必修五课文原文及翻译
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------必修五课文原文及翻译UNIT 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert， indeed， that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854，he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods，he began to gather information.In two1 / 26particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40)． He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this， so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame. Next， John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London， he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman， who had moved away from Broad Street， liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally King Cholera was defeated. 约翰斯诺战胜霍乱王约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。
霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病。
人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。
每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
约翰斯诺想面对这一挑战，解决这一问题。
他知道在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测产生了兴趣。
第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
病毒从胃部开始迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
3 / 26约翰斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。
因此在 1854 年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就着手准备对此调研。
当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，约翰斯诺开始搜集信息。
他发现特别在两条街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于 10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。
他决心查清原因。
他首先在地图上标注出所有死者曾住过的确切地点。
该图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。
许多死者都住在布洛德街上的水泵附近(尤其是这条街上的 16、37、 38 和40 号)。
他还发现有些住户(如布洛德街 20 号和 21 号及剑桥街 8 号和 9 号)却无人死亡。
他未预料到这种情况，于是他做了进一步调查。
他发现这些人是在剑桥街 7 号的酒馆里打工。
酒馆为他们供应免费啤酒，因此他们没喝布洛德街水泵里的水。
看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。
他发现水来自于河里，这条河被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。
约翰斯诺立即告诉布洛德街上惊慌失措的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。
他证明了霍乱是通过细菌传播而非气团传播。
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。
一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。
她和她的女儿在喝了这些水后，都死于霍乱。
利用这个额外证据，约翰斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。
为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。
供水公司也得到指示再也不能让人们接触污染水了。
霍乱王终于被击败了。
PUZILES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries：England，Wales， Scotland and Northern Ireland.You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England.Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to Great Britain． Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as5 / 26well.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.However， the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.So only Northern Ireland joined with England， Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg， the currency and international relations)， but they still have very different institutions.For example， Northern Ireland，England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries， and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.The zone nearest France is called the South of England，the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.You find most of the population settled in the south， but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.Although， nationwide， these cities are not as large as those in China，they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two！It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ century do not attract visitors.For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans.There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums，art collections，theatres，parks，and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD，the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.There have been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders， the Romans， left their towns and roads.The second， the Anglo-Saxons， left their language and their government.The third，the Vikings，influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England， and the fourth， the Normans， left castles and introduced new words for food. If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 地理学的困惑对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们感到很奇怪。
英语必修五第三单元课文翻译
英语必修五第三单元课文翻译WHO AM I?Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could "think" logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my "artificial intelligence". In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a "universal machine" to solve any difficult mathematical problem. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. However, this reality also worried my designers. As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. As a result I totally changed my shape. As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! And my memory becameso large that even I couldn't believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. I have become very important in communication, finance and trade. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!我是谁？随着时间的流逝，我在不断的发生变化。
高二英语必修五第4单元课文翻译
高二英语必修五Unit 4课文翻译Unit 4 Making the newsReadingMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalist我的第一项工作任务“难以忘怀，”新闻记者说Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。
