自建小型化工英语语料库
基于自建小型语料库的石化类论文英文摘要对比分析
写发挥作用？
（ ３ ） 国 内外石化 类 期 刊论 文 中 ， 第 一 人称 代 词 使 用有何 差距 ？ （ ４ ） 国内外石 化类 期 刊 论文 中 ， 情 态 动 词使 用 有 何异 同 ？
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关键 词 ： 自建语 料库 ； 词簇 ； 情态动词 ； 人称代词
中图分类号 ： Ｈ ３ １ ４ 文献标志码 ： Ａ 文章编号 ： １ ０ ０ ８ — ２ ９ ３ Ｘ（ ２ ０ １ ５ ） ０ ８ — ０ ｌ １ ５ — ０ ６
（ １ ） 国内石 化类 期 刊论文 中， 有哪些 高频 词
ｏ ｒ ｇ对 国 内作 者 的 中文 摘 要 进行 字 词 频率 统 计 ． 从
笔 者 从石 油 化 工类 核 心 期 刊 中精 心 挑 选 了五
个期刊 ， 分别是《 石油化工》 《 石油炼制与化工》 《 石
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(完整版)化工常用英语词汇
化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照一、化工装置常用词汇一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheetTBA(技术评标） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase二、工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent还原剂 reducing agent有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point 沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a) 无水的 anhydrous(a)外观 appearance无色的 colorless(a)透明的 transparent(a)半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure)相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀 piston type valve旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class)突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerT型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC]快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X"视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表 list of nozzles地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure草图 sketch图例 legend符号 symbol件号 part n普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry。
化工专业英语复习资料.doc
fundamental principles 基本原理evaporation 蒸发black body 黑体empty space 真空区concentration 浓缩visible light 可见光radiation 辐射distillate 馅出液acetonitrile 己腊precipitation 沉淀cation阳离了hydroxide氢氧化物chromatography 层析recrystallization 重结晶sublimation 升华physisorption 物理吸附activated carbon 活性炭hydrophilic 亲水性heat exchanger 换热器fractionating column 精馅柱/塔volatilities 挥发性tray塔板supemate上清液azeotropic distillation 共沸蒸馅supersaturated 过饱利的silver chloride 氯化银ionic reaction 离子反应pharmaceutical 制约H勺batch operation 间歇操作Freeze-drying 冷冻干燥Separation process 分离过程crystallization 结晶Filtration 过滤homogeneous 均相的condensation 冷凝thennodynamics 热力学的liquefaction 液化copper 铜separation 分离laminar flow 湍流convection 对流conduction 传导phonon vibration 声了孑足动condensation 冷凝thermodynamics processes 热力学过程elastic impact 弹性碰撞thermal energy 热能buoyancy forces 浮力1.Heat conduction is directly analogous to diffusion of particles into a fluid, in the situation where there are no fluid currents. This type of heat diffusion differs from mass diffusion in behavior, only in as much as it can occur in solids, whereas mass diffusion is mostly limited to fluids.2.In steady state conduction, the amount of heat entering a section is equal to amount of heatcoming out. In this conduction, all the laws of direct current electrical conduction can be applied to “heat currents”. In such cases, it is possible to take "thermal resistances as the analog to electrical resistances. Temperature plays the role of voltage and heat transferred is the analog of electrical current.3.Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter. The transfer of energy could be primarily by elastic impact as in fluids or by free electron diffusion as predominant in metals or phonon vibration as predominant in insulators. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from atom to atom. Conduction is greater in solids, where atoms are in constant contact. In liquids (except liquid metals) and gases, the molecules are usually further apart, giving a lower chance of molecules colliding and passing on thermal energy.4、F ractional distillation is one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. Fractionating columns are widely used in the chemical process industries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. Such industries are the petroleum processing, petrochemical production, natunil gas processing, coal tar processing, brewing liquified air separation, and hydrocarbon solvents production and similar industries but it finds its widest application in petroleum refineries . In such refineries, the crude oil feedstock is a very complex multicomponent mixture that must be separated and yields of pure chemical compounds are not expected, only groups of compounds within a relatively small range of boiling points, also called fractions and that is the origin of the name fractional distillation or fractionation. It is often not worthwhile separating the components in these fractions any further based on product requirements and economics.5、H eat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler object (“object” in this sense designating a complex collection of particles which is capable of storing energy in many different ways). When an object or fluid is at a different temperature than its surroundings or another object, transfer of thennal energy, also known as heat transfer, or heat