变电站综合自动化数据采集及传输系统设计英文翻译
PCI网卡和短窗Morlet复小波在继电保护和监控系统中的应用摘要: 使用可编程通信接口（PCl）网卡和短窗Morlet复小波算法与数字保护技术、测试和控制技术、多总线技术和电功率监视技术结合，一个新的全分布式的继电保护和监控系统得以发展。
PCI 网卡硬件的设计方法与其驱动器和监控程序的发展过程一起被描述。
一种有差异过滤器与短窗Morlet复小波测量算法被用于计算基本的振幅与电流电压信号协调成分。
其计算的结果不受频率变化的影响, 每一保护和监控装置采取统一的硬件平台和系统设计，而后复杂性被减少，并且系统的维持性被改进。
网络测试、动力学模拟及在此域的测试结果表明这个体系能对各种变压器，线路，电容器和发动机的各种错误做出精确响应，并且它也有较高的测量精度和有利的控制能力。
关键字：PCI总线, 网络装置总线，Morlet复小波，微机控制器，继电保护和监控系统1．介绍随着电力系统的发展，继电保护装置不仅应能保证电气装备操作的安全性和电力系统的瞬时稳定性，也应该考虑当电力网被相互连接用于防止密集的联锁线路和在明显故障后系统塌陷时，也应该考虑所有的保护装置的调统和配合。
那么数字保护技术、测试和控制、总线和电力监视与完全分发的结构被结合构成一个继电保护和监控系统。
它是一个综合的自动化分站以替代数字中心控制设备的新的理想计划。
与常规的ISA和STD总线相比，PCI总线有较高的传送速度( 132M频带宽度)的优点，支持突然中止和发挥功用、切断共享和较大的地址空间。
PCI总线已替代ISA和STD总线，已经成为计算机总线的标准。
区域总线有许多种类，网络装置是基于CAN技术的一种区域总线并且已经成为国际标准、欧洲标准和中国的标准。
它采取短消息框架并且有非摧毁总线仲裁技术和有利的故障鉴别和抗干扰的能力。
它能构成一个多主的多余系统并且能支持分布控制和实时控制。
它还是一个开放的、低价格和高效率控制网络，这对电力系统是适宜的。
在继电保护和监控系统中，电压、电流、功率和其它电参数中是需要获取的。
完波傅里叶重积分算法是计算基本和协调元件振幅经典的算法。
但是，当电力网的频率被改变，这种算法有很大的误差。
然而，短窗Morlet复小波有更好的连续特性和稳定性，它的计算结果少受频率频繁改变的影响。
因而，PCI网络装置卡和短窗Morlet复小波的应用能改进分站和电力系统自动化的水平。
PCI网络装置卡的驱动器和用户监督程序是体系主节点设计的主要任务。
驱动程序被微机驱动器编辑，用户监督程序被Visual C+ -- 6.0 MFC编辑。
2. 系统的全部项目根据IEC与TC-57的标准，分站的设备可划分为分站层，分发控制设备层和生产过程层。
基于这个标准，本文所描述的分发的继电保护和监控系统的图形块在图表一中显示。
分站层包括主层，备用层和PCI网卡。
主层和备用主层是构成一个多主的多余系统以及改进体系的稳定性和抗干扰的能力的主节点。
主节点是对当地监测、控制和信号传送的关键设备。
它能监控所有的保护和监控装置并且与远方的发出和控制中心进行交流。
分布式的控制设备层包括保护和监控单元(从属节点), 它能实现保护、测量的功能并且控制变压器、线路、电容器和发动机的操作功能。
它也能实现与主节点通信的功能。
分站层通过网络总线与分布式的控制设备层连接着。
这个体系是一个新的全分发式的继电保护和监控系统。
其应用能简化分站自动系统的结构并且减少系统的价格。
3.系统主节点的设计主节点主要功能包括:(1)与从属节点进行通信，同时实现和远程控制、远程测量、远程通信和与所有的从属节点的远程管理。
(2)图表显示、报告印刷、数据处理、转换操作和参量设置。
转换操作和参量设置只有在口令被证实之后才能做。
(3) 基于电力系统网络的稳定性，每一从属节点的调和合作才得以实现。
(4)与远方的发出和控制中心进行交流并且通过远方的发出和控制中心进行管理和控制。
主节点和从属节点间的主要交流内容包括:(1)经过初始化之后，主节点对每一个从属节点进行询问和寻址（对从属节点寻址)(2)主节点设置时间与从属节点同步(时间广播)(3)在制定第一步和第二个步之后，从每一个从属节点按顺序收集使用者的基准(远程测量，远程通信和按顺序记录事故，收集充足的基准)(4)主节点根据要求传送遥控命令(行动类型和行动时间)或者远方管理基准(放置每一个保护和监控单元的参数)。
(5)上面的通信过程可能被主节点或者从属节点的事件所中断，主节点的事件可能被传送或者被基准要求所需要。
使从属节点所需的事件大多数随远方通信改变。
主节点的设计主要包括PCI网卡的设计以及其微机驱动器和监控程序的发展。
其微机驱动器和监控程序的发展是工作的重点和难点。
3.1 PCI网卡的硬件设计PCI网卡被用于连接个人电脑和网络总线的底部装置网。
现在设计PCI卡有两种方法：1.采取一般的接口芯片，诸如S5933、PCI9052或者PIX9054； 2.采取微型控制器和CPLD/FPGA 以构建PCI总线接口。
第一种方法很少涉及PCI总线操作并仅仅需要处理当地总线接口，它是较简单的并且在设计中能节约时间。
第二种方法根据其卡定制一些功能及其设计更灵活。
但是，它必须遵守PCI总线的标准。
设计的难度越大，其设计的周期就越长。
本文采取第一种方法，即采取PCI9052来构成PCI总线接口。
其硬件方块图在图片2中显示。
PCI9052是DLX生产的PCI总线接口芯片具有很高的性能，并且能被使于低价格的接头中。
在这张PCI网卡中，其主要功能是提供PCI总线和网络总线之间的转换桥梁。
SJA1000被用来作为CAN控制器和地址/数据再利用方式被采取去连接PCI9052。
与非重复使用方式相比较，这方式能节省费用并且能改进卡的操作速度，PCA82C250被采用作为CAN收发机以实现TTL和总线水平之间的转化。
93C546被采用作为连续的EEPROM，并且PCI9052就是通过它来下载配置信息。
这两个付余的网络通信通道在设计中被采用。
主节点能选择相应的渠道，可方便地被转换。
进而卡的可靠性得以提高，电力供应隔离和图片电隔离技术被采用，以减少波动的影响和由错误造成的危害。