他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。
HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?胡：欢迎你，非常高兴你来参加我们的工作，你来这里首先就是当助理记者。
有什么问题吗?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?周：我可以马上去采访吗?HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.胡：(笑)真是勇气可嘉!不过恐怕这不太合乎常规，还是等到你比较有经验以后吧。
苏教版必修五《项脊轩志》课文逐字详解翻译
先是，庭中通南北为一。迨诸父异爨，内
先前这里
名作状
是
到处
一个整体
修饰关系
外多置小门墙，往往而是。东犬西吠，客
名作状，向西 开始 不久
名作状
逾庖而宴，鸡栖于厅。庭中始为篱，已为
表修饰
状语后置句
墙，凡再变矣。
总共
修筑
在这以前，庭院南北贯通，是一 个整体。等到伯父叔父们分家以后， 在室内外设置了很多小门、隔墙，到 处都是。东家的狗对着西家叫，客人 得越过厨房去吃饭，鸡在厅堂内栖宿。 庭院中开始修筑了篱笆，不久就又修 筑了围墙，总共变动了两次。
其后六年，吾妻死，室坏不修。其后二
代词，‚那‛ 才 代词，‚那‛
年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子， 其制稍异于前。然自后余多在外，不常居。
格局 状语后置句 可是
庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已
（它是） 亭亭如盖矣。 ‚亲手‛， 结构助词，‚的‛ 省略句， 所字结构 名作状 判断句
那以后过了六年，我的妻子去世，项 脊轩逐渐破败，也不修理。那以后又 过了两年，我卧病在床，闲极无聊之 际，才派人再次修缮南阁子。它的格 局和以前稍有不同。然而此后我长期 羁留在外，不常回到轩中居住。 庭院前有一棵枇杷树，它是我妻 子去世的那一年亲手种下的，如今已 经高高地耸立着，（枝叶繁盛）像一 把撑开着的巨伞一样了。
顷之，持一象笏至，曰：‚此吾祖太常 公 ‚不久‛
判断句 名作动， 应当 代词，‚它‛ 宣德间执此以朝，他日汝当用之！‛瞻 连词，‚来‛，表目 的顾 音节助词，不译
上朝
泛指 ‚看‛， 有回忆的意思 在否定句中，代词作 遗迹，如在昨日，令人长号不自禁。 宾语，宾语前置。 ‚不能控制自己‛
不一会儿，又拿了一个象笏到 轩里来，说：‚这是我祖父太 常公在宣德年间拿它去朝见皇 帝用的，日后你应当用到它！‛ 回忆旧日的这些事，好像在昨 天刚发生，真令人长声悲号不 能控制自己啊！
英语必修五课文翻译RISINGTOACHALLENGE
上升到一个挑战没有多少人有机会成为一个先驱和体验一个真实的冒险。
但那些要去住在这个新的海底城市能够做到这一点!这里不会有痛苦。
事实上它是如此舒适,它被描述为“一个丝绸冒险”。
在它所有的优点中包括:轻松接触(接触)与地面,更多的自由空间,完全的个人安全和不用担心做家务。
有一个问题在过去当企业试图设计海底城市。
海底深,这使得它很难接触表面。
这个困难解决了航天飞机潜艇(潜水艇),它会随时要人们到表面。
他们将会配备一个特别小的,电脑机。
所有的家人将被输送到目的地快速和安全。
个人空间是重要的健康生活。
但得到足够的问题自从人口增长太大的可用土地。
这也是一个重要的原理设计的饱和的城市。
每个人都能得到两倍的个人空间陆上公寓。
你将能够探索海底和浮在鱼和其他海洋动物,了解海底世界,享受野餐的珊瑚礁。
我们的组织会照顾所有家庭的安全在饱和的城市。
我们将检查每个人进入或离开这个城市。
计算机也会在整个城市将能够“意义”如果一个对象被删除任何未经许可的房子。
只有清洁机器人将能够移动对象。
这个新设备肯定会让你的生活更有乐趣。
当然不会有家庭的担忧在饱和的城市。
每一个新的健全的房子也有自己的家庭只使用机器人。
你的详情将其送入计算机硬盘,这样它只会回答你的家庭的命令。
所以一个干净的房子是你的只要你移动的。
我们希望这一信息对你足够决定去看我们的超高档公寓和房子。
他们都来自上面提到的特殊项目。
我们希望你在我们的一个许多次视察。
英语必修五课文翻译FINDING-THE-SOLUTION(1)
原文：FINDING THE SOLUTIONDo you like puzzles? Euler did. Did you solve the one you heard for the listening task? No! Well, don't worry, Euler didn't either! As he loved mathematical puzzles, he wanted to know why this one wouldn't work. So he walked around the town and over the bridges of K6nigsberg several times. To his surprise, he found that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself (see Fig 3), but he couldn't cross all seven. He just had to know why. So he decided to look at the problem another way.He drew himself a picture of the town and the seven bridges like the one above. He marked the land and the bridges. Then he put a dot or point into the centre of each of the areas of land. He joined these points together using curved lines to go over the bridges (see Fig 1). He noticed that some points had three lines going to them (A, B and C) and one had five (D). He wondered if this was important and why the puzzle would not work. As three and five are odd numbers he called them "odd" points. To make the puzzle clearer he took away the bridges to see the pattern more clearly (see Fig 2).He wondered whether the puzzle would work if he took one bridge away (as in Fig 3). This time the diagram was simpler (as in Fig 4). Hecounted the lines going to points A, B, C and D. This time they were different. Two of them had even numbers of lines (B had two and D had four). Two and four are both even numbers so Euler called them "even" points. Two points in Fig 4 had an odd number of lines going to them (A and C both had three) and so he called them "odd" points.Using this new diagram Euler started at point A, went along the straight line to B and then to C. Then he followed the curved line through D and back to A. Finally he followed the other curved line from A back through D to C where he finished the pattern. This time it worked. He had been able to go over the figure visiting each point but not going over any line twice or lifting his pencil from the page. Euler became very excited. Now he knew that the number of odd points was the key to the puzzle. However, you still needed some even points in your figure if you wanted it to work. So Euler looked for a general rule:If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.Quickly he went to his textbooks to find some more figures. He looked at the four diagrams shown below and found that when he used his rule, he could tell if he could go over the whole figure without taking his pencil from the paper. He was overjoyed. He did not know it but his little puzzle had started a whole new branch of mathematics called "topology". In his honour this puzzle is called "finding the Euler path".译文：寻找解决的方法你喜欢谜题吗?欧拉喜欢。
新课标高中英语必修5 课文翻译与要点 unit1
1.必修五Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
So many thousands of terrified people diedevery time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until itscause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。
高中英语必修五课文及翻译
高中英语必修五课文及翻译集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]-必修 5Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it isdivided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotlandis known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of nationalgovernment and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.人们可能会奇怪为什么用不同的词语来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家。