exchange, occurs in such a way that the body and the surroundings reach thennal equilibrium; this means that they are at the same temperature. Heat transfer always occurs from a higher- temperature object to a cooler-temperature one as described by the second law of thermodynamics. Where there is a temperature difference between objects in proximity, heat transfer between them can never be stopped; it can only be slowed.6、F ractionating columns help to separate the mixture by allowing the mixed vapors to cool, condense, and vaporize again in accordance with Raoult ' s law. With each condensationvaporization cycle, the vapors are enriched in a certain component. A larger surface area allows more cycles, improving separation. This is the rationale for a Vigreux fractionating column or a packedfractionating column. Spinning band distillation achieves the same outcome by using a rotating band within the column to force the rising vapors and descending condensate into close contact, achieving equilibrium more quickly.7、A fractionating column or fractionation column is an essential item used in the distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in their volatilities. Fractionating columns are used in small scale laboratory distillations as well as for large-scale industrial distillations.J8.The closed system design required for achieving and maintaining the low-pressure atmosphere inside the dryer also provides advantages for processing a hazardous material.Examples include toxic chemicals or solvents and explosive materials. The vacuum dryer safely contains and condenses the hazardous vapors from such substances without any threat to your workplace environment or outside atmosphere. With some hazardous materials, you can provide further protection by using inert gas to limit the oxygen level in the vacuum dryer.9.Crystallization is the (natural or artificial process of formation of solid crystals precipitating froma solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. Crystallization is also a chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs.10.Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through empty space. All objects with a temperature above absolute zero radiate energy at a rate equal to their emissivity multiplied by the rate at which energy would radiate from them if they were a black body. No medium is necessary for radiation to occur, for it is transferred through electromagnetic waves; radiation works even in and through a perfect vaccum. The energy from the Sun travels through the vacuum of space before warming the earth.11.Precipitation reactions can be used for making pigments, removing salts from water in water treatment, and in classical qualitative inorganic analysis. Precipitation is also useful to isolate the products of a reaction during workup. Ideally, the product of the reaction is insoluble in the reaction solvent. Thus, it precipitates as it is formed, preferably forming pure crystals. An example of this would be the synthesis of porphyrins(口 |、l林)in refluxing propionic acid. By cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, crystals of the porphyrin precipitate, and are collected by filtration.12.Here vacuum drying provides a unique advantage. By controlling atmospheric pressure, the vacuum dryer increases the effective A T for a given process. That is, vacuum drying simple reducesthe boiling point - or vaporization temperature - required for removing the liquid. By controlling pressure and the heat introduced to the dryer, you can significantly increase the effective △ T and thus dry the material faster than at normal atmosphere. For this reason, a vacuum dryer is especially suited to drying a heat-sensitive material that degrades above a given temperature and would otherwise require a lengthy drying cycle. Examples of such materials are vitamins, antibiotics, and many fine chemicals.13.Separation processes can essentially be termed as mass transfer processes. The classification can be based on the means of separation, mechanical or chemical. The choice of separation depends on the pros and cons of each. Mechanical separations are usually favored if possible due to the lower cost of the operations as compared to chemical separations. Systems that can not be separated by purely mechanical means (e.g. crude oil), chemical separation is the remaining solution. The mixture at hand could exist as a combination of any two or more states: solid-solid, solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas, solid-liquid-gas mixture, etc.14.An important stage of the precipitation process is the onset of nucleation. The creation of a hypothetical solid particle includes the formation of an interface, which requires some energy based on the relative surface energy of the solid and the solution. If this energy is not available, and no suitable nucleation surface is