英美文学莎士比亚
英美文学选择题(附答案版)-
英美文学选择题(附答案版)1。
下列哪项陈述最能说明莎士比亚十四行诗第18 首的主题？演讲者颂扬了大自然的力量。
演讲者讽刺了人类的虚荣心。
C。
演讲者赞扬了艺术创作的力量。
演讲者思考人类的救赎。
2。
______ 用叙事诗或散文来歌颂骑士冒险或其他英雄事迹。
A。
十四行诗，浪漫，小说，戏剧，3。
浪漫的英雄通常是______ ，他开始了一段旅程来完成一些使命——保护教堂，打击不忠，拯救少女，迎接挑战，或服从骑士的命令。
a .士兵b .诗人c .骑士(knight)d . 歌手4。
红玫瑰c。
抒情歌谣(抒情歌谣集)d。
西风颂5。
”只要人类能呼吸或眼睛能看见”如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”伊桑的警句无比出自_ _。
a . she walks in beautyb . ode to the west wind(ode to the west wind)c . the solidary reasperd . on the seas and fa远r .离7。
______ 是盎格鲁-撒克逊人和英国人的民族史诗。
A。
《哈姆雷特》《贝奥武夫》《乌托邦》《抒情歌谣集》8。
以下哪一个不包括在威廉·莎士比亚最著名的四部悲剧中？A。
《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《威尼斯商人》《李尔王》9。
________ 是英国现实主义小说的先驱，也是著名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》的作者。
A。
亨利·菲尔丁·塞缪尔·理查逊C。
丹尼尔·笛福(Defo)乔纳森·斯威夫特10 .以下哪一篇不是拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生写的？他被称为“美国文学之父”，他的故事有《瑞普·凡·温克尔》和《睡谷的传说》。
A。
华盛顿欧文(欧文)b 舍伍德安德森c马克吐温d欧内斯特海明威12。
一般来说，马克·吐温属于哪一个文学流派？浪漫主义，现实主义，自然主义，后现代主义。
19 世纪上半叶美国文学的主要趋势是浪漫主义、现实主义、感伤主义和自然主义。
英美文学作家及其作品
Edmund SpenserThe faerie QueeneChristopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫.马洛Tamburlaine/Dr.Faustus/The Jew of MaltaWilliam Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth /Romeo and Juliet/Sonnet 18:shalli compare three to a summer's dayFrancis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根The Advancement of Learning/Novum Organum /Of Studies John Donne 约翰.邓恩The Songs and SonnetsGeorge Herbertvirtue:sweet day, so cool,socalm,so brightBen John"Song-To Celia":drink to me only with thine eyesRobert Herrick"To the Virgins,to Make Much of Time":gather ye rosebuds while ye mayJohn Milton 约翰.弥尔顿Paradise Lost/Paradise Regained/Samson AgonistesJohn Bunyan 约翰.班扬The Pilgrim,s Progress《天路历程》Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特A Modest Proposal/Gulliver's Travels/A Tale of a Tub /The Battle of the BooksAlexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯An Essay on Criticism /The Rape of the LockDaniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛福Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》Henry Fielding 亨利.费尔丁The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling/The History of Jonathan Wild the GreatSamuel Johnson 塞缪尔.约翰逊A Dictionary of the English LanguageRichard Brinsley Sheridan 理查.比.谢立丹The Rivals /The School for ScandalThomas Gray托马斯.格雷“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》Robert Burns 罗伯特•彭斯A Red,RedRose:o,myluve's like a red,red roseWilliam Blake 威廉布莱恩Marriage of Heaven and Hel/songs of Experience/Songs of Innocence;when my mother die i was very youngWilliam Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯Robert Southey and Coleridgeas the “Lake Poets”Lyrical Ballads.《抒情歌谣集》/The Prelude 序曲/ “i wondered londly as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge塞.泰.科勒律治Kubla Khan/The NightingaleGeorge Gordon Byron乔治.戈登.拜伦Childe Harold ' s Pilgrimage《恰尔德.哈罗德游记》Don Juan/"She Walks in Beauty"/"Song for the Luddites":as the libery lads o'er the seaPercy Bysshe Shelley 柏.比.雪莱“Ode to the West Wind”/Prometheus Unbound/QueenMab/The Cenci/"A Song:'Men of England'"John Keats 约翰.济慈"Ode on Melancholy"/"Ode on a Grecian Urn”/“Ode to aNightingale”/“Ode a Psyche”/ “To Autumn”:season of mists and mellow fruitfulnessJane Austen 简.奥斯汀Sense and Sensibility/Pride and Prejudice/Emma/Persuasion / Mansfield ParkCharles Dickens 查尔斯.狄更斯The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club /liver Twist/A tale of two Cities/ Great ExpectationsCharlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂.布朗蒂Jane EyreEmily Bronte 艾米丽.布朗蒂Wuthering HeightsAnne Bronte 安妮.布朗蒂Agnes GreyAlfred Tennyson阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生Idylls of the King《国王诗歌集》Thomas Hardy 托马斯.哈代Jude the Obscure/Tess of the D，Urbervilles:her narrative ended George Bernard Shaw 乔治•萧伯纳Widowers House /Mrs. Warren,s Profession/Caesar and Cleopatra/St. Joan/Back to Methuselah/Pygmalion 卖花女John Galsworthy 约翰.高尔斯华绥The forsyte saga/The Man of Property/Form the Four windsWilliam Butler Yeats 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝The Lake Lsle of Innisfree/The Wind Among the Reeds T.S.Eliot埃略特The Waste Land/The Four Quartets / “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock James Joyce詹姆斯.乔伊斯Ulysses《尤利西斯》wrence 戴维.伯特.劳伦斯Sons and Lovers. /The Rainbow / Women in LoveWilliam Golding 威廉戈尔丁Lord of the Flies 蝇王Samuel Beckett赛缪尔•贝尔特Waiting for Godot等待戈多Dylan Thomas狄兰•托马斯Death and Entrances死亡与出场Ted Hughes 特德•休斯Hawk in the Rain 雨中鹰Seamus Heaney谢默斯•希尼Death of a Naturalist 一位自然主义者之死Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon/Rip van WinkleEdgar Allan Poe 埃德加•坡The Goldbug/Muders in the Rue MorgueRalph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生Nature/The America Scholar/Walden Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔。
英美文学常识
16、William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯 1770-1850 17 、 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯 勒 律 治 1772-1834 18 、 Walter Scott 瓦 尔 特·司各特 1771-1832
英国文学
1、Geoffrey Chaucer 杰佛 利·乔叟 1340-1400 2 、 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚 1564-1616 长诗：The House of Fame 声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde 特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说：Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作 （他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） The Tempest 暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz 维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure 恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors 错中错;Much Ado about Nothing 无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost 空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜 之梦;The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人;As You Like It 如愿;The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍 记;All’s Well That Ends Well 皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night 第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale 冬天的故 事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third 约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth 亨利四世 （上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth 亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth 亨利八世； Troilus and Cressida 脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus 考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus 泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet 罗密欧与朱丽 叶；Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth 麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet 哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear 李尔 王;Othello 奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline 辛白林;Pericles 波里 克利斯;Venus and Adonis 维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece 露克利斯;The Sonnets 十四行诗 Advancement of Learning 学术的进展;Novum Organum 新工具;New Atlantic 新大西岛;Essays 论 文集（Of Studies 论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） L‘Allegro 欢乐的人;Il Penseroso 沉思的人;Comus 科马斯;Lycidas 列西达斯;Areopagitica 论出版自 由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense 为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda 再为英 国人民声辩;Paradise Lost 失乐园;Paradise Regained 复乐园;Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程; The Life and Death of Mr Badman 培德曼先生的一生 诗：The Campaign 远征； 剧本：Cato 加图 名文；Adventure of A shilling 一先令的历险 The Christian Hero 基督教徒的英雄 名文：The Spectator Club 旁观者俱乐部 （标志着近代英国小说的形成） Hymn to the Pillory 枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton 辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders 莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记 The Battle of Books 书的战争;A Tale of A Tub 一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters 布商的书 信 ;A Modest Proposal 一 个 温 和 的 建 议 ;Guilliver’s Travels 格 列 佛 游 记 (A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms 小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记) Pastorals 田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism 批评论;Windsor Forest 温莎林;The Rape of the Lock 卷发遇劫记;The Duncial 愚人志;Moral Essays 道德论;An Essay on Man 人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot 与阿布斯诺博士书 剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician 咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England 堂·吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Year 历史记事 长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams 约瑟·安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling 汤姆·琼斯;Amelia 阿美利亚 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language 英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets 诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes 人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas 拉塞勒斯 名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield 给吉士菲尔伯爵的信 The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World 世界公民;The Deserted 荒 村;She Stoops to Conquer 屈身求爱;The Rivals 情敌 ；The School for Scsanda 造谣学校 Poetical Sketches 素描诗集;Songs of Innocence 天真之歌;Songs of Experience 经验之歌 The French Revolution 法 国 革 命 ;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天 堂 与 地 狱 的 婚 姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem 名诗：London;The Tiger Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集 名诗：The Tree of Liberty 自由村;Scots Wha-Hae 苏格兰人;The Two Dogs 两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer 威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands 我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose 一朵红红的 玫瑰;John Anderson 约翰·安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That 不管身在何处都须保持尊 严;Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn An Evening Walk 黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems 露西组诗 (She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo 杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper 孤寂的刈麦人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality 不朽颂;Ode to Duty 义务颂;The Excursion 远足;The Prelude 序曲 Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille 巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老船 夫;Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria 文学传记 诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border 苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion 玛里恩;The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人 小说：Waverley 威弗利;Guy Mannering 盖·曼纳令;Rob Roy 罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian 米 德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe 艾凡赫;Kenilworth 坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock 皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward 昆 廷·达沃 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感;Emma 爱玛;Mansfield Park 曼 斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion 好事多磨;Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺 Tales from Shakespeare 莎士比亚故事集;Alburn Verses 诗集;Essay of Elia 伊利亚散文集(Dream Children 梦中儿女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig 烤猪论;Old China 古瓷;New Year’s Eve 除 夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers 扫烟囱童工赞;The Superannuated Man 领取养老金的人;A 1
莎士比亚作品赏析
莎士比亚生平创作年表1564年4月23日威廉·莎士比亚生于艾汶河畔的斯特拉福镇Stratford-upon-Avon，Henley Street.一个富裕的市民家中，于此度过童年和少年时代。
七岁起在文法学校读书，十四岁辍学。
1582年10月28日十八岁和安尼·哈瑟维Anne Hathaway结婚。
1583年5月26日女儿苏珊娜Susanna受洗。
1585年2月2日儿子哈姆涅特Hamnet和女儿裘迪斯Judith受洗。
1586年离开家乡，奔赴伦敦1590年《亨利六世》中篇、下篇Henry VI1591年《亨利六世》上篇1590年—1592年《亨利六世》公演。
1592年《错误的喜剧》The Comedy of Errors《理查三世》The Tragedy of King Richard III1592—1598年十四行诗Sonnets1593年《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》Titus Andronicus《驯悍记》The Taming of The Shrew长诗《维纳斯与安东尼斯》Venus and Andonis刊印1594年长诗《鲁克丽丝受辱记》The Rape of Lucrece刊印。
《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》公演《维洛那二绅士》The Two Gentlemen of Verona《爱的徒劳》Love’s Labour’s Lost《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Romeo and Juliet加入“宫内大臣供奉”剧团，后创建“环球剧场”Globe Theater1595年《理查二世》King Richard II《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night’s Dream1596年《约翰王》King John、《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice儿子哈姆涅特夭亡1597年《亨利四世》上篇、下篇Henry IV1598年《无事生非》Much ado About Nothing、《亨利五世》King Henry V《温莎的风流娘儿们》The Merry Wives of Windsor1599年《裘力斯·凯撒》Julius Caesar、《皆大欢喜》As You Like It修建“环球”剧院1600年《第十二夜》Twelfth Night1601年《哈姆雷特》Hamlet1602年《特洛伊勒斯和克瑞西达》Troilus and Cressida《终成眷属》All’s Well That Ends Well1603年女王伊利莎白Queen Elizabeth I 去世，詹姆斯一世登基。
