at the age of 19II. Vocabulary in Text A1. education n.教育e.g. Children in poor areas receive free education.educate v.教育；教导educated adj.受教育的e.g. a well-educated maneducator n.教育家，教育者2. count v.派用场，点数e.g. 1) Every seconds counts.2) What counts more is whether you have tried your best.3) to count from 1 to 1004) Count these apples.3. advantage n.有利条件，好处；优点，优势e.g. This product has many advantages.advantageous adj.有利的，有益的，便利的e.g. It is highly advantageous to us.Phrase: take advantage of 很好的使用；利用e.g. take advantage of all educational opportunitiesAntonym: disadvantage n.不利；不利条件e.g. His bad health is a great disadvantage to him when he looks for work.4. lifetime n.一生，终生e.g. 1) a lifetime guarantee2)lifetime membership3) In my father’s lifetime there have been many changes in the village.5. part-time adj.& adv.兼职的（地）e.g. 1)a part-time job2)He works part-time.full-time adj.全职的e.g. a full-time housewife6. programmer n.程序师，编程员program v.编制程序e.g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of doing it manually(手工操作).7. discourage vt. 不鼓励；使泄气，使失去信心e.g. His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.discouraged adj. 泄气的，失去信心的discouraging adj.使人泄气的，使人失去信心的e.g. 1) If you meet difficulty in your study, don’t be discouraged.2) It is discouraging that I didn’t know how to solve the problem.Antonym: encourage vt.鼓励e.g. I encouraged her to work hard and to try to pass the examinations.courage n. 勇敢，勇气e.g. David showed great courage when he saved the child from the burning house.8. diploma n. 文凭，毕业证书e.g. a college diplomadiplomatic adj. 外交的，从事外交的e.g. Julia joined the diplomatic service after her graduation from university.9. project n.项目，课题e.g. 1) an impossible project2) The professor is directing a research project.Synonym: plan10. highly adv. 高度地；非常e.g. 1) a highly interesting story2) a highly paid jobPhrase: speak/ think highly of 赞扬，对…给予很高评价e.g. The leader speaks / thinks highly of our work.11. focus v.（使）集中；（使）聚焦e.g. 1) to focus (one’s mind) in work2) All eyes focused on the speaker.focus n.（兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点e.g. Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when heentered the office.12. range n. 范围e.g. You have a wide range of choices.range vi.在某范围内变化e.g. The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees.13. attend v.参加，出席e.g. attend schoolattend a lectureattendance n.出席，到场14. automatically adv.自动地e.g. the machine operates automatically.automatic adj.自动的e.g. We have an automatic washing machine.15. drop out of 退学，不参与，退出e.g. 1) He dropped out of school at the age of 10 because his family was too poor to afford thetuition.2) She decided to drop out of the competition because it was not fire.16. chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的良机，一生中唯一的机会e.g. It’s the chance of a lifetime. You will regret it the rest of your life if you don’t take it.17. try out 试验，考验e.g. She bought a cookbook and tried out a few new recipes.18. in short 简而言之，总之e.g. In short, you should study hard for a better future.Synonym: in brief/ to sum up/ all in all/ in conclusionIII. Language Points in Text A1.They want to know what to study, or whether it’s Ok to drop out of college since that’s what I did.what to study: This is a wh-word + infinitive structure used as the object, which can be changed into an object clause. Wh-word + infinitive structure can be used as a subject, an object, or an appositive clause(同位语从句)，for example:1)How to improve their English is often discussed among the students.2)We haven’t decided when to visit the place.3)You haven’t answered my question about where to get these books.it’s Ok to drop out of college: Here “it” is used as a formal subject, and the actual subject is the infinitive structure “to drop out of college”. The general pattern is “It is + adj. + (for/ of + sb.) to do sth.” More examples:1)It was very thoughtful of her to come to see me when I was ill.2)It’s easy for me to see through his trick.that’s what I did: “what I did” here is a predictive clause (表语从句)introduced by “what”. It is always structured in the form of “subject + be/ look/ remain/ seem + predictive clause” and can be introduced by such words as “that” (always omitted), and other wh-words, for example:1) It seems (that) it is going to rain.2) This is why I refused to attend the meeting.2. As I’ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the chance of a lifetime.As I’ve said before: This is a non-restrictive relative clause(非限制性关系从句) introduced by “as”(正如…的那样), which can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. More examples:1) As people expected, she was admitted to Beijing University.2) Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake, as I have learned from the newspaper. unless: is a conjunction for an adverbial clause of condition (条件状语从句), which equals “if…not…”(除非).e.g. I won’t leave unless the rain stops.3. In my company’s early years, we have a bright part-time programmer who planned to drop out of high school to work.planned to: intend to do sth.