available, supersaturation occurs.15.In operation, the vessel rotates about the trunnions4 axis. The integrity of the seal around the stationary vacuum line - which extends through the trunnion and is angled upward into the drying chamber's top, above the material in the rotating vessel - is critical for maintaining the dryer's vacuum. During rotation, the material cascades inside the chamber, gently tumbling and folding to bring the material into contact with the heated walls. This action makes the dryer especially suitable for handling friable and fragile materials that can't withstand shear from agitation, such as polyethylene terephthalate (聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)pellets. The delumping (粉E卒I的) bar can be operated intermittently to break up undesired agglomerates.16.Similar to surface tension, adsorption is a consequence of surface energy. In a bulk material, all the bonding requirements (be they ionic, covalent, or metallic) of the constituent atoms of the material are filled by other atoms in the material. However, atoms on the surface of the adsorbent are not wholly surrounded by other adsorbent atoms and therefore can attract adsorbates. The exact nature of the bonding depends on the details of the species involved, but the adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak van der Waals forces) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding).17.At low driving temperatures, no boiling occurs and the heat transfer rate is controlled by theusmil single-phase mechanisms. As the surface temperature is increased, local boiling occurs and vapour bubbles (气泡)nucleation, grow into the surrounding cooler fluid, and collapse. This is sub-cooled nucleation boiling and is a very efficient heat transfer mechanism. At high bubble generation rates the bubbles begin to interefere (扰动/干扰)and the heat flux no longer increases rapidly with surface temperature (this is the departure from nucleate boiling DNB). At higher temperatures still, a maximum in the heat flux is reached (the critical heat flux).18.As a liquid mixture in the round bottomed flask is boiled, vapor rises up the fractionating column. The vapor condenses on the glass platforms (known as tray (塔板)or plates) inside the column, and runs back down into the liquid below and refluxes the upflowing distillate vapor. The hottest tray (塔板)is at the bottom of the column and the coolest tray is at the top. At steady state conditions, the vapor and liquid on each tray is at equilibrium. Only the most volatile of the vapors stays in gas form all the way to the top. The vapor at the top of the column then flows through the water-cooled condenser, which cools the vapor down until it condenses into a liquid distillate （偕出液）.The separation may be enhanced by the addition of more trays （to a practical limitation of heat, flow, etc.）19.Natural methods of precipitation include settling or sedimentation , where the solid forms over a period of time due to ambient forces like gravity or centrifugation. During chemical reactions, precipitation may also occur particularly if an insoluble substance is introduced into a solution and the density happens to be greater （otherwise the precipitate would float or form a suspension. With soluble substances, precipitation is accelerated once the solution becomes supersate rated. In solids, precipitation occurs if the concentration of one solid is above the solubility limit in the host solid, due to e.g. rapid quenching （淬火）or ion implantation, and the temperature is high enough that diffusion can lead to segregation （偏析）into precipitates. Precipitation in solids is routinely used to synthesize nanoclusters.20.Freeze-drying also causes less damage to the substance than other dehydration （脱水）methods using higher temperatures. Freeze-drying does not usually cause shrinkageor tougheningof the material being dried. In addition, flavors, smells and nutritional content generally remain unchanged, making the process popular for preserving food. However, water is not the only chemical capable of sublimation, and the loss of other volatile compounds such as acetic acid （vinegar） and alcohols （N宰）can yield undesirable results.。
(参考资料)化工专业英文词汇大全
化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇1一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheetTBA(技术评标） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a)无水的 anhydrous(a)外观 appearance无色的 colorless(a)透明的 transparent(a)半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure)相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers管道混合器 line mixers混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀 piston type valve旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class)突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerT型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC]快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X"视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表 list of nozzles地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure草图 sketch图例 legend符号 symbol件号 part n。
