雅思听力中的常见句型转换

雅思听力中的常见句型转换
雅思听力中的常见句型转换

雅思听力中的常见句型转换

大多数烤鸭都知道,在雅思听力考试中,经常会出现同义替换。相信“deadline”等于“time limit”这样的替换烤鸭们已经烂熟于心了。但值得注意的是,考生们常会犯的一个错误,就是误把“同义”替换理解成了“同义词”的替换。其实,同义词只是最基本的同义替换方式。本文重点将讨论雅思听力中出现的“同义句”替换--- 即句型转换问题。

所有同义替换都有一个共同的目的,就是增加考试难度以考察学生对英语语言的运用能力。雅思听力考试中常常出现的句型转换有三种方式:倒置,拆分以及求反。部分较难的题目中,甚至综合了几种不同的转换方式来出题。下面我们分别来看几个例子:

1. 倒置

倒置是指将句子中的成分颠倒,使得定位词在答案之后才出现。雅思听力考试中最常见的是主语和宾语的倒置。

例题:《剑桥雅思4》Test 1 Section 2 第12题

题目:

The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by 12 .................

who lived in the area.

录音原文:

At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here.

解析:

这是一道非常容易出错的题。题目里的was established与录音原文中的first built对应,metal industry与iron forge在这里又构成了词汇的同义替换。到这里已经难倒了一大片词汇较弱的考生。再加上一个句型转换:craftsmen 与iron forge录音原文里主语与宾语的位置与题目中的顺序颠倒,很容易出现“听到关键词的时候答案已经过了”的情况。

答案:craftsmen

题目难度系数:三颗星★★★☆☆

2. 拆分

拆分是指题目中的一个句子,录音原文分成两句或两句以上来说,使得关键词分散,增加了考生抓定位词的难度。拆分出现的原因不难理解:原文一长段内容所传达的信息,在题目中需要完整的体现在一个句子(或一个小项目)里。因此,句型拆分经常出现在需要对文章进行总结、概述的题型里,例如:填空题的大纲题型和摘要题型。

例题:《剑桥雅思5》Test 1 Section 3 第28题

题目:

A module takes 27 ................. and the work is very 28 .................

录音原文:

And each module lasts for one term, say, about twelve weeks at a time.

There are obvious advantages in this – the main one being that you can study in a much more intensive way, which suits some people much better. 解析:

一个简短的句子中,有两个计分空格需要填写。遇到这种题目一定要特别警惕。这样的题有两种出题方式:一种是录音原文也如同题目句一样精简,那么答案出现会非常紧凑,需要考生能在迅速地写下第一个词的同时,留神录音不放过第二个词;另一种是录音原文对题目句进行了拆分,这种情况下需要理解整个句子,并紧抓关键词。如这道例题,关键词是work工作量,并且句中以and连接,所以这个work指的是a module的work,即一个单元的工作量。而原文中的关键词a module早在27题前就出现了,并且答案句里也没有任何和work相关的提示词。如果对句意理解不到位,遇到这种句型拆分就会很容易失分。

答案:27题:one term 28题:intensive

题目难度系数:五颗星★★★★★

3. 求反

求反是指录音原文中并不直接讲出答案,而是提及与题目相反的内容。例如:题目中说到某事缺乏什么,而录音原文中则说某事什么方面需要提高;题目中说A与B不同之处在于A怎么样,而录音原文中则说B与A不同之处在于B不怎么样。这些时候就需要考生运用基本的逻辑判断--求反能力,找出答案。

例题:《剑桥雅思4》Test 2 Section 4 第35题

题目:

Reasons:

a) often more complex, and needing .................

b) less human interest than conventional crime

录音原文:

It’s often complex, whereas with conventional crime it’s usually possible to

follow what’s going on without specialist knowledge.

解析:

从上文及小节标题Reasons可以看出,该段内容讲的是Corporate crime 公司犯罪与Conventional crime传统犯罪不同的原因,是对两种犯罪的比较。题目说公司犯罪比传统犯罪更复杂,并且需要某种东西。但录音原文并未提到公司犯罪到底需要的是什么,而只说传统犯罪不需要专业知识。这里需要考生进行一个简单的逻辑取反,判断出“传统犯罪不需要的就是公司犯罪需要的”才能得出正确答案。

答案:specialist knowledge

题目难度系数:四颗星★★★★☆

4. 综合:《剑桥雅思5》Test 1 Section 4 第38题

综合类的句型转换为讲一种以上句型转换方式结合起来的考题。这类需要考生对几种句型转换方式都有深刻的理解。题目难度较高,一般只出现在雅思听力考试的Section 3或者Section 4。

题目:

A good way for women to develop their 38.................in dealing with

financial affairs would be to attend classes in 39.................

录音原文:

The research also suggests that women avoid dealing effectively with their economic situation because of a lack of confidence. The best way for them to overcome this is by getting themselves properly informed so they are less dependent on other people’s advice. A number of initiatives have been set up to help them do this. This college for example, is one of the

educational institutions which offers night classes in Money Management, and increasing numbers of women are enrolling on such courses.

解析:

这是一个由拆分和求反构成的综合句型转换。录音原文首先将题目中的一个句子进行拆分,成了一小段的内容。38题题目说女性需要develop发展什么,而录音原文中一开始并未提发展,只说缺乏什么,这里又构成了一个取反。虽然后面在录音原文中说道help them do this在这方面帮助她们(提高),与题目中的关键词develop发展稍有关联,但答案早在几句之前就出现了,如果不熟悉取反的句型变换方法,还是容易失分。

答案:38题: confidence 39题:Money Management

题目难度系数:五颗星★★★★★

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