3.2 PCI网卡的软件开发为了安全，自从Windows2000以来的微软操作系统保护大多数进入硬件的相关信息。
在ring3层的用户应用程序不能直接进入硬件，并且中断服务不能特殊地被提供。
硬件仅能通过在ring0层运行的设备驱动器进入,设备的驱动程序应该实现硬件功能,而且应提供特殊的API功能资料库,以构建适应自身硬件驱动方式的用户应用计划。
最终的用户功能必须实现其驱动器程序。
进而，发展驱动器程序是PCI网卡软件的首要任务。
微机驱动器是由美国人的KRF技术提供开发的成套元件的驱动程序。
一般的设备驱动程序如Windrvr.vxd和Windrvr.sys都是其主要的功能模组。
他们包括一个码发生器-微机驱动器Wizard，一个微机驱动器利用两个公共程序pci_scan.exe和pci_dump.exe的成套装置。
驱动程序与微机驱动器发展起来可以移植到Windows95、98、NT、2000和XP [ 7 ]中。
因此，本文采用微机驱动器作为驱动程序的发展工具。
周期征询方式简单地访问硬件，但是它不能适应需要实时的情况，因此它能仅仅是助手方式而已。
这种卡的驱动程序采用的驱动方式是由硬件中断引导的，它能满足适时的要求，并且能使用户监督程序有较大的灵活性。
PCI网卡的驱动程序的发展过程:(1) 建造特殊的应用程序接口功能库。
首先，在驱动路径中建一个驱动程序，驱动路径能识别PCI网卡的配置空间，自动在93CS46中建立，同时它允许用户在其输入输出口空间或者记忆空间做读写测试。
其次，访问者(中断控制/状态访问者)应该设计这种设备以分配中断数字到它那，用以监控中断情况。
PCI9052的输入输出地址作为访问者在驱动路径中被跟踪并且当编辑中断信息时与中断响应建立关系。
当响应时访问者写入0，在xxx_IntEnable ( )功能主体中，驱动路径能自动地隶属于一群传输需求码，它能使中断水平变低。
在中断在中断等待函数中被捕捉之后，在访问中断处理过程中，微机驱动器能清楚地意识到被PCI 网卡造成的硬件中断。
此时，中断能确切地被响应。
在上述构形之后，微机路径能根据被使用者选择的程序语言(例如VC )创造特殊的应用程序接口函数库。
函数库能实现中断处理、存储器直接存取传送、输入-输出操作、存储器绘图及突然中断和方便地发挥作用。
(2) 建造PCI网卡的驱动程序是基于被中断引导的方式。
为了实现PCI网卡的实时数字通信，被中断引导的方式和被直接读写输入输出口空间帮助的方式被采取。
这种卡的中断服务程序的主要功能是处理网络总线的交流任务。
来自PCI网卡的中断包括：接受中断、溢出中断和误差中断。
一旦误差中断发生，网络控制器将处于重新设置的状态，而主节点不能与从属节点交流，它必须在用户中断服务程序中重新设置工作状态。
溢出中断处理必须与接受中断处理和网络控制状态访问者的溢出字节相结合，这是一个循环的过程。
接受中断是自然中断，它从接受缓冲装置阅读基准并且释放接受缓冲装置。
卡的中断服务程序的流量图在图3中显示。
使用微机驱动器的设备驱动程序的发展具有较短的发展周期、高性能、便携式和易分配等优点。
用户监督程序的发展是PCI网卡的软件开发的重要任务并且继电保护和监控系统发展的关键。
网络持续使用物质层的CAN协议和数据连接层标准。
然而，它限制不同的消息格式、总线仲裁机制、故障诊断及它本身的方法和应用层标准。
基于领悟网络协议，Visual C+ 6.0多功能控制被用来编辑这个体系的监控程序。
它包括六种模件：初始化模件、体系监控模件、数据管理模件、体系构形模件、控制模件和帮助模件。
初始化模件的主要任务是根据由体系构形模件和一些体系规则所设置的通信参量来构成PCI网卡的寄存器，那么PCI网卡能根据规则处于工作或者关闭状态下。
体系监控模件为实时提供好的接口和检查定量的历史趋势。
数据管理模件根据指定的形式(例如DPF形式)来阅读数据。
体系构形模件构成运算子参量，通信参量，监督种类和检验方式的灵活性、控制模件实现主节点的可选择性的控制策略。
帮助模件提供帮助性的必要信息。
来自网络总线的PCI网卡接受各种各样的数据，它们被捕捉到用户中断服务程序并且在盘文件中以DBF 格式保存。
用户监督程序能阅读盘文件并获取监控数据。
如果使从属节点需要被控制或选中，微机特殊的应用程序接口函数被用来写PCI网卡的输入/输出口。
本文中的监控程序用可取的图片操作接口，人机相互作用环境和高数据通信能力，能完成所有的任务配备令人满意的可取的控制策略。
4.体系从属节点的设计为了减少分站自动体系的复杂性并且改进继电保护和监控系统的持续能力，每一保护和监控装置采用统一的硬件层和系统设计。
监控与数据采集系统-电力系统专业英语
d. Indications with memory capable of storing single or multiple changes of status that occur between scans. e. Control without indication of a device. Examples are tap-changing transformers (tap position is brought to the master by telemetering means) and raise-lower control of generator load. f. Set-point control to provide a set-point reference to a controller located at a remote. (3) Data acquisition including recording or displaying: a. Analog quantities. Examples are AC watts, vars, volts and amperes. b. Kilowatt-hour data from digital pulses. c. Digital data such as levels that are digitalized by external devices and read digitally by the SCADA equipment.