化工英语词汇范例
calcium 钙 calcium aluminate 铝酸钙 calcium antagonist 钙拮抗剂 calcium arsenate 砷酸钙 calcium arsenite 亚砷酸钙 calcium carbide 碳化钙 calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 calcium chlorate 氯酸钙 calcium chloride 氯化钙 calcium chloride tube 氯化钙管 calcium chromate 铬酸钙 calcium cyanamide 氰氨化钙 calcium cyanide 氰化钙 calcium fluoride 氟化钙 calcium hydride 氢化钙 calcium hydrosulfide 氢硫化钙 calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙 calcium iodide 碘化钙 calcium lactate 乳酸钙
dissociation 解离 dissolution 溶解 dissolved oxygen 溶解氧 dissolving power 溶解力 distance control 遥控 distearin 二硬脂精 distemper 水浆涂料 distillate 馏出物 distillation 蒸馏 distillation apparatus 蒸馏装置 distillation column 蒸馏塔 distillation curve 蒸馏曲线 distillation flask 蒸馏瓶 distillation loss 蒸馏损失 distillation still 蒸馏釜 distillation tower 蒸馏塔 distilled water 蒸馏水
化工英语词汇与句子
Translate sentences:
1.Start
very slowly feeding Butene from B.L. to D 711 through FV 01001 setting PIC 77001 in auto mode at ab. 0.15 MPag and open partially PSV 77001 bypass to BDL
separator分离器 Run idle空转 bypass旁路 alarm报警 reset 复位 setpoint设定值 trend趋势 clutch 离合器 Auxiliary drive 辅机 Main drive 主机 Discharge throttle节流阀 Start up valve开车阀 pelletizer切粒机
常见化工工艺英语词 汇及句子
VOCABULARY
Reaction 反应 Reactor 反应器 Copolymer[kəu‘pɔlimə]reactor 共聚反应器 Prepoly reactor 预聚合反应器 Drum 罐 TEAL storage drum 三乙基铝储罐 （TEAL --Triethyl aluminum） TEAL metering drum三乙基铝计量罐 Hydraulic oil surge drum 液压缓冲罐 Exhaust oil drum 废油罐
ethylene 乙烯 Ethylene feed 乙烯进料 propylene 丙烯 polypropylene 聚丙烯 polyethylene 聚乙烯 Hydrogen 氢气 Off gas 回收气 butene丁烯 hexene己烯 Low pressure steam低压蒸汽 High pressure steam高压蒸汽 catalyst 催化剂 cocatalyst 助催化剂
化工装置安装用英语词汇(现场安装和材料名称)
化工装置安装用英语词汇(现场安装和材料名称)1 管道组成件 (3)1.1 管子 (3)1.2 管件 (3)1.3 弯管 (4)1.4 法兰 (5)1.5 垫片 (6)1.6 阀门 (6)1.6.1 阀门结构、零件 (6)1.6.2 常用阀 (7)1.6.3 其它用途的阀 (9)1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀....................................................... . (10)1.7 管道特殊件 (10)1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件） (10)1.7.2 管道特殊元件 (11)1.8 端部连接 (12)2 管道用紧固件及螺纹 (12)2.1 紧固件 (12)2.2 螺纹 (13)3 材料、型钢及填料 (14)3.1 金属材料 (14)3.1.1 黑色金属 (14)3.1.2 镀层及制造方法 (15)3.1.3 有色金属 (15)3.1.4 材料性能 (15)3.2 非金属材料 (16)3.3 型材 (17)3.4 填料及填料函 (17)4 管道等级及材料统计 (18)4.1 管道材料规定 (18)4.2 材料统计 (18)5 设备布置及管道布置 (19)5.1 设备名称 (19)5.1.1 容器 (19)5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉 (21)5.1.3 转动机器 (21)5.1.4 贮运、装卸及起重机械 (22)5.2 辅助用房名称.................................................................................................................................22.5.2.1 生产用房 (22)5.2.2 生活用房 (22)5.3 图名 (23)5.4 厂房、站、单元 (23)5.5 设备布置 (23)5.6 管道布置 (24)5.7 图面标注 (25)5.8 相关专业的专业词汇 (26)5.8.1 工艺 (26)5.8.2 建筑、结构 (28)5.8.3 仪表 (29)5.8.4 电气 (30)5.8.5 设备 (30)5.8.6 水道 (31)6 管道支吊架 (32)6.1 管道零部件 (32)6.2 管支架型式 (33)6.3 标准及通用型支架 (33)6.4 管架安装 (34)7 应力计算 (34)8 隔热、隔声 (36)9 防腐、涂漆及腐蚀种类. (38)10 焊接 (39)10.1 焊接种类 (39)10.2 焊接形式 (39)10.3 焊接位置 (40)10.4 焊接缺陷 (40)10.5 其它 (40)11 热处理 (40)11.1 普通热处理 (40)11.2 表面热处理 (41)12 检验及试验 (41)12.1 检验 (41)12.2 试验 (41)13 设计阶段及管理 (42)14 询价、报价及采购 (44)14.1 询价、报价 (44)14.2 采购 (44)15 单位 (45)1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢 stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube直管 run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件 Fitting弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbowk半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形） double branch elbow三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通 cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通 reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer锻制异径管 reducing swage螺纹支管台 threadolet焊接支管台 weldolet承插支管台 sockolet弯头支管台 elbolet斜接支管台 latrolet镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet短管支管台 nipolet支管台，插入式支管台 boss管接头 coupling, full coupling半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头 union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing管帽 cap (C)堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形） cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形） offset bend90°弯管 quarter bend环形弯管 cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expan sion “U” bend斜接弯管 mitre bend三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管 corrugated bend圆度 roundness1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG）整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖 blind flange, blind孔板法兰 orifice flange异径法兰 reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环 welding-on collar突缘短节 stub end, lap翻边端 lapped pipe end松套板式法兰 loose plate flange压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing突面 raised face (RF)凸面 male face (MF)凹面 female face (FMF)榫面 tongue face槽面 groove face环连接面 ring joint face全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工 facing finish粗糙度 roughness光滑的 smooth齿形 serrated均方根 