计划、打算做某事e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vocation.who planned to …work: a restrictive relative clause introduced by “who” since its antecedent is a person and serves as the subject in the clause. The relative pronoun “that” can be used here too. More examples:1) The young man who sits there quietly is my brother.2) I don’t like people that pry into others’ private business.4. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.look to sb./ sth.: to depend on sb. or sth. for help or advice 指望，依赖e.g. We look to you for support.5. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn many things and to do projects with others that teach you about team spirit.that teach you about team spirit: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by “that”, whose antecedent acts as the subject of the clause. Actually the relative clause introduced by “that” can be used to modify both the person or the thing, and the roll of “that” can be either the subject or the object.e.g. He was the only one that I knew there.I haven’t been to the place that you have mentioned.6. In high school there was a time when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had many interests.when …software: This is a relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “when”, which actsas the adverbial of time in the clause.e.g. 1) There was a time when I completely lost my self-confidence.2) I will never forget those days when we were together.7. For me, classroom is not the only place where you can learn.where you can learn: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “where”, which is used as the adverbial of place in the clause.e.g. 1) Do you still remember the restaurant where we had dinner last night?2) This is the place where he stayed his whole life.8. In short, it’s a real mistake not to take the chance to study a wide range of subjects and to learn to work with other people because education does count.it’s a real mistake not to take the chance: This is an example of a negative infinitive structure, where “not” is placed before an infinitive.e.g. 1) We are asked not to speak loudly in class.2) It is a good idea not to go out on such a rainy day.IV. Focus on Grammar名词(Noun )一、名词的概念表示人、事物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。
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2. “话题明”结构与“主语-谓语”结 构
• 赵元任先生在《汉语口语语法》（1986）一 书中指出：“在汉语里把主语、谓语当作话题 和说明来看待，比较合适。”。 • 汉语句子的“话题”与“说明”是从句子顺序 上说的。“话题”是说话人想要说明的对象， 总是放在句子开头处。如果语言环境或上下文 能暗示话题，也可能省略不提。“说明”部分 位于话题之后，对话题进行说明、解释或质疑。
• You’ll make it through whatever comes along. • 不管遇到什么困难，你最终都能克服。 • Nothing wastes more energy than worrying. • 没有比杞人忧天更消耗精力的了。
• Psychologist Professor Richard Wiseman claims that British men are some of the least romantic in the world following a study he conducted of 6,500 men and women all over the world. He found that they are less likely to pay compliments, be inspired to write love poetry or take their loved ones away for surprise holidays than their foreign counterparts, instead believing sexy lingerie and expensive gifts are the way to a woman's heart.
• "爱是恒久忍耐，又有恩慈；爱是不嫉妒， 爱是不自夸，不张狂，不作害羞的事，不求 自己的益处，不轻易发怒，不计算人的恶， 不喜欢不义，只喜欢真理；凡事包容，凡事 相信，凡事盼望，凡事忍耐；爱是永不止息。 "(《新约· 哥林多前书》第1 3章)|
• 基督教是"爱的宗教"，这就是使徒保罗 对爱的诠释。从古到今不知有多少人因 这段话而皈依基督教，可见"爱是无可比 的"。
Unit 1 education
汉英句子对比
1. 语义型句子和语法型句子
• 汉语句子为语义型或意合型，英语句子为语法型 或形合型。换言之，汉语句子的根据在语义，英 语句子的根据在语法。比较下例原言语及译文中 的标点使用： • • 正在热闹哄哄的时节，只见那后台里，又出来一位 姑娘，（。）年纪约十八九岁，装束与前一个毫无分 别，（。）瓜子脸儿，白净面皮，（。）相貌不过中人之 姿，（。）只觉得秀而不媚，清而不寒。（刘鹗《老残 游记》第二回）
• 英语句式正相反。英语的定语成分除单词 外，多数都置于中心词之后。多数英语状 语的正常位置也是置于主干成分之后，由 此形成了英语的右分支结构，句子多为前 短后长，有人将其形容为“孔雀尾”。例 如： • • 去年他为了完成一个项目在实验室用计算 机努力地干了十个月。 • He worked hard with a computer in the lab for ten months in order to complete a project last year.