因为“微机”的定语很长，若保持被动语气，主语和宾语距离太远，句 子结构不紧凑。
Translation Skill
被动句的翻译
3、译为无主句
对it ……ed that……结构，可以译为无主句 It must be realized that high transmission voltage results in the increased cost of transformers. 必须认识到，高的输电电压不会引起变压器成本的提高。 其他情况： whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another. 凡做功，都是把能量从一种形式转换成另一种形式。
分析变电站归纳自动化体系怎么安全运转中英文
分析变电站归纳自动化体系怎么安全运转中英文Analysis of substation automation system how to safe operation of induction变电站归纳自动化体系对变电站内的设备进行一致的监控、办理，与电网调度自动化体系进行实时信息沟通、信息同享，前进了电网的安全安稳水平，确保了变电站的经济运转。
变电站归纳自动化体系的安全运转直接决议了变电站的安全和安稳。
Substation automation system of substation induces the consistent monitoring, management, real-time information communication, information sharing and power grid dispatching automation system, forward security security level of power grid, to ensure that the economic operation of transformer substation. Safe operation of substation automation system induces direct decision of the substation safety and security.一、变电站归纳自动化的长处有：考试大论坛A substation automation, inductive strengths: the Forum1、操控和调理由核算机完结，削减了劳作强度，避免了误操作。
1, control and adjustment by the accounting machine end, reduced labor strength, avoid misoperation.2、简化了二次接线，全体规划紧凑，削减了占地面积，下降变电站建造投资。
变电站综合自动化名词
变电站综合自动化名词系统：通过执行规定功能来实现某一给定目标的一些相互关联单元的组合。
自动：在一个限定任务内自行动作(无需操作人员)。
自动化：采用自动装置改进设备以减少人的干预。
控制：在系统中，为某一特定目的而执行的操作。
在变电站中控制包括：断路器、隔离开关的操作，变压器分接头的调节、保护定值修改，特殊控制。
监控：通过对系统或设备进行连续或定期的监测来核实功能是否被正确执行，并使它们的工作状况适应于变化的运行要求。
自动控制：无需人去直接或间接操作执行装置的控制方式。
自动控制装置：由一个或多个继电器或逻辑元件组合在一起，预定完成某项规定自动化功能的设备。
自动切换装置：在变电站中按照规定的程序预定起动操作断路器和或隔离开关的自动控制装置。
信息：人们根据表示数据所用的约定而赋于数据的意义。
信息容量：调度中心、主站或子站可处理的各种远动信息的总和。
状态信息：双态或多态运行设备所处状态的信息。
监视信息：将子站设备的状态或状变传送到主站的信息。
事件信息：有关运行设备状态变化的监视信息。
遥信信息：指发电厂、变电站中主要的断路器和隔离开关的位置状态信号，重要继电保护与自动装置的动作信号，以及一些运行状态信号等。
遥控信息：指通过远程指令遥控发电厂或变电站中的各级电压回路的断路器、投切补偿装置、调节主变压器分头、自动装置的投入和退出、发电机的开停等。
通信：在信息源和受信者之间交换信息。
串行通信：两台设备之间(或称点对点之间)通过单一通道串行传输信息的一种方式。
并行通信：两台设备之间(或称点对点之间)通过多个通道并行传输信息的一种方式。
光纤通信：在光导纤维中传送信息的一种有线通信方式。
告警：当发生某些不正常状态，需提醒人们注意而使用的信息。
总告警：全部单独告警汇总成的告警。
成组告警：若干单独告警汇总成的告警。
遥测：指运用通信技术传输所测变量之值。
遥信：指对状态信息的远程监视。
遥控：指具有两个确定状态的运行设备进行的远程操作。
变电站综合自动化系统名词解释
变电站综合自动化系统名词解释系统：通过执行规定功能来实现某一给定目标的一些相互关联单元的组合。
自动：在一个限定任务内自行动作(无需操作人员)。
自动化：采用自动装置改进设备以减少人的干预。
控制：在系统中，为某一特定目的而执行的操作。
在变电站中控制包括：断路器、隔离开关的操作，变压器分接头的调节、保护定值修改，特殊控制。
监控：通过对系统或设备进行连续或定期的监测来核实功能是否被正确执行，并使它们的工作状况适应于变化的运行要求。
自动控制：无需人去直接或间接操作执行装置的控制方式。
自动控制装置：由一个或多个继电器或逻辑元件组合在一起，预定完成某项规定自动化功能的设备。
自动切换装置：在变电站中按照规定的程序预定起动操作断路器和或隔离开关的自动控制装置。
信息：人们根据表示数据所用的约定而赋于数据的意义。
信息容量：调度中心、主站或子站可处理的各种远动信息的总和。
状态信息：双态或多态运行设备所处状态的信息。
监视信息：将子站设备的状态或状变传送到主站的信息。
事件信息：有关运行设备状态变化的监视信息。
遥信信息：指发电厂、变电站中主要的断路器和隔离开关的位置状态信号，重要继电保护与自动装置的动作信号，以及一些运行状态信号等。
遥控信息：指通过远程指令遥控发电厂或变电站中的各级电压回路的断路器、投切补偿装置、调节主变压器分头、自动装置的投入和退出、发电机的开停等。
通信：在信息源和受信者之间交换信息。
串行通信：两台设备之间(或称点对点之间)通过单一通道串行传输信息的一种方式并行通信：两台设备之间(或称点对点之间)通过多个通道并行传输信息的一种方式光纤通信：在光导纤维中传送信息的一种有线通信方式。
告警：当发生某些不正常状态，需提醒人们注意而使用的信息。
[hide] 总告警：全部单独告警汇总成的告警。
成组告警：若干单独告警汇总成的告警。
遥测：指运用通信技术传输所测变量之值。
遥信：指对状态信息的远程监视。
遥控：指具有两个确定状态的运行设备进行的远程操作。
有关电力系统自动化中英文翻译资料
外文资料翻译Power System AutomationPower system integration is the act of communication data to, or among IED s in the I&C system and remote users. Substation integration refers to combining data from the IED′s local to a substation so that there is a s ingle point of contact in the substation for all of the I&C data. Poletop devices often communicate to the substation via wireless or fiber connections. Remote and local substation and feeder control is passed through the substation controller acting as a single point of contact. Some systems bypass the substation controller by using direct connections to the poletop devices, such as RTU s, protective relays, and controllers.Power system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via I&C devices. Substation automation refers to using IED data, control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power system devices. Since true substation automation relies on substation integration, the terms are often used interchangeably.Power system automation includes processes associated with generation and delivery of power. A subset of the process deal with delivery of power at transmission and distribution levels, which is power delivery automation. Together, monitoring and control of power delivery system in the substation and on the poletop reduce the occurrence of outages and shorten the duration of outages that do occur. The IED′s, communications protocols, and communications methods described in previous sections, work together as a system to perform power system automation.Though each utility is unique, most consider power delivery automation of transmission and distribution substation and feeders to include :Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA)-operatorsupervision and control;Distribution Automation-fault location, auto-isolation, auto-sectionalizing, and auto-restoration;Substation Automation-breaker failure, reclosing, battery monitoring, dead substation transfer, and substation load transfer;Energy Management System (EMS)-load flow, VAR and voltage monitoring and control, generation control, transformer and feeder load balancing;Fault analysis and device maintenance.System without automated control still have the advantages of remote monitoring and operator control of power system devices, which includes: Remote monitoring and control of circuit breakers and automated switches;Remote monitoring of non-automated switches and fuses;Remote monitoring and control of capacitor banks;Remote monitoring and voltage control;Remote power quality monitoring and control.IED s described in the overview are used to perform power system integration and automation. Most designs require that the one IED act as the substation controller and perform data acquisition and control of the other IED s. The substation controllers is often called upon to support system automation tasks as well. The communications industry uses the term client/server for a device that acts as a master, or client, retrieving data from some devices and then acts as a slaver, a server, sending this data to other devices. The client/server collecting and concentrating dynamically. A data concentrator creates a substation databases by collecting and concentrating dynamic data from several devices. In this fashion, essential subsets of data from each IED are forwarded to a master through one data transfer. The concentrator databases is used to pass data between IED s that are not directly connected.A substation archive client/server collects and archives data from several devices. The archive data is retrieved when it is convenient for the userto do so.The age of the IED s now in substations varies widely. Many of these IED s are still useful but lack the most recent protocols. A communications processor that can communicate with each IED via a unique baud rate and protocol extends the time that each IED is useful. Using a communications processor for substation integration also easily accommodates future IED s. It is rare for all existing IED s to be discarded during a substation integration upgrade project.The benefits of monitoring, remote control, and automation of power delivery include improved employee and public safety, and deferment of the cost of purchasing new equipment. Also, reduced operation and maintenance costs are realized through improved use of existing facilities and optimized performance of the power system through reduced losses associated with outages and improved voltage profile. Collection of information can result in better planning and system design, and increased customer satisfaction will result from improved responsiveness, service reliability, and power quality.Power system automation includes a variety of equipment. The principal items are listed and briefly described below.Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage. They are physically connected to power system apparatus and convert the actual power system signals, which includes high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels.Transducers convert the analog output of an instrument transformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage.As the name implies, a remote terminal device, RTU, is an IED that can be installed in a remote location, and acts as a termination point for filed contacts. A dedicated pair of copper conductors are used to sense every contract and transducer value. These conductors originated at the power system device, are installed in trenches or overhead cable trays, and are then terminated on panels within the RTU. The RTU can transfer collected data to other devices andreceive data and control commands from other device through a serial port. User programmable RTUs are referred to as “smart RTUs.”A communication switch is a device that switches between several serial ports when it is told to do so. The remote user initiates communications with the port switch via a connection to the substation , typically a leased line or dial-up telephone connection. Once connected, the user can route their communication through the port switch to one of the connected substation IEDs. The port switch merely “passes through” the IED communication.A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurement of power system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create historical information about the activity of the power system.A digital fault recorder ,is an IED that records information about power system disturbances. It is capable of storing data in digital format when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs.Load tap changer are devices used to change the tap position on transformers. These devices work automatically or can be controlled via another local IED or form a remote operator or process.Recloser controllers remotely control the operation of automated reclosers and switches. These devices monitor and store power system conditions and determine when to perform control actions. They also accept commands form a remote operator or process.电力系统自动化电力系统集成是在I&C系统中的IED和远程用户之间进行数据通信的操作。
电气工程及自动化专业外文翻译--无人值班变电站与变电站自动化
外文原文：Unattended substation and substation automation The development of automatic reclosing made the unattended substation practical .Automatic operation ,without the continuous presence of an attendant(operator),was first tried on the synchronous converter substations supplying an interurban electric railway i n 1914.In the early 1920s,the development of automatic reclosing ,protective relays ,and means for automatic control of voltage made it possible for ac substations to be completely automatic .During the period when the substations had to be controlled manually ,it was necessary that they handle enough power to justify the operator`s wages .This dictated large stations ,frequently serving large areas by means of many feeders .The feeders that served the more distant parts of an area had to go a long way before they picked up any load .Furthermore ,as the load on a large substation grows ,transformer capacity has to be added .This increases the short-circuit current on the secondary side sometimes the short-circuit capacity exceeds the interrupting capacity of the circuit breakers already installed .Appropriate remedies include bus sectionalizing ,the installation of reactors or some combination of the two .Such measures are frequently expensive and inconvenient and they constitute an undesirable limitation on operating flexibility.Once the unattended substation became a reality ,the substation could be made smaller .Located nearer the load ,and long feeders were no longer necessary .This new method of distribution had become available since load growth could now be accommodated by installinganother substation that could carry parts of the area loads formerly carried by adjacent substations .Usually ,there is no interconnection between the circuits energized by the various substations .Consequently ,there is no increase in short-circuit severity .however ,at the distribution level ,tie switches are used to switch feeders or feeder sections between transformers in the same station or to adjacent substations for substation transformer load management.Automatic control has been applied to larger and larger substations ,and to many hydroelectric generating stations .It is also used on individual circuits and equipment in many attended stations .For example ,even in many stations where an operator is on duty ,outgoing overhead feeders are controlled by automatic reclosing relays .Under some circumstances ,it may be impractical to make a station completely automatic .These circumstances could exist because of technical ,economic ,or safety considerations .A station need not be attended even though it is not fully automatic ,it is possible to control a station from another location ,such as a larger attended station or the system operating office .This can be done by means of supervisory control(a form of remote control).By means of a SCADA system ,an operator at a dispatch center can cause operations such as the opening and closing of breakers ,the starting and stopping of condensers ,and the changing of the taps on transformers with load tap changer .The operator can receive an indication that the operation has been completed .All of this can be done over a voice-grade communication channel .Itis the use of voice-grade ,two-way communication channels that distinguishes supervisory control from direct-wire remote control ;The latter requires one direct-wire circuit for each control from direct-wire remote control ;The latter requires one direct-wire circuit for each controlled device .SCADA equipment supplements automatic control .All of the protective relays and most of the control relays required for automatic control are also necessary when supervisory control is used .Only the initiating devices may be different or omitted .For example a fully automatic synchronous