root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰 companion-flange螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式 type of gasket平垫片 flat gasket环形平垫片 flat ring gasket平金属垫片 flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环 inner ring外环，外定位环 outer ring波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭 yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆 stem内螺纹 inside screw (IS)阀轭套 yoke sleeve阀杆环 stem ring阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 seat ring整体（阀）座 integral seat堆焊（阀）座 deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件） trim阀盘 disc阀盘密封圈 disc seat阀体 body阀盖 bonnet阀盖衬套 bonnet bush螺纹阀帽 screw cap螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽） union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封 body stem seal石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal倒密封 back seal压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器 powered operator电动操纵器 electric motor operator气动操纵器 pneumatic operator液压操纵器 hydraulic operator快速操纵器 quick-acting operator滑动阀杆 sliding stem正齿轮传动 spur gear operated伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated扳手操作 wrench operated链轮 chain wheel手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的 cylinder operated链条操纵的 chain operated等径孔道 full bore; full port异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern紧凑型（小型） compact type笼式环 lantern ring压盖 gland阀杆填料 stem packing阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆） rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆） non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper注油器 grease injector可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板 split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板 solid wedge塞型闸阀 plug gate valve直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀 globe valve球心型阀盘 globe type disc塞型阀盘 plug type disc可转动的阀盘 swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve(4) 角阀 angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve装有底轴的 trunnion mounted耐火型 fire safe type浮动球型 floating ball type防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型） wafer type凸耳式 lug type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀 relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀） air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve盖阀 flat valve换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve自动排液阀 self-draining valve管道盲板阀 line-blind valve挤压阀 squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀 breather valve风门、挡板 damper减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀 control valve膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve执行机构 actuator背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阔 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve多通路阀 multiport valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀 forged valve铸造阀 cast valve（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀） bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve根部阀 root valve总管阀 header valve事故切断阀 emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤嚣 strainer过滤器 filter临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器 y-type strainerT型粗滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle取样冷却器 sample cooler消声器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint单波 single bellow双波 double bellow多波 multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头 hose connection (HC)快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles补强板 reinforcement pad特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel排液环 drip ring排液漏斗 drain funnel插板 blank垫环 spacer8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板 restriction orifice爆破片 rupture disk法兰盖贴面 protective disc费托立克接头 victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接 End Connection法兰端 flanged end坡口端 beveled end (BE)对焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end (PE)承插焊端 socket welding end螺纹端 threaded end (TE)承口 bell end焊接端 welding end法兰连接（接头） flanged joint对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint环垫接头 ring joint (RJ)万向接头 universal joint软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness法兰式的 flanged (FLGD)对焊的 butt welded (BW)螺纹的 threaded (THD)承插焊的 socket welded (SW)小端为平的 small end plain (SEP)大端为平的 large end plain (LEP)两端平 both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET)支管连接 branch connection焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckle U形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板） web翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.1.3 转动机器(1) 泵 pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵，旋转泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump真空泵 vacuum pump柱塞泵 plunger pump往复泵 reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand-pump, wobble pump锅炉给水泵 boiler feed water pump轴流泵 axial pump(2) 压缩机 compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 多级压缩机 multiple stages compressor 螺杆压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 循环压缩机 circulating