英美文学文学流派的创作特色
英国1. Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400 乔叟Mediaeval Realism (Narrative Poetry)2. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616 莎士比亚T udor Lyric Poetry3. John Donne, 1572-1631约翰·多恩Metaphysical Poetry•4. John Milton, 1608-1674 约翰·米尔顿Epic in English•5. Daniel Defoe, 1661-1731 丹尼尔·笛福Rise of English Realism•6. Oliver Goldsmith, 1728-1774 奥利弗·哥德史密斯Sentimentalism•7. William Wordsworth, 1770-1850 华兹华斯Romanism in English Poetry•8. Charles Dickens, 1812-1870 狄更斯Victorian Critical Realism•9. Thomas Hardy, 1840-1948 托马斯·哈代Critical / Pessimistic Realism•10. E.S. Eliot, 1888-1965 艾略特Naturalism•11. Oscar Wilde 1854-1900 王尔德Aesthetic Movement & Decadents•12. James Joyce, 1882-1941 詹姆斯·乔伊斯Stream of Consciousness 意识流•13. Somerset Maugham, 1874-1965 毛姆Continuity of Critical Realism•14. D.H. Lawrence 1885-1930 劳伦斯Psychological Penetration•15. George Orwell, 1903-1950 乔治·奥威尔Social Satire1、Unit 2 William Shakespeare知识点：英国文学史简介、英国文艺复兴文学特征、人文主义的定义、莎士比亚戏剧和诗歌写作特点,莎士比亚在英国文学史上的地位重点：选读《哈姆雷特》第三幕第一场，赏析莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首难点：《哈姆雷特》主题及哈姆雷特的个性、莎士比亚十四行诗的韵式、人文精神在莎士比亚诗歌和戏剧中的体现2、Unit 3 Francis Bacon知识点：培根的文学地位及其散文风格，《论说文集》的特点、培根的格言名句重点：选读《论婚姻和单身》及《论读书》难点：培根散文的语言特色、修辞手法及理念；人文精神在培根的箴言中的体现3、Unit 4 17th-century British Poets知识点：十七世纪英国资产阶级革命及复辟时期社会背景、十七世纪英国文学特点、弥尔顿诗歌作品的文学特征重点：选读《失乐园》第一部难点：《失乐园》的文学特点、《失乐园》的修辞手法分析、“撒旦”形象分析、古希腊罗马文学和文艺复兴文学传统在《失乐园》中的体现4. Unit6 Romantic Poets（I）& Unit8 Romantic Poets（II）知识点：浪漫主义文学的特征、浪漫主义文学流派、浪漫主义诗歌特征及代表诗人、彭斯的诗歌风格、华兹华斯的诗歌特点、雪莱的诗歌成就、济慈的主要诗作的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色。
英美文学作品中的人名和寓意
英美人名有不少源自英美文学作品，其喻义在英美等国已是家喻户晓，即使没有读过该作品的人们，也会明白这些人名的喻义。
其用法在写作与日常生活中也屡见不鲜，本文举例如下：1．James Bond詹母斯·邦德；（喻）神通广大的人源自英国著名悬念小说作家伊恩·弗莱明（Ian Fleming, 1908-1964）的长篇侦探小说。
弗莱明以塑代号007的英国间谍詹母斯·邦德（James Bond）而蜚声全球，以邦德为主人公的长篇小说共13部，每一部都充满惊险、恐怖和国际间谍的阴谋。
小说中的詹母斯·邦德机智英勇，武艺高超，神通广大，无所不能。
任何大案、难案他都能一一破获。
James Bond现喻指“神通广大的人”。
如：(1) During the war he was sent on dangerous secret missions abroad. Very exciting! He was a sort of James Bond.战争期间他被派往国外执行危险而秘密的任务。
真令人兴奋！他就像是个詹姆斯·邦德。
(2)Most of the applicants were weeded out early, including one 13-year-old aspiring James Bond.多数申请人早已被筛掉，其中包括一位年仅13岁雄心勃勃的神童。
2．Jekyll and Hyde哲基尔和海德；（喻）有善恶双重人格者源自英国著名冒险故事和散文作家斯蒂文森（Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894）所著的道德寓意深刻的中篇小说《化身博士》（The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde）。
哲基尔和海德（Jekyll and Hyde）为该小说中的主人公，服用自配药物可使自己在原来善良绅士Jekyll与凶残暴的Hyde之间往复蜕变。
英美文学名著
English Literature 英美文学名著Jane Austen (1775-1817) 简.奥斯汀Emma <<爱玛>>Mansfield Park <<曼斯菲尔德庄园>>Persuasion <<劝导>>Pride and Prejudice <<傲慢与偏见>>Sense and Sensibility <<理智与情感>>Louisa M. Alcott (1832-1888) 露意莎.奥尔珂德Little Woman <<小妇人>>Good Wives <<好妻子>>Three Sisters of Bronte 勃朗特三姐妹Anne Bronte (1820-1849) 安.勃朗特The Tenant of Wildfell Hall <<怀尔德菲尔府的房客>> Agnes Grey <<艾格妮斯.格雷>>Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 夏洛特.勃朗特Jane Eyre <<简.爱>>The Professor <<教师>>Emily Bronte (1818-1848) 埃米丽.勃朗特Wuthering Heights <<呼啸山庄>>Francis Bacon ( 1561-1626) 弗兰西斯.培根Essays <<弗兰西斯.培根论文集>>John Bunyan (1628-1688) 约翰.班扬The Holy War <<圣战>>The Pilgrim's Progress <<天路历程>>Lewis Carroll (1832-1898) 刘易斯.卡罗尔Alice's Adventures in Wonderland <<爱丽丝漫游奇境记>>Through the Looking Glass <<爱丽丝漫游镜中世界>>Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) 约瑟夫.康拉德Lord Jim <<吉姆老爷>>Nostromo <<诺斯特罗摩>>The Secret Agent <<特务>>Almayer's Folly <<奥尔迈耶的愚蠢>>Heart of Darkness <<黑暗的心灵>>The Nigger of the Marcissus <<白水仙花号上的黑家伙>>The Shadow Line <<阴影线>>Youth <<青春>>Stephen Crane (1871-1900) 斯蒂芬.克莱恩Maggie- A Girl of the Streets <<街头女郎梅季>> The Red Badge of Courage <<红色英勇勋章>>Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) 科林斯No Name <<没有姓名>>The New Magdalen <<新玛格达琳>>The Moonstone <<月亮宝石>>The Woman in White <<白衣女人>>Willa Cather (1873-1947) 薇拉.凯瑟Alexander's Bridge <<亚历山大的桥>>My Antonia <<我的安东妮亚>>O Pioneers! <<啊，拓荒者！>>The Song of the Lark <<云雀之歌>>The Troll Garden and Selected Stories <<特罗尔花园>>Charles Dickens (1812-1870) 查尔斯.狄更斯A Christmas Carol <<圣诞欢歌>>A Tale of Two Cities <<双城记>>American Notes <<旅美札记>>Barnaby Rudge <<巴纳比.拉奇>>Bleak House <<荒凉山庄>>David Copperfield <<大卫.科波菲尔>>Domby and Son <<董贝父子>>Great Expectations <<远大前程>>Hard Times <<艰难时事>>Little Dorrit <<小杜丽>>Martin Chuzzlewit <<马丁.朱述尔维持>>Nicholas Nickleby <<尼古拉斯.尼克贝尔>>Oliver Twist <<雾都孤儿>>Our Mutual Friend <<我们共同的朋友>>The Battle of Life <<人生的战斗>>The Cricket on the Hearth <<炉边蟋蟀>>The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain <<神缠身的人>>The Mystery of Edwin Drood <<爱德温.德鲁德之谜>> The Old Curiosity Shop <<老古玩店>>The Pickwick Papers <<匹克威克外传>>Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) 丹尼尔.笛福The Journal of the Plague Year <<瘟疫年纪事>> Moll Flanders <<摩尔.弗兰德斯>>Robinson Crusoe-1 <<鲁滨逊漂流记>>Robinson Crusoe-2 <<鲁滨逊漂流记续集>>Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) 阿瑟.柯南道尔The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes <<福尔摩斯探案集>>A Study in Scarlet <<猩红色的谜>>Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes <<福尔摩斯回忆录>> The Hound of the Baskervilles <<巴斯克维尔庄园的猎犬>>The Lost World <<失去的世界>>The Poison Belt <<有毒带>>The Return of Sherlock Holmes <<福尔摩斯归来记>> The Sign of Four <<四签名>>The Valley of Fear <<恐怖峡谷>>George Eliot (1819-1880) 乔治.艾略特The Mill on the Floss <<弗罗斯河上的磨坊>>Adam Bede <<亚当.贝德>>Middlemarch <<米德尔马奇>>Silas Marner <<织工马南传>>Ralph W. Emerson (1803-1882) 爱默生English Traits <<英国人的特性>>Essays <<论文集>>The Conduct of Life <<生活行为>>Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) 本杰明.富兰克林Poor Richard's Almanack (1733-1758) <<穷理查的历书>>The Autobiography <<自传>>Henry Fielding (1707-1754) 亨利.菲尔丁The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling <<弃儿汤姆.琼斯的历史>>Elizabeth C. Gaskell (1810-1865) 伊丽莎白.加斯克尔Mary Barton <<玛丽.巴顿>>North and South <<北方与南方>>Ruth <<露丝>>Sylvia's Lovers <<西尔维亚的恋人>>Wives and Daughters <<妻子和女儿>>Cousin Phillis <<菲利丝表妹>>Cranford <<克兰福德>>Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 霍桑Twice-Told Tales <<重讲一遍的故事>>Mosses from an Old Manse <<古屋青苔>>The House of Seven Gables <<七个尖角阁的房子>> The Scarlet Letter <<红字>>The Snow Image <<雪的意象>>Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) 托马斯.