condenser is started and stopped by an initiating device responsive to voltage or current or both .In addition ,there are many protective and control relays .If the condenser is to be controlled by supervisory control ,all the other devices are still necessary ,and only the initiating devices can be omitted.With the recent revolution in microelectronic performance and costs ,digital automation systems are now being developed for power systems .These automation systems provide an integrated systems concept for protection ,control ,and monitoring functions .The approach utilizes distributed microprocessor-based modules located within the substations and ort on the transmission and distribution system .This provides protection and control decisions out on the system where the data is located .By automatic transmission and distribution systems ,major benefits will be obtained .There include greater utilization of existing facilities ,reduction of communication requirements ,deferral of major system investments ,optimized operations and maintenance ,improved system reliability ,more efficient-systemoperation through lower losses and rapid restoration of service after a fault the functions implemented by using this integrated systems approach include :Transmission automation functions and distribution substation and feeder automation functions.The transformer substation automation and unmanned on duty are the popular topics that the charged barbed wire net adjusts one degree automation realm nowadays, its development power head is just on the up.The abroad has a kind of standpoint to think, the person is subjected toenvironment,motion,personality,disease...etc. many factor influence easily, so oneself be a not dependable factor.Really there aren't a few troubles to being cause by the artificial mistake operation of, seeing from this angle, no man the on duty really can raise to circulate credibility.For example ZHENG4 ZHOU DI4 adjust as early as 1959 to start adopt the remote control technique, more than 30 in the last yearseses never take place a mistake operation;Again if after power supply bureau in Shenzhen carry out a transformer substation no man on duty, mistake operation the trouble rate lowered 60%.The transformer substation automation is at the calculator technique and the network correspondence technical foundation up develop.The abroad has already had the dispersion type transformer substation automation to publish in 80's, taking Siemens(SIEMENS) company as an example, that company the 1st whole dispersion type transformer substation automation LSA678 as early as 1985 circulates in the German Hanover devotion, the transformer substation that go to various electric voltage grade that 1993beginning of years have already had more than 300 systems in Germany and Europe circulate.The transformer substation automation the work start of the our country to compare with night,, about since 90's, the beginning start the stage mainly develops with produce a concentration type of transformer substation automation, example type DISA-1 the ［ is one ］ , type BJ-1 the ［ is 2 ］s, types iES-60ses, A XWJK-1000 types, etc.s FD-97.Start develop dispersion the type transformer substation automation in mid 90's, such as the types DISA-2s, type DISA-3 ［ 3, 4 ］s, BJ-F3s, type CSC-2000 the ［ is 5 ］s, DCAP3200 typeseses, FDK type etc., compared with the foreign advanced level have a margin about for 10 years.Many high school,research units,the manufactory house and programming design,the seting up with circulate section at study and draw lessons from abroad forerunner technical of in the meantime, is combine the actual circumstance joint effort of the our country to continue to develop to match more our country the transformer substation automation ［ of the state of the nation 3, 4, 6-12 ］s.Can anticipate, it will development and expansion from now on of speed would more and more quick, with abroad of the margin will contract gradually.One,the transformer substation categorize:Transformer substation's press the electric voltage grade can is divided into the high pressure,extra high voltage,high pressure and medium low pressure especially is 4.Especially high pressure transformer substation:1 000 KV, 750 kVs;Extra high voltage transformer substation:500 KV, 330 kVs;High pressure transformer substation:220 KV, 110 kVs, 35 kVs;Medium low-pressure transformersubstation:(call to go together with the electricity station again)10 The kV and following electric voltage grade.The transformer substation presses in the position in the charged barbed wire net can is divided into the vital point station,the terminal station with to turn 3 of stand.The vital point stand:In the charged barbed wire net regardless is the net, a structure still a burden levels all are placed in prominent position;The terminal stand:Only the high pressure enters line, locating the circuit bitter end of the charged barbed wire net;Win to turn a station:There are 2 road high pressures to enter line, locate the circuit middle.Transformer substation's press the control method can is divided in to gather to control a station(again call a base a station) and be controled a station.(call son a station again)The former is adjusted one degree center control, and as to it's the surroundings son station take to have already adjusted one degree operation mission;The latter and the terminal station are similar, but be placed in the wreath form charged barbed wire net probably in Two,BE gather to control the station control:The transformer substation presses to circulate mode demarcation to turn on duty for someone:This is the most familiar movement mode currently;Unmanned on duty:Have no fixed movement on duty a personnel, reserve only individual guard personnel, be responsible for station inside of safe security work and the trouble abnormality circumstance of urgent processing;No man value guard:No man of the real meaning station, at some flourishing west nation, if the United States,Canadian etc. is more familiar.Three,concentrate to go together with to hold mode:This kind of mode the application is the most in currently the domestic lately set up the transformer substation, and have already obtained more mature movement experience.The product of the greatly parts of factory house all belongs to this kind, among them applied have types DISA-3s,type BJ-1s,iESs,A XWJK-1000 etc.s morely.That mode and traditional mode compare, the biggest differentiation lie in RTU remote control,signal,measure,electric powercharge,correspondence etc. the function difference set hold, but from 1 or 2 control unit always through a string to go the correspondence with each function unit(hold a cabinet) and the tiny machine protection and break down to record correspondences, such as wave and the place of honor machine...etc..