compressor涡轮压缩机 turbo compressor冷冻机 refrigerator(3) 驱动机、发电机汽轮机，蒸汽透平 steam turbine燃气轮机 gas turbine电动机 motor发电机 generator(4) 风扇、鼓风机风机 fan鼓风机 blower罗茨鼓风机 roots blower(5)其它机器挤压机 extruder造粒机 pelletizer离心机 centrifuger离心分离机 centrifugal separator离心过滤机 centrifugal filter压滤机 pressure filter5 1 4 贮运、装卸及起重机械起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist手动葫芦，倒链 chain block装卸臂 loading arm料仓 silo, bin料斗 hopper输送机 conveyor皮带输送机 belt conveyor5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room 蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” iss ue) 用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” iss ue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井） sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反（的），对面（的） opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5 8 相关专业的专业词汇5 8 1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics 蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic。
化工专业英语单词集锦
Abatement消除Abbreviated:缩写Accumulating累加，积累Accurate procedure 精确的程序Acetic acid:醋酸Acid anhydride:酸酐Acidic catalyst：酸性催化剂Acidic:酸的Acquainted熟识的；知晓的；Adapter:接头Additively:附加地Adiponitrile：己二腈Adjacent:临近的Adjustment:调整Aldehyde: 醛Aldehyde：醛，醛类Aldo sugar：醛糖Aldohexose:己醛醣Aldopentose:戊醛糖Aldotetrose:丁醛糖Alertness:警戒，机敏Alkaline碱性的Alkaloids:生物碱Alkyl group:烷基Alkylation:烷化Allotropes:同素异形体Allylic bromide:丙烯基溴Alphabetically照字母顺序排列地Aluminium fluoride氟化铝Aluminium hydrofluoride氢氟化铝Amazed:使吃惊Ambiphilic：两亲的Amine：胺Ammonia：氨水Ammonia：氨Anhydrous：无水的Anti-tumor: 抗癌Apparatus装置，设备；仪器Appointment约定Aqueous layer水层Arsenic砷Atmospheric大气压Audience观众；听众；读者；接见Auxiliary辅助的；副的；附加的Axial-flow-packed-bed reactor轴向流固定床反应器Axially:轴向方向Azide: 叠氮化物Backer支持者；赞助人；援助者Backyard后院Basis：基Batch：批，批量Batch-flow间歇流Beaker烧杯Beaker烧杯Bellcore贝尔通信实验室Beneath在…下方Beverage饮料Beverage饮料Bioinorganic compound 生物无机化合物Bioreactor:生物反应器Biotechnology：生物技术Bizarre:奇怪的Blur:模糊Boiler firing configuration 锅炉燃烧配置Boiler furnace 锅炉燃烧室Boiling stone：沸石Bonded 结合的Bound约束Branched alkane:支链烷烃Brand new:全新的；崭新的Bromination溴化Bromine source溴源Build up增强Bulb洗耳球Bunsen-grove-battery本生葛洛夫电池Buret滴定管Burner 燃烧器Butyric acid:丙酸Cacao bean：可可豆Caffeine咖啡因Calculator计算器Capabilities：能力Capillary tube：毛细管Caprolactam:己内酰胺Captain队长，首领；船长；上尉；海军上校Carbon dioxide：干冰Carbonate碳酸盐Carbonhydrate:碳水化合物Carbonyl:羰基Catalytic催化Caustic soda 苛性钠Cell culture：细胞培养Cellulose：纤维素Central nervous system 中枢神经系统cGMP动态药品生产管理规范Chalcogenide硫属化物Chamber：室，膛；房间Charge 充电Chiral amine:手性胺Chiral:手性Chloride：氯化物Chlorination:氯化作用Chloroform氯仿Chromatography:色谱分析法Circulate：流通Circumvent回避，绕开Claim要求；声称；索赔；断言；值得Clamp：夹Clay crucible 粘土坩埚Clay-lined粘土内衬的Clumsy:笨拙的，不得当的Coal plant:火力发电厂Coil:线圈Cola nut：可乐坚果Column：柱Combined cycle复合循环Combined extract混合提取物Commercialized:商业化的Communities社区；团体，群体Comparable:可比较的Complex:复杂的Complex:络合物Compositional name化学成分名称Configuration配置，结构Conserve保护Constitutional构成的Continuously stirred tank reactor连续搅拌箱式反应器Contraction force:收缩力Conventional wisdom:传统智慧，传统观点；世俗认知Correspondence to ：一致Corundum:刚玉Counterpart:配对物Craftsman:工匠Crash out：析出；Criteria:标准Crosslinked enzyme crystal:交联酶晶体Crude:粗糙的Cryogenic temperature:制冷温度，低温度Cryolite:冰晶石Cryolite:冰晶石Culminate:到绝顶；达到高潮；达到顶点Cyanide氰化物cyclic alkane:环烷烃Cyclohexanone:环己酮Cyclone:旋风除尘器Cyclopropylamine=cyro+pro pylamine环丙胺Cyclopropylcarboxamide:环丙酰胺Cylindrica:圆柱形的Cylindrical:圆柱形的Decoration:装饰装潢Degussa:(Degussa)人名；(法)德居萨Dehydration：脱水Deionize vt.除去离子；消电离Deionized water:去离子水Derived from 来源于Desiccator:干燥器Designation: 表示Desulfarator 去硫反应器Devised 设计Dialkyl zinc二烃基锌Diazomethane重氮甲烷Dichloroformethane二氯甲烷Dichloromethane:二氯甲烷Discharge 放电Discharge-recharge-cycle放电充电循环Diselenide联硒化物Disposable pipet一次性移液管Disseminated:传播的Disulfide:二硫化物Disulphide 二硫化物Dithioketal二硫缩酮Diuretic利尿剂Dose剂量Dozen of很多个Drain：排干Drainage排水Drop-wise一滴一滴的Drowsiness睡意Dynamo发电机Education institution教育机构Efficient operatio运行高效Eelectrochemical Intercalation电化学嵌入Electrode电极Electrofilter 电除尘器Electrolysi:电解Electrolyte:电解液Electrolyte 电解液Electronic-miniaturization 小型电子化Electrophile:亲电子试剂Embarked:从事，着手Emphasis 重点End of pipe 结束于烟管Energy-conservation-measu re:能源节约手段Entrepreneur:企业家Envisage正视，面对；想像Enzymatic transformation：酶转化Enzyme酶Enzymatic酶的Epoxide环氧化物Equilibrium平衡Equivalence point平衡点Erlenmeyer flask锥形瓶Erythrose:赤藓糖Ester：脂Ethanol：乙醇Ether：乙醚Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Eventual最后的，结果的；Exceptionally异常地；特殊地；例外地Excimer：基态原子Exciplex laser:复合受激态激光器Exclusively唯一地；专有地；Exhilarating令人兴奋的Exothermic放热的Exothermic放热的Experimentalist实验者Extension clamp牵引夹External circuit 外部电路Extract 榨出物Extracted引出的Extraction脱出Faucet旋塞Feasibility可行性Fed-batch分批式Fermentation发酵Fervently热心地；热诚地Fiery炽热的Filter flask过滤烧瓶Filter funnel滤过漏斗Filtration:过滤Finger condenser指型冷凝管Finger cot：手套Firmly稳固地First ionization potential：第一电离电位Flask长颈瓶Flexibility柔性，弹性Flue烟道；暖气管Fluidized bed流化床Fluorinating reagent氟化剂Fluorine氟Fluorouracil氟尿嘧啶Focus焦点Formulae Formula的复数Fragile：脆的；易碎的Framework structure 架状结构Framework框架，骨架；Frozen argon冷冻的氩Fructose果糖Frying pan:煎锅;长柄平底锅Fuel-bound 与燃料结合的Full bore全通，最大量Full