初中定语从句详解及练习附答案

定语从句详解及练习附答案

第一部分:基础知识

（一）．定语从句概述

定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。

定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。

（二）．定语从句的引导词。

定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）和关系副词（when, where, why ），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。

（三）．关系代词

1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

This is the photo that I took in the country.

He is the singer that I met yesterday.

2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句

The film which we saw last night was moving.

3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。

The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.

The man who you just talked to is Tom.

4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。

That is the professor whom you want to know.

5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。

I know the boy whose parents are dead.

I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.

注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

（四）．关系副词

关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。

1.when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.

I’ll ne ver forget the day when (on which) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.

2.where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.

This is the school where (at which) I studied.

3.why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.

That’s the real reason why (for which) he was late.

第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法

(一)关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况:

1. 先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot ,

none , few 等不定代词时。

E.g.: My mother was so proud of all that I didn’t.

2. 先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等

修饰时。

e.g. This is the very book that I’m looking for.

3. 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。

e.g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen.

When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake.

4. the same 修饰先行词时, 定语从句要用that 或as引导, 但意义不同。

e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday. (表示相同但并非同一)

This is the same knife that I used yesterday. (表示就是那个)

6. There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导, 不用which 。

e.g. There’s a seat in the corner that is st ill free.

7. 句子前面出现了who , which 时, 后面的定语从句用that引导。

e.g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never

been seen before.

Who is the man that you were talking about just now?

8. 关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。

e.g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago.

Tom isn’t the man that he used to be

9. 先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。

e.g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last

Sunday?

(二) 关系代词指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。

1. 先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。

e.g. Those who are often late for school should be punished.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

2. 先行词为someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody),

everyone (everybody) 。

e.g. Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time.

3. 先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰, 定语

从句既可用that也可用who引导。

e.g. He is the first student who / that worked out the problem.

(三) 关系代词whose的用法：

1. whose 在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。

e.g. John is my best friend, whose father is a scientist.

The old man lived in the house whose window was broken.

The boss, in whose company my father worked, was very friendly to

the workers.

2. whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人）。

e.g. 1) the dictionary whose cover is missing is mine.

( 划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover )

2) They also invited Mr. Wang, whose car was stolen last Sunday.

( 划线部分可改为the car of whom 或of whom the car )

(四) which的特殊用法：

1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句, 有时不是修饰某个先行词, 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。

e.g. 1) In China, you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and

hands, which, however, is not the custom in western countries.

2）Helen often came late, which made the class teacher angry.

2 . which 有时可在定语从句中作定语, 含义上相当于指示代词this / that 。

e.g. 1) He stayed in England for 5 years, during which time he learned English well.

2) It may rain hard tomorrow, in which case I won’t go fishing.

注意：which的这种用法与whose 作定语不同。whose 表示“ 先行词的… ”。

e.g. They’re talking about a film, whose name I have forgotten.

3. 以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时, 可借关系代词which把介词前置。

e.g. 1) Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $ 1.87

with which to buy Jim a present.

2) Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live.

注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom 。

e.g. I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to

travel to England.

(五) 关系代词as的用法：

1. 引导限制性定语从句：

当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。

e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .

2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .

比较：He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) that every student respects him .

( 此句为such / so … that引导的结果状语从句)

3) . Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .

4) . He bought the same bike as I did last week .

区别that I did last week

2. 引导非限制性定语从句：

as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为“这一点，此事；正如” ，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于as we all know , as has been said above ，as is usual ，as is often the case ,

as everybody can see , as is known to us all等结构。

e.g. 1). He has passed the exam, as is a pleasure to us.

2). As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.

3). This experiment, as you had expected, succeeded at last.

3. 如前所述, which也可引导这种从句, 两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)

e.g. 1）. Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting .

2）. They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .

但在以下两种情况下有区别：

1). as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。

e.g. ____ is often the case, we have worked out the production

plan.

A. Which

B. When

C. What

D. As

2). 关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用which 。

e.g. His father died in a traffic accident, which made us greatly

surprised.

3）当which 在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句，只能用which

e.g. The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.

第四部分：关系副词的特殊用法

(一)关系副词when , where , why的用法：

1. 关系代词(which / that) 与关系副词(when, where, why) 的选取方法：

A)当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系

代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。

B)如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加

上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。

关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词+ which”。

e.g. 1) Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain

village?

Do you remember the day when (= on which) we visited the mountain village?

2) This is the factory which / that we visited last year.

This is the factory where (= in which) he worked last year.

3) We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming

late .

We don’t know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind .

2. 关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity ,

scene , stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason 这一个先行词。

e.g. 1) Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed .

2) Today we’ll disc uss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it properly .

3) There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in class .

3. when和where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。

e.g. 1). The naughty boy was hidden behind the door, from where he saw his mother

walking into the house .

（where 指代behind the door 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代the door ）

2) . They went to American three years ago ，since when they have lived there .

( when指代three years ago 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代three years =and since then)

(二) that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：

1 . way后面的定语从句常用that或in which引导, 但可省略。

e.g. I don’t like the way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents .

The way ( in which / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong .

注：如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which / that。

e.g. He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept .

2 . It is ( about , high ) time that … (正)是…… 的时候了。

that从句中常用一般过去时, that在口语中可省略。

e.g. It was high time that we stopped pollution .