(see figure 3)Its characteristics is control,protect two greatest functions as a whole to consider, two back track designs greatly for simplify. Four,whole dispersion types:That mode the main characteristics take a main equipments,such as switch,transformer,female line etc., as to install unit, control,I/O,shut the unit dispersions, such as lock and protection...etc., install right on the spot on a main equipments(hold a cabinet).The station controls unit(control in the lord indoor) to go and the one for each equipments to hold a cabinet(on the spot) to connect with each other through a string, and adjust one degree center correspondence with the place of honor machine and far-away place.Concrete implement again is divided into 2 kinds of modes:Protect opposite independence, control to unite as one with diagraph, if SIEMENS etc. the product of thecompany;Protect,the control and diagraph unite as one, such as ABB, GE, the MERLIN GERIN etc. the product of the company.The SIEMENS LSA678 systemses are the typical models that the adoptions protect opposite and independent mode, having already had several hundred sets movement experience in the whole world, having already hadn't a few applied solid examples as well in the domestic in the last few years.(for example Suzhou Singapore industrial park,LIU3 ZHOU power supply bureau in Guangxi...etc.)The local factory house also releases whole dispersion type systems successively in recent years, such as the DISA-2, BJ-F3, CSC-2000, DCAP3200 etc.s(see figure 4), this mode the more suitable for request save to cover the area and two situations of electric cables, for example the city(downtown) transformer substation.The part dispersion type:This mode synthesized the characteristics of the concentrated type and dispersion type, adopting dispersion a type of system structure, but control to concentrate to go together with to hold with protection ually go together with concentration to hold to install in the dispersion of the equipmentssmallly.Equipments small at an equipments neighborhood, can establish several equipmentses according to the electric voltage grade and scale of the transformer substation small, manage nearby, economical electric cable.This mode can used for various transformer substation of electric voltage grade, being applicable to the 500 kVs and the large 220 kV station particularly.This kind of product contain DISA-3, FDK, etc.s iES-70.(see figure 5) Five,the development strategy:In the concrete implement process of the transformer substation automation, have a different implement method because of being influence by the existing profession division of labour and management system:A kind of assertion station inside supervise and control to take move(RTU) far as a data to collect with the foundation for control, correspond of the equipments also adjusts a degree by charged barbed wire net to change into foundation automatically, protecting opposite independence;Another a kind of then lay claim to a station inside supervise and control to take protect(tiny machine protection) as a data to collect with the foundation for control, the protection and control,measure to combine together, there is already this product in domestic, if etc.s CSC-2000.The latter is become a kind of development trend and consensus, so design,manufacturing,circulate and manage a section and break professional boundary, carry out integral whole to turn gradually.This is a necessity to the 110 kVs and following transformer substation.Perfectly right, current movement system,personnel from the our country equipment,profession division of labour to see, the former occupies bigger advantage doubtless.Design from the programming regardless,research manufacturing,install to adjust to try and circulate a maintenance etc. everyone's noodles, control and protect two dissimilarity profession for being all independent mutually, so the former matches the our country state of the nation more.And then because of hard provide clearer interface of trouble analysis and processing but still is circulate not easily a section to accept at that time.But install again from the developmenttrend,the technique rationality and the decreaseequipments,simplification maintenance workload etc. the aspect consider, the latter again have it the superiority.The angle flowed from the information see, theprotection(include break down to record an etc.) is with the control,measure of information sources all come from the spot TA, the TV measures exportation two times, just requesting a dissimilarity.The breakdown abnormality appearance information protected to mainly collect an equipments, request TA, the TV measures scope to compare breadth, usually according to 1000% sums settle value consideration, but measure accuracy to have lower request, the error margin is above 3%.But the control and diagraph mainly collect the movement appearance information, requesting TA, the TV measure the scope is more narrow, usually Be measuring a sum settle the value neighborhood motion, have certain request to the diagraph accuracy, measure an error margin a request at 1% in. The control that always control(CPU) unit to receive to come from the place of honor machine(the region) or far-away place directly outputs an order, can act to the protection operation back track directly after the school pit of the necessity, the province goes to controls from a distance exportation and control from a distance a performance etc. link, simplify an equipments, raise credibility.See from no man on duty angle, not only request to simplify a lord to connect the line and main equipments, but also request to simplify two back tracks and equipments, so the protection and control, measure of the integral whole turn to be advantageous tosimplifying an equipments and reduce a daily maintenance workload, to 110 kVs and the following is a 10 kVs to go together with the electricity station particularly, in addition to the voltmeter fee,power always adds etc. have diagraph accuracy to request but the beard connect the measurement TA, TV outside, other measurements make surveillance to circulate the work condition only it use, completely can with protection TA, the TV suitable for use.Can share on area net(LAN) various information of the bureau in addition, control,measure etc. all need not install each from of the data collect hardware.The control of the normal regulations hold,the information hold,imitate to hold etc. cancel may also. The transformer substation automation and no man turn on duty an implement of circulate the mode, being decided by the credibility of the equipments to a large extent.The equipments that points here not only is automate an equipments, more important electricity main equipments.Suggests the supervisor section draws up the relevant equipments manufacturing and connect oscular norm standard according to the characteristics of the transformer substation automation.Automating an equipments a manufacturer should and electricity