suction全力抽吸Functional moieties of phenolphthaleinFunnel漏斗urfuryl alcohol糠醇，呋喃甲醇Galactose:半乳糖Ganged syringe pump联合注射泵Gasifier 汽化炉Gel-coated凝胶镀膜的Gentle suction缓慢抽吸Germanide锗化物GermideGet rid of除去Gluconic acid葡萄糖酸Glucose葡萄糖fructose果糖Glucose葡萄糖Glycerin甘油Glycose单糖Glycosidic:糖苷的Glycosidic:糖苷的；配糖的Glycosyl glycoside配糖Glycosyl:糖基Gravimetric energy density 质量比能量，能量密度Gravity filtration重力过滤Grayish浅灰色的Ground研磨（grind的过去分词）Guarantee确保Gypsum石膏halogens 卤素Hand cast手工铸造Helical teflon螺旋状特氟龙Helium氦Helsinki赫尔辛基（芬兰首都）Hemiacetal半缩醛Heteroatom杂质原子Heterocycle杂环化合物Hexagonal六角的Hexane正己烷Hofmann霍夫曼Holder持有者，拥有者Hot water bath水浴（热）hue色调，色彩Hurdle障碍Hybrid混合的，杂化的Hydrate水合物Hydrocarbon碳氢化合物Hydrochloric-acid盐酸Hydrochloric acid盐酸Hydroelectricity水电Hydrogen peroxide过氧化氢Hydrogenase enzyme氢化酶Hydrogenation:氢化作用Hydrolysis:水解作用Hydrolytic-kinetic Resolution水解动力学拆分Hydrolytic:水解作用的Hydrolyze: 水解Hypothesize:假定Immediate立即的，直接的Immobilized固定化的Immobilized catalysts固载化催化剂Impart给予，告知Impeccable无瑕疵的，没有缺点的Implantable可植入的Impose 加强，强加Incorporate合并，混合Incorporating合并的Increment增量Increment增量Indicator指示剂Industrial scale 工业规模Industrialist实业家；工业家Ingredient原料，要素，组成部分Injection 注射Inlet入口Insertion插入；嵌入；插入物Insomnia失眠Instantly 立刻Instant瞬间的Intercalation compound夹层化合物，嵌入化合物Interior内部的Intermediate中间物，媒介Internal configuration内部构型International-initiative国际倡议Intimate mixing均匀混合Intriguing有趣的，吸引人的Inventor发明家；发明人；创造者Iodide碘化物bromide溴化物Iosdine碘Irreversible不可逆的Isobutane异丁烷Isocyanate异氰酸盐Isomer同分异构体Isomerization异构化Italicise用Jerk猝然一动[颤动]Junior年少者，晚辈；地位较低者；大学三年级学生Keto sugar酮糖Ketoester酮酯Ketohexose:已酮糖Ketone: 酮Ketones and aldehydes酮类和醛类Krypton氪Kyoto protocol京都议定书Label标记Lactose乳糖Latex tubing乳胶管latticework格子Launch开始；下水；起飞；发射；Launch发起Legacy遗迹Legislation立法；法律Ligand配合基Lighting rod system避雷针Lime石灰Line内衬Linger徘徊，逗留Linkage结合Lipid脂类Log记录；Lubricant润滑剂Lustrous有光泽的Lustrous有光泽的；光辉的Magnesium chloride melt 氯化镁熔融物Malformation畸形Maltose麦芽糖Manganese锰Mannose甘露糖Margin空白Materialized使物质化，使具体化Matrix基质Medical therapy医药治疗Membrane薄膜Membrane薄膜memorable experiment纪念意义的实验Meniscus弯液面Mentor指导者Mercury bulb:水银球Mercury 水银Merging合并；归并Metabolite代谢物Metallurgical冶金的Metastable亚稳的，介稳的methanol甲醇Methanol甲醇Methlxanthines甲基黄嘌呤碱Methyl tert-butyl ether:甲基叔丁醚Meticulous一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的Microburner微焰灯Microlithography显微光刻法Microporous多微孔的Microreactor微反应器Microreactor微型反应器Microscopic微观的Microseparator微型分离器Microtechnology微加工技术Milliliter毫升Miniaturized小型化Minireactor 微型反应器Miscible易混溶的Mitigate使缓和，使减轻Modicum少量，一点点Monochromatic 单色的Monocyclic单环的Monosaccharide单糖Monosaccharride residue单糖残基Monosaccharride residue单糖残基Monument纪念碑Mount安装Nanofiltration纳米过滤Naphthalene卫生球Narrow-bore tube小直径管Near ultraviolet近紫外Neat condition洁净的条件下Neon氖Neoprene adapter氯丁橡胶转接器Neutralization中和Neutralize中和(动词) Nickname绰号Nitration硝化Nitric oxide氧化一氮Nitrile腈，腈类Nitrous acid亚硝酸nitric acid硝酸Nitrous oxide一氧化二氮Nobel Laureate诺贝尔奖获得者Nomenclature命名法Nonrusting不生锈的Non-solvent非溶剂Nucleic acid核酸Nucleophile亲核试剂Oberlin university奥伯林大学Olefin烯烃Oligome r低聚物Oligomer低聚物Oligonucleotide寡核苷酸Oligosaccharide寡糖Oligosaccharide寡糖On a 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ca易拉罐Portable便携的Portion一部分Post-treatment 后处理Potential潜能；可能性；[电] 电势Pound [paʊnd]磅precede先于Precedence优先Precision engineering精密工程Preclude排除precursor先驱Preferably较好Pregnant怀孕Pressurized增压；密封；Prior先前，在此之前Priority优先；优先权；[数] 优先次序Prismatic棱柱的Proceeding进行；程序；诉讼；事项Process control过程控制Process stream工艺物料流Processing流程，处理Pronounced显著的Propane丙烷Propensity倾向Propionic acid 丙酸Propylamine丙胺proximity接近Public awarenes公众意识Pulse脉冲Pulverized fuel station 煤粉电站Pulverized-coal煤粉Purification提纯；Purified使纯净；Purine嘌呤Purple紫色的pursue从事，进行Pyramid金字塔；角锥体Pyrimidine嘧啶Quantitative定量Quantum量子论Rack支架Radially放射状的Radical自由基Radical induced telomerization自由基诱导的调聚反应Radical initiator自由基引发剂Radon氡Raising capital融资Reaction pot反应罐Reagent试剂Recall回想Rechargeable可充电的Rechargeable可再充电的Recipient接受者recirculating再循环Recognition承认；赞誉Recommendation推荐Recrystallization再结晶；Reductive dimerization Acrylonitrile：还原二聚丙烯腈Regulation管理规则；校准Relaxant弛缓药Relentlessly坚韧地；不懈地；百折不挠地Remaining solvent剩下的试剂Replated错误Repulsive排斥的Residence time停留时间Residue残渣Resin-mediated epimerization树脂介导的差向异构化Resourceful足智多谋的Respiratory system呼吸系统Restlessness心神不定Reversible可逆的Rhodium铑Ribose核糖Ribos核糖Ribose核糖Ring clamp环形夹子Ring Stand环形架Rinse with漂洗Rubber ring橡胶圈rubber tubing橡胶管rusting 生锈的Nonrusting:不锈的; 防锈的Schematic示意的Scheme计划Scheme计划Scratch paper便签纸Scratch刮Scrub净化Scrubbed精制的，纯净的Scrubber洗涤器Scrubbing洗涤Seal密封Sec-phenethyl acetate；乙酸苯乙酯Seed：在这里是“晶核”的意思Selenaphenol:苯硒酚selenenyl halide卤化氢硒selenium equivalent of ehters and thioethers硒当量的酯和硫酯Selenol: 硒醇Selenone硒砜Selenoxide硒亚砜Semi-continuous半连续Semiprecious次珍贵的；准宝石的Senior上司；较年长者；毕业班学生Separator分离器Separatory funnel；分液漏斗Setup装置Side reaction副反应Side-arm filter flask侧壁过滤瓶Silane硅烷Silica gel硅胶Silicone oil硅油Siloxane硅氧烷Silvery globule银色的球状体Simulated moving bed chromatography模拟移动床色谱Sink洗涤槽Slurry浆体,悬浮液Sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠Sorbent吸附剂Sorbitol山梨醇Spark