哈代A Pair of Blue Eyes <<一双碧眼>>Far from the Madding Crowd <<远离尘嚣>>Jude the Obscure <<无名的裘德>>Tess of the d'Urbervilles <<德伯家的苔丝>>The Mayor of Casterbridge <<卡斯特桥市长>>The Return of the Native <<还乡>>Washington Irving (1783-1859) 华盛顿.欧文The Adventures of Captain Bonneville <<博纳维尔上尉探险记>>The Sketch Book <<见闻札记>>The Alhambra <<爱尔汗布拉宫>>Henry James (1843-1916) 享利.詹姆斯The Golden Bowl <<金碗>>Daisy Miller <<戴西.密勒>>Death of the Lion <<名流之死>>Roderick Hudson <<罗德里克.赫德森>>The Ambassadors <<奉使记>>The American <<美国人>>The Aspern Papers <<阿斯本文件>>The Europeans <<欧州人>>The Figure in the Carpet <<地毯上的图案>>The Lesson of the Master <<大师的教诲>>The Portrait of A Lady <<贵妇画像>>The Sacred Fount <<神圣源泉>>The Turn of the Screw <<螺丝在拧紧>> Washington Square <<华盛顿广场>>James Joyce (1882-1941) 詹姆斯.乔伊斯A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man <<艺术家青年时期写照>>Dubliners <<都柏林人>>Ulysses <<尤利西斯>>Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 托马斯.杰弗逊Autobiography <<自传>>Letters <<书信集>>Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) 吉卜林Kim <<吉姆>>Puck of Pook's Hill <<普克山的派克>>Rewards and Fairies <<投偿和仙子们>>The Jungle Book <<丛林故事>>Andrew Lang (1844-1912) 乌德鲁.兰The Blue Fairy Book <<绿皮童话书>>The Red Fairy Book <<红皮童话书>>The Violet Fairy Book <<紫皮童话书>>The Yellow Fairy Book <<黄皮童话书>>D. H. Lawrence (1855-1930) 戴.赫.劳伦斯Lady Chatterlay's Lover <<查太莱夫人的情人>> Women in Love <<恋爱中的女人>>Sons and Lovers <<儿子与情人>>Jack London (1876-1916) 杰克.伦敦Burning Daylight <<天大亮>>John Barleycorn <<约翰.巴雷肯>>Love of Life and Other Stories <<热爱生命>> Martin Eden <<马丁.伊登>>The Call of the Wild <<荒野的呼唤>>The Iron Heel <<铁蹄>>The People of the Abyss <<深渊中的人们>>The Sea-Wolf <<海狼>>The Son of the Wolf <<狼的儿子>>The White Fang <<白牙>>Herman Melville (1819-1891) 赫曼.梅尔维尔Benito Cereno <<班尼托.西兰诺>>Billy Budd <<比利.巴德>>Moby Dick (The Whale) <<白鲸>>Typee <<太比>>John Milton (1608-1674) 约翰.弥尔顿Paradise Lost <<失乐园>>Paradise Regained <<复乐园>>William Morris (1834-1896) 威廉.莫里斯A Dream of John Ball and A King's Lesson <<梦见约翰.鲍尔>>News from Nowhere <<乌有乡消息>>Frank Norris (1870-1902) 弗兰克.诺里斯Blix <<布里克斯>>McTeague <<麦克提格>>Moran of the Lady Letty <<莱蒂夫人号的莫兰>> The Octopus- A Story of California <<章鱼>>Harriet B. Stowe (1811-1896) 哈丽特.斯托Uncle Tom's Cabin <<汤姆叔叔的小屋>>Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) 斯威夫特Gulliver's Travels <<格列佛游记>>The Battle of the Books and Others <<书的战争>>Mary W. Shelly (1797-1851) 玛丽.雪莱Frankenstein <<弗兰肯斯坦>>Walter Scott (1771-1832) 沃尔特.司各特Bride of Lammermoor <<拉马摩尔的新娘>>Ivanhoe <<艾凡赫>>Rob Roy <<罗布.罗伊>>The Heat of Mid-Lothian <<中洛辛郡的心脏>>The Antiquary <<古董家>>The Talisman- A Tale of the Crusaders <<护符>> Waverley <<威弗利>>William Shakespeare (1564-1616) 莎士比亚The Complete Works of William Shakespeare <<莎士比亚全集>>A Lover's Complaint << 情女怨>>A Midsummer Night's Dream <<仲夏夜之梦>>All's Well That Ends Well <<终成眷属>>As You Like It <<皆大欢喜>>Cymbeline <<辛伯林>>King John <<约翰王>>King Richard II <<理查二世>>King Richard III <<理查三世>>Love's Labour's Lost <<爱的徒劳>>Measure for Measure <<一报还一报>>Much Ado About Nothing <<无事生非>>Pericles, Prince of Type <<泰尔亲王配力克里斯>> The Comedy of Errors <<错误的喜剧>>King Henry the Fourth <<亨利四世>>King Henry the Fifth <<亨利五世>>King Henry the Sixth <<亨利六世>>King Henry the Eighth <<亨利八世>>The History of Troilus and Cressida <<特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达>>The Life of Timon of Athens <<雅典的泰门>>The Merchant of Venice <<威尼斯商人>>The Merry Wives of Windsor <<温莎的风流娘儿们>> The Passionate Pilgrim <<爱情的礼赞>>The Phoenix and the Turtle <<凤凰和斑鸠>>The Rape of Lucrece <<鲁克丽丝受辱记>>The Taming of the Shrew <<驯悍记>>The Tempest <<暴风雨>>The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra <<安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉>>The Tragedy of Coriolanus <<科利奥兰纳斯>>The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark <<哈姆莱特>>The Tragedy of Julius Caesar <<裘力斯.凯撒>>The Tragedy of King Lear <<李尔王>>The Tragedy of Macbeth <<麦克佩斯>>The Tragedy of Othello, Moor of Venice <<奥赛罗>> The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet <<罗密欧与朱丽叶>> The Tragedy of Titus Andronicus <<泰特斯.安德洛尼克斯>>The Two Gentlemen of Verona <<维洛那二绅士>>The Winter's Tale <<冬天的故事>>Twelfth Night <<第十二夜>>Venus and Adonis <<维纳斯与阿都尼>>The Sonnets <<十四行诗>>Robert L. Stevenson (1850-1894) 史蒂文森Prince Otto <<奥托王子>>Treasure Island <<金银岛>>Across the Plains <<横穿普莱恩斯>>An Inland Voyage <<内河航程>>In the South Seas <<在南海>>Kidnapped <<绑架>>Master of Ballantrae <<巴伦特雷少爷>>The Black Arrow <<黑箭>>The Silverado Squatters <<西尔韦拉多-斯卡特斯>> The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde<<杰基尔医生和海德先生的奇案>>Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes <<骑驴游塞文斯山脉>>Weir of Hermiston <<赫米斯顿的韦尔>>Henry D. Thoreau (1817-1862) 梭罗Walden <<沃尔登，或林中生活>>Mark Twain (1835-1910) 马克.吐温A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court<<亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人>>A Tramp Abroad <<国外漫游>>Life on the Mississippi <<密西西北河上>>Mark Twain's Speeches <<演讲集>>The $30,000 Bequest <<三万元的遗产>>The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn <<哈克贝利.费恩历险记>>The Adventures of Tom Sawyer <<汤姆.索耶历险记>> Tom Sawyer Abroad <<汤姆.索耶在国外>>Tom Sawyer Detective <<汤姆.索耶探案>>The Innocents Abroad <<傻子出国记>>The Prince and the Pauper <<王子与贫儿>>The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson <<傻瓜威尔逊的悲剧>>What is Man <<什么是人>>William Thackeray (1811-1863) 威廉.萨克雷The Rose and the Ring <<玫瑰与戒指>>Vanity Fair <<名利场>>Edith Wharton (1862-1937) 伊迪丝.华顿Bunner Sisters <<邦纳姐妹>>House of Mirth <<欢乐之家>>Summer <<夏天>>The Age of Innocence <<天真的时代>>The Reef <<暗礁>>H. G. Wells (1866-1946) 赫伯特.乔治.威尔斯Ann Veronica <<安.维罗尼卡>>The Door in the Wall and Other Stories <<墙中之门>> The First Man in the Moon <<最先登上月球的人>> The Invisible Man <<隐身人>>The Island of Doctor Moreau <<莫洛医生的岛屿>> The Time Machine <<时间机器>>The War in the Air <<空中战争>>The War of the Worlds <<星际战争>>Tono Bungay <<托诺.邦盖>>Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) 奥斯卡.王尔德A House of Pomegranates <<石榴房子>>A Woman of No Importance <<无足轻重的女人>>An Ideal Husband <<理想丈夫>>Intentions <<意图>>Lady Windermere's Fan <<少奶奶的扇子>>Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories<<阿瑟.萨维尔勋爵的罪恶及其它故事>>The Happy Prince and Other Tales <<快乐王子及其它故事>>The Importance of Being Earnest <<认真的重要>> The Picture of Dorian Gray <<道林.格雷的肖像>>。