(完整版)外研版高中英语必修5课文翻译
必修5课文翻译Module 1British and American EnglishWords,Words,Words英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。
首先，最为明显的方面是在词汇方面。
有成百上千的不同的词在大西洋彼岸是不被使用的或以不同的意思被使用。
有一些词是非常有名的，美国人在高速公路上驾驶时给车（automobile 汽车）加油加的是gas；而英国人通常来给车加油用的是petrol（汽油）。
做为一个游客，你在伦敦将会使用underground來指地铁或在纽约使用subway，或许你将会更愿意选择用出租车taxi（英国）或cab（美国）来游览城市。
Chips or French fries？但是其他词语和表达方式没有这麽广泛的被人所知。
美国人把手电筒成为flashlight然而在英国，它被称做torch（火炬，火把；喷灯，吹管；光芒）。
在英国英语当中，排队要用queue up 而在美国要用stand in line 。
有的时候同一个单词在意义上有轻微差别，这和种差别有事会使人疑惑不解。
例如：Chips 在英国中指的是油炸的或热炸的薯条；在美国，Chips 是非常薄的并且是放在袋里出售的。
英国人称它为Crisps英国人所熟悉并喜欢的这中薯条在大西洋彼岸却被称之为French fries 。
Have or have got ？在语法方面英式英语和美式英语也有一些不同。
英国人通常说“have you got ...?”而美国人更愿意使用“Do you have ...?”一个美国人通常会说“My friend has just arrived .”但是一个英国人通常会说“My friend has just arrived.”介词的用法也有一定不同：我们可以比较一下，在美式英语中用on the team ,on the weekend 在英式英语中用in the team ,at the weekend 。
高中英语必修五课文及其翻译
创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX创作者：别如克*必修5Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told theastonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.Using LanguageCOPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him topublish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.Using LanguageSIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of aroyal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country. The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX创作者：别如克*Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall: liqiang299A@ 15/11/3008 (Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suff ered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of WangPing again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangUsing LanguageI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly.The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight?(We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using theprinciples of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices.Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robotsproduce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the newsReadingMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist.Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera. HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now.Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.Using Language创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX创作者：别如克*GETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. “This will look very good on the page,” she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, asseveral colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending onwhich layers of the skin are burned.◎First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.◎Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns◎dry, red and mildly swollen◎mildly painful◎turn white when pressedSecond degree burns◎rough, red and swollen◎blisters◎watery surface◎extremely painfulThird degree burns◎black and white and charred◎swollen; often tissue under them can be seen◎little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painaround edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Using LanguageHEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AW ARD Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shockingknife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference." Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
高二语文必修五报任安书原文及翻译
高二语文必修五报任安书原文及翻译古诗文是富有智慧的中华人们的思想财富，掌握好古诗文也是高中语文的目标，以下是店铺为您整理的关于报任安书原文及注释的详细资料，供您阅读。
高二语文必修五报任安书原文太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。
少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。
若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。
仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。
顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。
谚曰：“谁为为之?孰令听之?”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。
何则?士为知己者用，女为说己者容。
若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。
书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。
今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。
请略陈固陋。
阙然久不报，幸勿为过。
仆闻之：修身者，智之符也;爱施者，仁之端也;取予者，义之表也;耻辱者，勇之决也;立名者，行之极也。
士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。
故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。
刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。
昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈;商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心;同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之!夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎!如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉!仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。
所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主;次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士;外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功;下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。
四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。
乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。
不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪?嗟乎!嗟乎!如仆尚何言哉!尚何言哉!且事本末未易明也。