the main equipments manufacturer strengthen a cooperation, providing a technique to unite as one of product, with convenience design,circulate a section to choose a type.Amount of logarithms the more 10 kVs go together with the electricity station, because of connecting line simple, have lower request towards protect oppositely, in order to simplify an economical investment of equipments, the suggestion is completed the circuit protection and double female line by RTU to cutover(have from hurl) etc. the protection function.Need in the RTU software to increase a protection to circulate judgment function for this, such as back up power supply from hurl function, can pass to carry out towards corresponding female line segment to lose to press to judge with the logic of the related switch appearance signal come.The transformer substation will automate from now on of the movement mode will turn on duty from no man, someone the value guard gradually toward no man a value to guard a transition.So the seeing a warnning technique(fire prevention,guard againsttheft,defend ,the waterproof vapor leak and the far-away place keep watch on etc.) and will emerge with the tide of the times, and get a quick development.Because the calculator and the network correspond by letter a technical development, RTU/LTU inside the station or protection supervision unit will get to the Internet directly, passing the network and the backstage machine(the place of honor machine) and the work station correspondence.Cancel traditional of placed the processing machine link ago, removed the correspondence"bottleneck" phenomenon thus and thoroughlySix,conclusion:a. To the extra high voltage transformer substation and the 220 kVs, the 110 kV vital point station or gather to control a station to say, proper adoption someone on duty of automation mode, still proper adjust a degree by charged barbed wire net to change into foundation automatically, protect opposite independence.But be subjected to the 110 kVs and the following to control a station,theterminal station, especially the 10 kVs go together with an electricity to stand proper doption no man on duty mode, change into foundation automatically in the programming the design the hour can the consideration with the station, then protection and control and measure the integral whole turn of project, the local function can simplify to go to cancel, generation it has a conversation window way function by person's machine of the front-panel.b. Whole dispersion type the transformer substation automations are a new topics, the manufactory house and base that need to program a design,a equipments,two equipmentses and automation equipments set up,install,circulate a section to match with closely, the orchestration arrangement.Because domestic and a manufacturing craft,material,structure of equipments and protection,control,measure unit to descend quakeproof after put,defend interference and use environment, etc. all exists a problem, should give a full value, and open an exhibition expansion work actively and steadily.c. Design the top of the manufacturing should insure to have an equipments to defend mistake operation measure,protective region and the far-away place hurl to slice(soft press plank),modify whole settle a value,return to an au to equip and the region and far-away place control to operate an equipments of ability, and promise the far-away place and control in the region, allow an an among those kinds of mode in same time valid.d.To the transformer substation automation of the whole dispersions types, it is proper to choose to use the LAN method, especially equal network, such as the total line type(lie thequality share) net, each nodes on the net the ability correspond by letter with any and other nodes directly, removing a lord thus and by the root from the bottleneck phenomenon in the way.Go together with to have another a wrong and high anti- voice of the main type CANnet net or LonWorks net and strong and carry many road of a wiretap an interview/the CSMA/CD method collide with, can add power for important information, promise the solid hour of[with] important information, raise the correspondence efficiency.e. Because the transformer substation automate the further expansion that the technical development and no man turn on duty the station movement mode, the profession of[with] protection and automation also Be permeating mutually, combine also gradually close, the original professional division of labour will break, causing a research,design thus,manufacturing,install and circulate a section of professional constitution,personnel equipment up of re- adjust a combination, with orientation protection,control,measure the integral whole turn of transformer substation automation mode.f. Suggest to greatly in particularly college the existing profession constitution do to correspond adjustment, for the convenience of in development since acquaint with to control charged barbed wire net to adjust a technical professional talented person of one degree automation again after the electricity protection.In the research design,make circulate management section and should also avoid a professional division of labour with gearing over thin,lack an orchestration consider of limit.中文译文：无人值班变电站与变电站自动化自动重合闸的研制使无人值班变电站得以实现。
变电站-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-变电站的综合概述教学内容
变电站-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-变电站的综合概述英文翻译A comprehensive overview of substationsAlong with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life.Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。
变电站综合自动化数据采集及传输系统设计英文翻译
PCI网卡和短窗Morlet复小波在继电保护和监控系统中的应用摘要: 使用可编程通信接口（PCl）网卡和短窗Morlet复小波算法与数字保护技术、测试和控制技术、多总线技术和电功率监视技术结合，一个新的全分布式的继电保护和监控系统得以发展。
PCI 网卡硬件的设计方法与其驱动器和监控程序的发展过程一起被描述。
一种有差异过滤器与短窗Morlet复小波测量算法被用于计算基本的振幅与电流电压信号协调成分。
其计算的结果不受频率变化的影响, 每一保护和监控装置采取统一的硬件平台和系统设计，而后复杂性被减少，并且系统的维持性被改进。
网络测试、动力学模拟及在此域的测试结果表明这个体系能对各种变压器，线路，电容器和发动机的各种错误做出精确响应，并且它也有较高的测量精度和有利的控制能力。
关键字：PCI总线, 网络装置总线，Morlet复小波，微机控制器，继电保护和监控系统1．介绍随着电力系统的发展，继电保护装置不仅应能保证电气装备操作的安全性和电力系统的瞬时稳定性，也应该考虑当电力网被相互连接用于防止密集的联锁线路和在明显故障后系统塌陷时，也应该考虑所有的保护装置的调统和配合。
那么数字保护技术、测试和控制、总线和电力监视与完全分发的结构被结合构成一个继电保护和监控系统。
它是一个综合的自动化分站以替代数字中心控制设备的新的理想计划。
与常规的ISA和STD总线相比，PCI总线有较高的传送速度( 132M频带宽度)的优点，支持突然中止和发挥功用、切断共享和较大的地址空间。
PCI总线已替代ISA和STD总线，已经成为计算机总线的标准。
区域总线有许多种类，网络装置是基于CAN技术的一种区域总线并且已经成为国际标准、欧洲标准和中国的标准。
它采取短消息框架并且有非摧毁总线仲裁技术和有利的故障鉴别和抗干扰的能力。
它能构成一个多主的多余系统并且能支持分布控制和实时控制。
它还是一个开放的、低价格和高效率控制网络，这对电力系统是适宜的。
电气自动化专业英文词汇及缩写