英美文学选读答案
莎士比亚，简奥斯丁，伍尔夫第一课Question 1♦Heroic Couplet（英雄双韵体）♦It refers to lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on.♦The adjective “heroic” was applied in the later seventeenth century because of the frequent use of such couplets in heroic poems and dramas♦This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer.♦From the age of John Dryden through that of Samuel Johnson, the heroic couplet was the predominant English measure for all the poetic kinds; some poets, including Alexander Pope, used it almost to the exclusion of other metersQuestion 2♦The Knight has the qualities that knights are expected to have, namely, courage, honor, courtesy, loyalty, devotion to the weak and helpless, to the service of women.♦He has taken part in many famous battles and won one victory after another.♦He sits at table in the chair of honor above all nations.♦He fights for his faith.♦Although he is so distinguished and wise, he looks like a maid, modest, meek, not gaily dressed, never saying a vulgar word.Question 3♦Chaucer uses the rhyming couplet, which he introduced from France, in writing his major poems. He is the first great writer to use the dialect of London in writing.♦Chaucer is credited by some scholars as being被一些学者认为是the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language英语方言作为文学语言在艺术上的合法性, rather than French or Latin♦Chaucer‟s language is close to modern English. Modern English is descended from Chaucer‟s English.Chaucer raised the language to a higher literary level by writing it with polish and ease.♦Chaucer‟s language is vivid and exact. His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness. His style is flexible. His prose is easy and informal. He uses mild satire when he deals with people‟s foibles and weaknesses第二课bacon♦ 1 According to Bacon, the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦That is to say, right decisions and judgments over important matters require comprehensive knowledge which is acquired by studies.♦Without a wide range of knowledge, a person cannot digest information, analyze information and take timely measures accordingly.♦2Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abilities. But the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦Studies perfect nature, and is perfected by experience♦There is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies.Studies can train (shape) a person‟s character and make up a person‟s deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.3This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.4The essay is peculiar for its clearness, brevity, and force of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and of balanced structures.Conciseness of expression and simplicity of diction are two chief distinguishing features of the prose style of Bacon who was among the earliest of English essayists.MiltonQuestion 1♦To lose the battle does not lose all. They still have the unconquerable will, eagerness for revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield.♦With all this, they can overcome all other thingsQuestion 2♦He is defeated in the battle against God, but he does not lose heart.♦He will not bow down to God.♦Instead, he is advising the serpent and followers to rise up again and fight another battle.Question 3♦To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee and deify his power. To give in to God, to fall down on one‟s knees to beg for mercy submissively, worship God‟s power, become scared for God‟s authority and power, lose confidence.Question 4♦real hero, dare to revolt against the despot, persevering but not discouraged after the failure (Republicans including Milton)ShakespearQuestion 1♦In this soliloquy he compares death to sleep. If the many kinds of sufferings that naturally come to a human being disappear in the “sleep”, then death is what is wished for.♦But there may be dreams in the sleep. That is to say, the worldly sufferings may still occur in the dreams.That is the point at which doubt arises.Question 2♦People would rather bear all the suffering of the world instead o f choosing death to get rid of them because they do not know what the next life would be like. No traveler returns from boundary of the undiscovered country. The unknown sufferings may be more unbearable and more terrible.♦It would be better to bear those ills they have than to fly to others that they know not of.Question 3♦Serious thinking makes people lose their determination.♦Faced with the evil force, Hamlet can neither act in cahoots with it nor overturn and destroy it. He is isolated and helpless. Even if opportunities come, he cannot take them because of his indecisiveness.Here the shortcomings of the newly-arising bourgeoisie are shown. They think too much but do not act or act slowly第三课ben jonson♦1) A kiss in the cup♦2) The lovers express their love between eyes. The cup with a kiss has become a divine drink. The poet would not give his wine in exchange for Jove‟s nectar sup. In the eyes of the poet, the drink brewed with love is the most delicious in the world. Nothing can be compared with the wine♦3) The wreath is a symbol of love. The purpose of sending his lover a rosy wreath is not only to express his love, but to hope that the rose will never fade with the lover‟s love. The l over breathes to the rosy wreath and sends back to the poet. Then a miracle appears: It grows, and smells, but not naturally. It seems that the rosy wreath has produced a magic powerDonneQuestion 1♦The woman doesn‟t reject the flea entrée to her body, y et she denies the advancements of the speaker.The speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. “It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.”