It is time that you had lunch now .

比较：There was a time when ( during which ) we were short of oil .

3 . This is the first ( second ,… last ) time that … ( 从句中常用完成时态)

e.g. This is / will be the last time that I have come to China .

It was the first time that he had been invited to China .

第五部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题

(一) 关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。

1 . 先行词只有one of 修饰时, 从句谓语用复数。

e.g. He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan .

This is one of the best books that were written by the writer .

2 . one of 前有the , the only ，the very ，the first时, 从句谓语用单数。

e.g. Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth .

(二) 定语从句的隔离现象：

1 . 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。

e.g. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village .

Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ? ( around adv. 在周围)

The days are gone when we used foreign oil . (主句谓语较短, 隔开先行词与定语从句)

2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。

e.g. 1) He is the man who I think is fit for the job .

2) --- Is that the small town you often refer to ?

--- Right , just the one ______ you know I used to work for years .

A . that

B . which

C . where

D . what

(三) 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：

e.g. Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree .

Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow .

(四) 注意区别定语从句和其他从句：

1 . 区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)

e.g. After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre . (状语从句)

A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre . (定语从句)

2 . 区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。

e.g. 1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago . ( which 引导定语从句)

2) A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( what宾语从句)

A . what

B . which

C . that

D . where

3 . 区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。

e.g. The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位语从句)

The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定语从句) 同位语从句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。

定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

几个习题

1. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will always

treasure .

A . that

B . it

C . one

D . what

此时，one 是分句的先行词，同时one 是moment 的同位语

2. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes .

A . when

B . during which

C . since then

D . since

when

此时when 相当于in 1946 , 最简单的说法就是and since then , and since the / this that = which

定语从句易错分析

之所以在经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在定语从句练习题及配套参考答案共50题

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which

B. where

C. what

D. in which

2.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke

B. to who spoke

C. I spoke to

D. that I spoke

3. This is the hotel _______last month.

A. which they stayed

B. at that they stayed

C. where they stayed at

D. where they stayed

4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. on which

5. That is the day ______I'll never forget.

A. which

B. on which

C. in which

D. when

6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A. where

B. to which

C. which

D. in which

7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

A. where

B. that

C. which

D. there

8.This is one of the best films _______.

A. that have been shown this year

B. that have shown

C. that has been shown this year

D. that you talked

9.Can you lend me the book ___the other day?

A. about which you talked

B. which you talked

C. about that you talked

D. that you talked

10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

A. with which

B. in which

C. on which

D. by which

11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.

A. whom

B. who

C. which

D. that

12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.

A. to whom

B. on whom

C. with which

D. with whom

13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?

A. who

B. who's

C. which

D. whose

14.I'm interested in ______you have said.

A. all that

B. all what

C. that

D. which

15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. as

16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. as

17.He is good at English, ______we all know.

A. that

B. as

C. whom

D. what

18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.

A. I went with

B. with whom I went

C. with who I went

D.I went with him

19.I don't like ______ as you read.

A. the novels

B. the such novels

C. such novels

D. same novels

20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. what

21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

A. them

B. which

C. whom

D. who

23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who;/

B./; whom

C. whom;/

D./; who

24.I lost a book, _____I can't remember now.

A. whose title

B. its title

C. the title of it

D. the title of that

https://www.360docs.net/doc/942480113.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A. for which

B. for that

C. in which

D. what

26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day

______ we spent together.

A. when; which

B. which; when

C. what; that

D. on which; when

28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.

A. which

B. whose

C. what

D./

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.

A. in which

B. with which

C. that

D. for which

30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.

A. after which I have looked

B. which I have looked after

C. that I have looked after

D. I have looked after

31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.

A. why; that

B.that;why

C. for that;that

D.for which;what

32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.

A.that

B.which

C.for which

D.who

33.That is not the way ______I do it.

A./

B.which

C.for which

D.with which

34.I have two grammars, ___are of great use.

A. all of which

B. either of which

C. both of that

D. both of which

35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.

A. as was

B. which was

C. as were

D. which

36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, ___ was very kind of them.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. it

37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.

A. that

B. which

C. from that

D. from which

38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.

A. /

B. why

C. when

D. whose

40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.

A. that

B. which

C. it

D. though

41. --- Did you ask the guard ____ happened?

--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.

A. what; that

B. what; what

C. which; which

D. that; that

42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.

A. when; who

B. that; which

C. which; that

D. when; which

43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.

A. owns; are

B. owns; is

C. own; is

D. own; are

44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.

A. followed

B. following

C. to follow

D. that followed

45. Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn?

A. that

B. /

C. which

D. it

46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.

A. which; what

B. through which; what

C. through that; what

D. what; that

47. Is__ some German friends visited last week?

A. this school

B. this the school

C. this school one

D. this school where

48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.

A. as

B. that

C. what

D. who

49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.

A. none of them

B. neither of them

C. neither of which

D. none of which

50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.

A. are being

B. has been

C. had been

D. have been

参考答案及解析

1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom

I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

6．C. 解析同第5题。

7. A. 解析见第3题。

8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。

9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.

11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.

12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.

13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.

14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.

15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.

16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.

17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.

18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.

19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.

20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.

22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.

23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which

25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for "以……..而闻名".

26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.

27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。

29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.

30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.

31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why 和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。