• 心理学教授Richard在一项全球范围内的 6500人的调查发现，英国人和他们邻国人 相比缺乏浪漫细胞。其实，想要博得女性的 欢心，不必花太多钱。最重要的是真心实意。
• Enjoy reading books • To encourage your youngster's imagination, read to him every day. Books offer children the opportunity to visit other worlds and create new ones of their own. • For generations children have enjoyed reading the story of Peter Pan because Peter takes them on fascinating adventures.
• The longer one carries a problem, the heavier it gets. • 包袱背得越久，越沉重。
• 十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如 丘之好学也。 • In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honorable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. • 有教无类。 • In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.
• Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth. It bears all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends.
• "你们要进窄门，因为引到灭亡，那门是宽 的，路是大的，进去的人也多；引到永生， 那门是窄的，路是小的，找着的人也少。 "(《新约· 马太福音》第7章)
4. “左分支”结构与“右分支” 结构
• 中国人的思维模式基本上是首先考虑事 物的环境和外围因素，然后考虑具体事 物或中心事件。西方人的思维模式正相 反，首先考虑中心事物，然后才加上外 围因素。如图所示： •
3. “板块”式结构与“多枝共干”结构 • 由于汉语的“意合”特点，有些汉语句子的 内部成分常常一一罗列，呈现并排式结构， 外形上没主从之分，层面之间没有明显的逻 辑标记。有人形象地把这种句子称为“板块” 式结构，也有人称为“竹节”式结构。 • 英语句子的“主谓结构”为句子主干，其它 成分则通过各种连带附加关系附着在这条主 干上，犹如树枝与树干的关系。人们把英语 句子的这种结构称作“多枝共干”型。
• Develop social skills • As children play pretend, they explore relationships between family members, friends and learn more about how people interact. Playing doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Playing house, they learn more about how parents feel about their children. Imaginative play helps develop empathy for others. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate.
• Amidst the feverish bustling, there appeared on the stage a girl about eighteen or nineteen years old, dressed up just like the former. Her face was shaped like melon-seed. Her beauty was above the average woman-charming but not coquettish, and a clarity of complexion but not coldness.
下面是一些比较典型的汉语单句，比较其 英译文并找出汉英对应的句式来： • • • • • • • 1、鲁迅是绍兴人。[主语+动词谓语] Lu Xun was from Shaoxing. [SVC] 2、这个姑娘很漂亮。[主语+形容词谓语] That girl is very pretty. [SVC] 3、他打破了杯子。[主语+谓语+宾语] He broke the glass.[SVO] 4、天上挂着一轮明月。[主语(处所)+谓语+宾语（存现 句）] • A bright round moon hangs in the sky.[SVA]
英译汉：
参考译文
• 享受阅读
• 要想增加他的想象力，就要让他每天阅读。书 籍可以让孩子们有机会接触其他世界，并且创 造出属于他们自己的新天地。 • 一代一代的孩子都很喜欢阅读彼得· 潘的故事， 因为彼得将孩子们带入到一段迷人刺激的冒险 历程。
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汉译英：
锻炼社交能力 孩子们在玩过家家的时候，可以增进家庭成员和 朋友间的关系，还能掌握很多人际交往的技能。 比如扮演医生，他们可以体验医生是如何照顾病 人的。扮演家长，他们可以了解父母对孩子的情 感。 过家家的游戏可以增加孩子对他人的认同感。孩 子会更乐于公平竞争、分享以及合作。
• 当仁，不让于师。 • When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher. • 温故而知新，可以为师矣。 • If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.