♦This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. Their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn‟t considered one. This act could not be considered a l oss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. Therefore this lady should not be troubled about giving herself to him委身于他before they marry, because their only act is the mixing of their blood.Question 2♦Lines 14 and 15 of stanza 2, “Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, and cloistered in these living walls of jet,” describes how her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. Her parents are against such a marriage.Question 3♦Three lives refer to you, me and the flea (implying our baby). The speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. She would kill the symbolic marriage realm and the baby.♦In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself.♦When the flea is killed, the speaker purposefully turns to another argument.♦The killing has done no harm to them.♦Likewise, their secret union will do no harm to them.♦They should not worry about their union. Their fears are unnecessary.第四课DefoeQuestion 1♦To think about securing himself against savages or wild beasts.♦To choose a proper place: He consulted four things before pitching his tent: health and fresh water, shelter from the heat of the sun, security from ravenous, a view to the sea.♦To set up a tent and dig a cave♦To avoid the blast of the power by lightning: He made bags and boxes to separate the power.♦To kill goats for food.Question 2To make his sounds reasonable and convincingQuestion 3♦From the creation of the image of Robinson Crusoe by the author, we can see that Defoe took positive attitude towards colonialism.♦His bourgeois outlook manifests itself in the fact that he does not condemn Negro-slavery in his book. Robinson Crusoe stands for a typical 18th-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer co lonistFielding♦ 1. It serves as the title of chapter 8, which shows how the story is narrated. The narration of the story will follow the classical form of epic.♦ 2. Fielding depicts the combat and villagers in the Homerican style. (See the above)♦ 3. He does not strictly follow the classical form of epic. He uses a mock epic style.♦He tried to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.♦Throughout, the ordinary and usually ridiculous life of the common people, from the middle-class to the underworld, is his major concern.♦Fielding treats Tom as a complicated, round character. Tom‟s nature is impulsive, but genuine. He showsgreat honor in the way he respects Molly, but he does give into her lust.♦This behavior would be shocking for Fielding's audience, and yet he continues to treat Tom with due deference, noting both his faults and virtues.♦When Tom sends a servant for a side saddle for the disheveled 零乱的Molly, it reveals his respect for people of all classes and positions♦Further, in protecting Molly from her attackers, Tom reveals another element of his character: an intense passion.♦The distinction between appearance (a libertine here) and inward character (a boy defined by respect and virtue) is most important in understanding the book's hero.♦Consider how Molly wears the dress of a lady to hide her pregnancy - it suggests that what we see is not what we get.♦Ironically, she is attacked not for her immoral pregnancy, but for attempting to dress as a lady.♦Fielding…s cynicism is time and again tempered调节，缓和only by his humor and delight in broadly comic and dramatic scenes.♦The fight outside the church is described in detail, with the individuals named to create realism in the scene, almost as a piece of drama.♦ 4. The narrator‟s direct address to the reader breaks the suspension of disbelief in the narrative. He refers to the construction of his text as a story with “sundry similes, descriptions and oth er kind of poetical embellishments润色,” reminding the reader that the novel is an artificial construct. By calling attention to the novel's form, Fielding is able to both explicitly extrapolate its ideas and have fun with its conventions第七课♦Mr. Bennet is an English gentleman with his ove rbearing wife. The Bennets‟ five daughters: the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the wild Lydia.Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr. Bennet dies, their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have never met.The family‟s future, happiness and security is dependent on the daughters‟ making good marriages. The main plot is about the five daughters, especially the main character Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy as they deal with matters of upbringing, marriage, moral rightness and education in her aristocratic societyWhat do you think about the characters of Mr. Bennet and Mrs Bennet?♦Mr. Bennet is a cynical person while Mrs Bennet is a philistine and shallow woman. She is a beautiful but empty-headed, snobbish and vulgar woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich, handsome young men. She is often teased by her husbandHow do you understand the first sentence?♦“In want of” and “fortune” are key words in the first sentence. “In want of” refers to “need” instead of “desire”. In another word, it implies objectivity rather than subjectivity. The truth of “a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” is tested through the Bennet family.♦Another key wor d is “fortune”, suggestive of the primary importance of cash nexus（现金交易关系）in love and marriage. The opening sentence serves as an excellent start for the development of the plot.It is probably one of the most famous first sentences found in fiction.What does the first chapter describe?♦The first chapter describes the parents of the Bennet girls.♦Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are busy considering the prospects of their daughters‟ marriage, shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor.♦Mild satire may be found here in the author‟s seeming ly matter-of-fact description of a very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mrs. and Mr. Bennet What is the style of the chapter?♦The style is lucid and graceful with touches of humor and mild satire. The conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life. The author only inserts her observations occasionallyWhat is the theme of the novel?