off激发Spatula药匙Specify指定；详细说明Spectroscopic光谱学的Split second一刹那，极快Split分裂Spontaneous自发的Spray喷雾Standardization标准化Standardized标准的Staple订书钉State of the art现有技术Static mixer静态混合器Steam superheater蒸汽过热器Steam蒸汽Stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomer立体异构体Stick棍Stimulant兴奋剂Stirred bed reactor搅动床反应器Stoichiometric化学计量的Stoichiometry化学计量法Stopcock活塞，开关Stopper塞住Strength强度Stringent严厉的；迫切的Structurally在结构上Sublimation升华Sublime升华Substantially大幅度地Substituent取代基Substitutively代替地Subunit子单元Sucrose 蔗糖Sugar糖Suite（一套）家具;套房; sulfate硫酸盐Sulfone砜Sulfur硫Supercritical临界的Supercritical超临界的Supersaturate过饱和Supersaturated过饱和的；Suspension悬浮液Sustaining持续的Swell增强Swirl真空Swirl旋转Swollen肿胀的Systematic nomenclature:系统命名法Tabulated制成表的Tangential ultrafiltration切向超滤Tannin鞣酸Tearing撕裂，撕开Terminology用词，命名法Test tube试管Tetrafluoroethylene四氟乙烯Tetrose 四糖Thermodynamic热力学的Thermometer温度计thiele tube熔点测定管Thiol硫醇Thiophenol苯硫酚Threose苏阿糖Thrill兴奋Throughput生产量tip off因倾斜而使得掉下来Titrant滴定剂Titrated substance 被滴定的物质Tonnage吨Torch火把Transition-metal过渡金属translucent透明的，半透明的Transportation运输Trap套子Tremor震颤Trial试验；审讯；努力；磨炼Trivial name惯用名Tubing管子Turbine涡轮；涡轮Ultra超级Ultraviolet紫外的；紫外线的Unacceptable yield不能接受的生产Uneven不均匀的Unit operation单元操作Uracil尿嘧啶Uranium铀Vacuum真空Variable可变的，变量的Variant变体；转化Versatility多功能性；多才多艺；用途广泛Vessel容器，器皿Viable可行的Vide infra参见下文Vision远景Visual视觉的visually视觉上Volatile挥发性Volatility挥发性Volatilized挥发的Volumetric测定体积的Walk-in hood：Waste container垃圾桶Watch glass载玻片Winding缠绕Withdrawn撤出Woodshed柴房Workup激发wurtzite纤锌Xanthine黄嘌呤Xenon氙Xylose木糖Zincblende闪锌矿。
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doi：10.3969/j.issn.1004-275X.2019.09.075自建小型化工英语语料库杜燕航，田文杰（空军工程大学，陕西西安710038）摘要：对自建小型化工英语语料库进行了阐述，希望对相关研究人员提供参考，促进涉外化工行业中翻译工作的开展。
关键词：自建；化工英语；语料库中图分类号：H315.9文献标志码：A文章编号：1004-275X（2019）09-187-03Self-built Small Chemical English CorpusDu Yanhang，Ttian Wenjie（Air Force Engineering University,Xi’an710038）Abstract:This thesis elaborates on the construction of a small chemical English corpus,hoping to provide reference for relevant researchers and promote the translation in the exchange between Chinese and foreign chemical enterprises.Key words:Establishment；Chemical English；Corpus随着经济全球化的高速发展，世界各国间的经济往来日益频繁，在这些交往过程中，高效率、高质量的翻译，已经成为直接影响交流速度和效果的重要因素。
离开了好的翻译，不仅可能造成经济损失，严重的甚至可能引发国际争端。
大量的翻译需求在为译员提供了更多的就业机会和展示才华的舞台的同时，也对译员的能力和译文的质量提出了更高的要求。
在多语言并存的背景下，传统的人工翻译已经难以适应数量巨大的翻译需求，而语料库由于其自身独有的优势，成为了人工翻译的重要补充，甚至在有些情况下，如术语和缩略语的翻译方面，可以完全替代人工翻译。
本论文把自建小型化工语料库作为研究对象，对研究现状、研究方法和研究意义进行了阐述和说明。
1研究现状1.1语料库在国外的发展1961年，全球第一个机读语料库（Brown Corpus）在美国布朗大学诞生。
其后，随着计算机技术的发展，已经发展为各种不同类型的第二代语料库。
语料库一般可分为平行语料库（parallel corpora）、多语语料库（multilingual corpus）、可比语料库（comparable corpus）。
目前在翻译实践中应用较多的是平行语料库。
这种语料库中含由于有大量专业准确的双语术语和句子，为翻译实践、翻译教学、翻译语言研究提供了良好的基础。
但是目前，对化工英语这种专门用途的平行语料库的研究开展较少。
1.2语料库在国内的使用目前，国内先后建立了多个应用于不同领域的专业语料库。
语料库技术在教学、字典编撰、辅助译员翻译等方面都得到了广泛的应用。
通过语料库的使用，译员可以不用花费大量时间去熟悉记忆相关领域的术语，而是将更多的精力放在提高译文质量上，实际翻译中的效率就会大大提高。
可以说，语料库具有很强的现实意义广阔的发展前景。
译员根据自己的实际需要，在不单纯追求语料范围和大小的情况下，自建目的明确的小型专门语料库既是必要的也是可行的。
2研究方法2.1语料的搜集和普通英语相比，化工英语具有专业性强、术语繁多、缩略语使用广泛等特点。
在化工英语知识的学习中，优秀的中英文对照教材非常重187--（下转第194页）要，从目前来看，几乎没有相关的教材。
大多数情况下，译者只能通过工作中多看方案、图纸、合同等掌握化工英语知识，而这些资料鲜有中英文对照版本。
搜集双语语料必然涉及到语料的代表性问题，即所搜集的语料在所选定的研究范围内是否具有可靠的代表性。
本论文以上海交通大学出版的《英汉双向：精细化工英语词典》为例进行研究，该词典收词约40000余条，收录范围为近4年精细化工相关领域的近百种中文核心期刊和50余种英文期刊，在基本精细化工词汇的基础上，最大可能地收录最新的、有代表性的词汇，比较全面地反映国内外精细化工领域的最新发展，译文准确，具有一定的权威性。
2.2语料的对齐在进行语料对齐之前，可以先从网络获取语料的电子版。
例如，本论文使用的《英汉双向：精细化工英语词典》电子版，可从如下网址获得：https:///html/2018/0305/155938131.shtm 。
下载得到“英汉双向精细化工词典_12427279.pdf ”后，可使用迅捷pdf 转换器将文件内容转换为中英双语对照的word 格式的电文档，作为语料库的来源。
进行对齐之前，译员应选择适合个人或单位使用特点的对齐工具。
近年来，国内外先后研制了多款优秀的语料库对齐工具。
包括俄罗斯的ABBYY Aligner ，德国的SDL Trados Studio ，法国的D éj àVu ，国产的“雪人CAT ”和Transmate 单机版等。
从目前实际应用的效果来看，法国Atril 公司推出的D éj àVu X3对齐工具最值得推荐译员个人使用。
该软件除了界面友好、操作简便外，还具备其他CAT 软件无法实现的某些特殊功能。
例如，建立翻译记忆库、手动添加术语、制作项目专用词典、利用独特的隐藏选项处理功能可实现逐段对照双语译文导出等。
2.3语料库的建立和检索通过翻译记忆库和术语库的建立，即完成了语料库的建设。
之后，译员就可以使用D éj àVu X3进行翻译和检索，也可以将术语表导出后用专门的检索工具进行检索。
单独的检索工具推荐使用本地语料检索应用工具AntConc 。
AntConc 是一款免费的单语语料库分析研究工具。
2002年由Laurence Anthony 开发。
适合处理体量较小的文件。
具有索引工具（concordance ）、“索引定位”(Concordance Plot)、“文件查看”（File View ）、“词丛”（Clusters ）/“N 元模式”（N-Gram ）、搭配（Collocates ）、词单（Word List ）、关键词单（Keyword List ）等功能。
每个工具都可以点击工具窗口上各自的选项卡或者使用功能键F1至F7打开。
通过语料库的使用和对术语的检索，可以大大的帮助译员进行翻译或者术语学习。
3研究意义3.1有助于译员破解翻译困境化工工程项目从策划、评估、决策、设计、施工到竣工验收过程中，涉及多个专业。
单凭语言知识无法胜任多达十几个的化工工程项目的翻译工作。
译员常会感到，遇到的词汇多数平常都见过，但是在化工领域里是什么意思，就不知道了。
只有在了解专业知识、较全面的掌握和积累相关中英文专业词汇、术语的前提下，才能用合188--适的专业术语准确地将专业知识表达出来，否则会出现不符合专业表达习惯和规范的现象，甚至发生错译和误译。
小型专业的化工英语语料库较好地解决了译员遇到的问题，可以辅助译员充分地做好译前准备，增强译员翻译的信心，破解翻译困境。
3.2有助于教学工作的开展对于化工专业的学生来说，化工专业英语是以公共英语为基础，涉及很多化工专业英语词汇和专业知识的特殊用途英语。
由于术语和缩略语较多，学生觉得这门课枯燥无味，兴趣不强，不太重视。
目前化工英语教学也存在一言堂、满堂灌的现象。
影响了教学效果。
传统的方式已不适应现代的教学需要。
借助语料库技术，充分利用文献和网上资源，引导学生发挥其主观能动性。
使学生把对电脑网络和人工智能的兴趣与学习专业英语有机结合，既满足了学生求知的欲望，又调动学生学习的积极性，可以收到较好的效果。
4结语自建小型化工英语语料库，是化工行业英语翻译领域里的一次尝试。
从化工行业英语翻译的实际出发，还需要对语料库进行不断的完善，把新鲜的、实用的语料及时补充进库。
随着语料库技术的发展，自建专门的小型语料库必将获得广泛的应用和发展，为我国涉外化工事业的建设和发展做出自己应有贡献。
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