♦This book tells us a great deal about different attitudes toward marriage in Au sten‟s time.♦Austin satires and criticizes the marriage arranged by the parents of both sides or the marriiages built upon money or wealth.♦Elizabeth‟s attitude, which is not built upon wealth and money, but on spiritual understanding of each other, is praised by the writer.第八课dickens♦Noah Claypole‟s relationship with Oliver illustrates Victorian England‟s obsession with class distinctions.♦The son of destitute parents, Noah is accustomed to the disdain of those who are better off than he.♦Thus, he is relieved to have Oliver nearby, since, as an orphan, Oliver is even worse off than he is.♦Dickens shows that class snobbery is a universal quality, characteristic of the lowest as well as the highest strata of society.♦Moreover, snobbish behavior seems a component of class insecurity.♦The poor mercilessly taunt those who are poorer than they, out of anxious desire to distinguish themselves from those who are even worse off in life♦In protesting the parish‟s treatment of Oliver, Dickens criticizes th e Victorian characterization of the poor as naturally immoral, criminal, and filthy.♦His principal character, Oliver, after all, is virtuous, good, and innocent.♦Although we might expect a criticism of the popular conception of the lower classes to descr ibe many lower-class characters who are essentially good, honest, and hardworking, Dickens does not paint such a simplistic picture.♦The character of Noah, for example, exhibits the same stereotypes that Dickens satirizes in the first several chapters.♦Noah, the son of a drunkard, seems to have inherited all of the unpleasant traits that his father presumably has. Big, greedy, cowardly, ugly, and dirty, Noah is the quintessential Victorian stereotype of the good-for-nothing poor man.♦Oliver‟s attack on No ah is an important moment in the development of his character.♦Most of the time, he is portrayed as sweet, -docile, innocent, and naïve—sometimes to the point of seeming somewhat dim.♦Indeed, it might seem that Dickens, in his fervent desire to exact his Victorian audience‟s sympathy for the poor orphan, exaggerates by making Oliver angelic.♦Oliver‟s fit of rage, however, makes him seem more passionate and human, like an ordinary child.♦Oliver, raised in the workhouse, has never seen a functioning family except for the Sowerberrys, who are childless.♦His sense of familial love and duty is strong enough to compel him to violently come to his mother‟s defense.♦Dickens implies that loyalty to kin, and the desire for the love of a family, is an impulse with which children are born, not one that needs to be learned and nurtured第九课Dover Beach♦What is the tone of the poem?♦What is the theme of the poem?♦Do you think the view of human life presented here is applicable to today‟s world? Why or why not?♦Feelings of isolated loneliness, and fear of the future are the major tone of the poem♦The central theme is that the poet mourns the loss of faith in God, who provided security and meaningfor people in the past, and compares the passing of faith to the ebb of the tide.♦In Arnold‟s world, the pillar of faith supporting society was perceived as crumbling under the weight of scientific development.♦Consequently, the existence of God and the whole Christian scheme of things were cast in doubt.♦Arnold, who was deeply religious, lamented the dying of the light of faith.♦It is rather difficult to say it is true or not for today‟s world. With a positive viewpoint, we can perceive today‟s world as a prosperous and peaceful one. With a negative and critical eye, the wor ld today is full of misery, torture and disbelief, and is as a messy chaos as described in the poemMeeting at nightHow does the poem show the frame of mind 心情of the hero and the heroine? Meeting at night ♦The hero was sailing a boat on the gray sea. The little waves were startled and leaped in fiery ringlets under the moonlight. This image reflects the happy mood of the hero.♦When the boat landed the cove, it slowed down and got stranded on the sand. This suggests the swiftness of the boat and the eagerness of the hero.♦The repetition of the sounds “s” and “sh” produced the sound effect.♦The last four lines form an image of their meeting. It can be seen that the person inside had been waiting with the same eagerness.♦“Scratch” and “spurt” are onomatopoeias, which produced the sound effect of peace and quietude late at night.♦Their joy reached the climax in the last line. They were hugging each other tightly.How do you understand the poem? 早上的分别♦This poem describes the parting of the two after the meeting late at night.♦In the above poem the hero thinks that the joy of love is everlasting, but now he admits that this joy is transient. Love and comfort are not everything for a man. He has a lot of things to do. He should commit himself to his own cause.♦The sunlight travels in a straight line. Compared with the sunlight, the road of his cause is uneven and full of curves.丁尼生What is expressed in the poem?♦This short lyric was written in memory of the poet‟s very dear friend Arthur Hallam whose death was felt very keenly by Tennyson throughout his life. In the poem Tennyson contrasts his own feelings of sadness over the loss of a dear friend first with th e innocent joys of a fisherman‟s boy and of a sailor lad and then with the unfeeling waves of the sea that break upon the shore and with the insensate ships that enter into a harbor. The whole effect is one of genuine personal grief revealed through simple imagery and very musical language.What does stanza 2 describe? How does the poet feel?♦Stanza 2 describes the fisherman‟s boy shouting with sister at play and the sailor lad singing. The gaiety of the people in the setting is in contrast with the poet‟s gloomy feeling. The boy, the girl, and the lad are enjoying themselves despite the inner pains of the poet. The enjoyable setting intensifies the poet‟s mood. He feels more lonely and is plunged into deeper sorrow over the loss of his friend.What is the effect of the repetition of “Break, break, break”?♦“Break, break, break” appears in the first lines in the first and last stanzas. “Break” is a one-syllable word. It is read with much feeling and poignancy. The word easily fills the normal tempo of a metrical foot. “Break, break, break” is repeated for more that has not been mentioned above to be conveyed more clearly. We can see the following lines touch the memory of the experience in which the poet was with his friend.第10课萧伯纳Question 1♦He is afraid to betray his origin.♦He is the son of a Clerkenwell watchmakerQuestion 2♦In this play and in British society at large, language is closely tied with class.♦From a person's accent, one can determine where the person comes from and usually what the person's socioeconomic background is.♦She speaks English so well that they are curious about her and eager to know her identity.♦They stop talking to look at her, admiring her dress, her jewels, and her strangely attractive self.♦Some of the younger ones at the back stand on their chairs to see.♦According to the hostess, there has been nothing like her in London since people stood on their chairs to look at Mrs. Langtry (English actress).Question 3♦Class Distinction. The social hierarchy is an unavoidable reality in Britain,.♦Shaw includes members of all social classes from the lowest (Liza) to the servant class (Mrs. Pearce) to the middle class (Doolittle after his inheritance) to the genteel poor (the Eynsford Hills) to the upper class (Pickering and the Higginses).♦The general sense is that class structures are rigid and should not be tampered with改动, so the example of Liza's class mobility is most shocking.♦The issue of language is tied up in class quite closely; the fact that Higgins is able to identify where people were born by their accents is telling有力的说明.♦British class and identity are very much tied up in their land and their birthplace, so it becomes hard to be socially mobile if your accent marks you as coming from a certain location♦Here Higgins, and through him Shaw, shows that this great difference between human beings can be destroyed. And when this disappears, the class distinction it represents also largely disappears. The flower girl does not have to stay on the curbstone with her basket all her life. To re-make human speech is a method of re-making modern society.第11课WoolfWhat is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.What is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.♦Middle-aged Clarissa has experienced the deaths of her father, mother, and sister and has lived through the calamity of war, and she has grown to believe that living even one day is dangerous.♦Death is very naturally in her thoughts, and the line from Cymbeline, along with Septimus‟s suicidal embrace of death, ultimately helps her to be at peace with her own mortality.♦Peter Walsh, so insecure in his identity, grows frantic at the idea of death and follows an anonymous young woman through London to forget about it.♦Septimus faces death most directly. Though he fears it, he finally chooses it over what seems to him a direr alternative—living another day.How is the novel related to the disillusionment of the British Empire?♦English citizens lost much of their faith in the empire after the war. No longer could England claim to be invulnerable and all-powerful. Citizens were less inclined to willingly adhere to the rigid constraints imposed by England‟s class system,which benefited only a small margin of society but which all classes had fought to preserve.♦In 1923, when Mrs. Dalloway takes place, the old establishment and its oppressive values are nearing their end. English citizens, including Clarissa, Peter, and Septimus, feel the failure of the empire as strongly as they feel their own personal failures. The old empire faces an imminent demise, and the loss of the traditional and familiar social order leaves the English at loose ends.What can we see about Englis h Society from Clarissa‟s preparation for the party?♦Woolf strived to illustrate the vain artificiality of Clarissa‟s life and her involvement in it.♦The detail given and thought provoked in one day of a woman…s preparation for a party, a simple social event, exposes the flimsy没有价值的lifestyle of England's upper classes at the time of the novel. How is the stream of consciousness technique used in Mrs. Dallay?♦In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an i ndividual‟s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions♦Stream of Consciousness is an innovative narration technique in the twentieth century to reflect the inner world of the characters and expose the social reality.Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs.Dalloway,which is the sign of maturity of Stream of Consciousness, is the best works of her.Through the use of stream of consciousness, which mainly includes montage, inner monologue and free association, the novel expresses the inner world of the protagonist directly.The story of the novel is of Clarissa Dalloway‟s preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. She goes around London in the morning, getting ready to host a party that evening. The nice day reminds her of her youth at Bourton and makes her wonder about her choice of husband; she married the reliable Richard Dalloway instead of the enigmatic and demanding Peter Walsh, who will pay her a visit in the evening.♦Clarissa‟s party in the evening is a slow success. It is attended by most of the characters she has met in the book, including people from her past.♦At the party she hears about the suicide of a World War I veteran Septimus, who suffers from “shell shock”, and gradually comes to admire the act of this stranger, which she considers an effort to preserve the purity of his happiness♦With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time and in a nd out of the characters‟ minds to construct an image of Clarissa‟s life and of the inter-war social structure。