电力系统power system发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current升压变压器step-up transformer母线bus变压器transformer空载损耗no-load loss铁损iron loss铜损copper loss空载电流no-load current有功损耗active loss无功损耗reactive loss输电系统power transmission system高压侧high side输电线transmission line高压high voltage低压low voltage中压middle voltage功角稳定angle stability稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer 交流AC直流DC电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station调节regulation高抗high voltage shuntreactor并列的apposable裕度margin故障fault三相故障three phase fault分接头tap切机generator triping高顶值high limited value静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power电容器Capacitor电抗器Reactor断路器Breaker电动机motor功率因数power-factor定子stator阻抗impedance功角power-angle电压等级voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad无功负载reactive load档位tap position电阻resistor电抗reactance电导conductance电纳susceptance上限upper limit下限lower limit正序阻抗positive sequenceimpedance负序阻抗negative sequenceimpedance零序阻抗zero sequenceimpedance无功（功率）reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current斜率slope额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器PT分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis下降率droop rate传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker摇摆swing阻尼damping无刷直流电机Brusless DC motor刀闸(隔离开关) Isolator机端generator terminal变电站transformer substation 永磁同步电机Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机Asynchronous Motor 三绕组变压器three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器double-column transformer DblClmnTrans固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流Magnetizing current 补偿度degree of compensation 电磁场:Electromagnetic fields失去同步loss ofsynchronization装机容量installed capacity无功补偿reactive powercompensation故障切除时间fault clearingtime极限切除时间critical clearingtime强行励磁reinforced excitation并联电容器shunt capacitor<下降特性droop characteristics线路补偿器LDC(line dropcompensation)电机学Electrical Machinery自动控制理论AutomaticControl Theory电磁场Electromagnetic Field微机原理Principle ofMicrocomputer电工学Electrotechnics电路原理Principle of circuits电机学Electrical Machinery电力系统稳态分析 Steady-State Analysis ofPower System电力系统暂态分析Transient-State Analysis ofPower System电力系统继电保护原理Principle ofElectrical System's RelayProtection电力系统元件保护原理 Protection Principle ofPower System 's Element电力系统内部过电压 PastVoltage within Power system模拟电子技术基础 Basis ofAnalogue Electronic Technique数字电子技术 DigitalElectrical Technique电路原理实验Lab. ofprinciple of circuits电气工程讲座 Lectures onelectrical power production电力电子基础Basicfundamentals of powerelectronics高电压工程 High voltageengineering电子专题实践Topics onexperimental project ofelectronics电气工程概论Introduction toelectrical engineering电子电机集成系统Electronicmachine system电力传动与控制Electrical Drive and Control电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying Protection 主变压器main transformer升压变压器step-up transformer降压变压器step-down transformer工作变压器operating transformer备用变压器standby transformer公用变压器common transformer三相变压器three-phase transformer单相变压器single-phase transformer带负荷调压变压器on-load regulating transformer变压器铁芯transformer core变压器线圈transformer coil变压器绕组transformer winding变压器油箱transformer oil tank变压器外壳transformer casing变压器风扇transformer fan变压器油枕transformer oilconservator(∽drum变压器额定电压transformer reted voltage变压器额定电流transformer reted current变压器调压范围transformer voltageregulation rage配电设备power distribution equipmentSF6断路器SF6 circuit breaker开关switch按钮button隔离开关isolator,disconnector真空开关vacuum switch刀闸开关knife-switch接地刀闸earthing knife-switch电气设备electrical equipment变流器current converter电流互感器current transformer电压互感器voltage transformer电源power source交流电源AC power source直流电源DC power source工作电源operating source备用电源Standby source强电strong current弱电weak current继电器relay信号继电器signal relay电流继电器current relay电压继电器voltage relay跳闸继电器tripping relay合闸继电器closing relay中间继电器intermediate relay时间继电器time relay零序电压继电器zero-sequence voltage relay 差动继电器differential relay闭锁装置locking device遥控telecontrol遥信telesignalisation遥测telemetering遥调teleregulation断路器breaker,circuit breaker少油断路器mini-oilbreaker,oil-mini-mum breaker高频滤波器high-frequency filter组合滤波器combined filter常开触点normally opened contaact常闭触点normally closed contaact并联电容parallel capacitance保护接地protective earthing熔断器cutout,fusible cutout电缆cable跳闸脉冲tripping pulse合闸脉冲closing pulse一次电压primary voltage二次电压secondary voltage并联电容器parallel capacitor无功补偿器reactive powercompensation device消弧线圈arc-suppressing coil母线Bus,busbar三角接法delta connection星形接法Wye connection原理图schematic diagram一次系统图primary system diagram二次系统图secondary system diagram两相短路two-phase short circuit三相短路three-phase short circuit单相接地短路single-phase ground shortcircuit短路电流计算calculation of short circuitcurrent自动重合闸automatic reclosing高频保护high-freqency protection距离保护distance protection横差保护transverse differential protection纵差保护longitudinal differential protection线路保护line protection过电压保护over-voltage protection母差保护bus differential protection 瓦斯保护Buchholtz protection变压器保护transformer protection电动机保护motor protection远方控制remote control用电量power consumption载波carrier故障fault选择性selectivity速动性speed灵敏性sensitivity可靠性reliability电磁型继电器electromagnetic无时限电流速断保护instantaneously over-currentprotection跳闸线圈trip coil工作线圈operating coil制动线圈retraint coil主保护main protection后备保护back-up protection定时限过电流保护definite time over-currentprotection三段式电流保护the current protection withthree stages反时限过电流保护inverse time over-currentprotection方向性电流保护the directional currentprotection零序电流保护zero-sequence currentprotection阻抗impedance微机保护Microprocessor ProtectionAGC Automatic GenerationControl 自动发电控制AMR Automatic MessageRecording 自动抄表ASS AutomaticSynchronized System 自动准同期装置ATS Automatic TransformSystem 厂用电源快速切换装置AVR Automatic VoltageRegulator 自动电压调节器BCS Burner Control System燃烧器控制系统BMS Burner ManagementSystem 燃烧器管理系统CCS Coordinated ControlSystem 协调控制系统CIS Consumer InformationSystem 用户信息系统CRMS Control RoomManagement System 控制室管理系统CRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管DA Distribution Automation 配电自动化DAS Data Acquisition System 数据采集与处理系统DCS Distributed Control System 分散控制系统DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制（系统）DEH Digital Electronic Hydraulic Control 数字电液(调节系统)DMS Distribution Management System 配电管理系统DPU Distributed Processing Unit 分布式处理单元DSM Demand Side Management 需求侧管理EMS Energy Management System 能量管理系统ETS Emergency Trip System 汽轮机紧急跳闸系统EWS Engineering Working Station 工程师工作站FA Feeder Automation 馈线自动化FCS Fieldbus Control System 现场总线控制系统FSS Fuel Safety System 燃料安全系统FSSS Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System 炉膛安全监控系统FTU Feeder Terminal Unit 馈线远方终端GIS Gas InsulatedSwitchgear 气体绝缘开关设备GPS Global PositionSystem 全球定位系统HCS Hierarchical ControlSystem 分级控制系统LCD Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示屏LCP Local Control Panel 就地控制柜MCC Motor Control Center（电动机）马达控制中心MCS Modulating ControlSystem 模拟量控制系统MEH Micro ElectroHydraulic Control System给水泵汽轮机电波控制系统MIS ManagementInformation System 管理信息系统NCS Net Control System网络监控系统OIS Operator InterfaceStation 操作员接口站OMS Outage ManagementSystem 停电管理系统PAS Power ApplicationSoftware 电力应用软件PID Proportion IntegrationDifferentiation 比例积分微分PIO Process Input Output过程输入输出（通道）PLC Programmable LogicalController 可编程逻辑控制器PSS Power SystemStabilizator 电力系统稳定器RTU Remote Terminal Unit站内远方终端SA Substation Automation变电站自动化SCADA SupervisoryControl And DataAcquisition 数据采集与监控系统SCC Supervisory ComputerControl 监督控制系统SCS Sequence ControlSystem 顺序(程序)控制系统SIS Supervisory InformationSystem 监控信息系统TDCS（TDC）Total DirectDigital Control 集散控制系统TSI Turbine SupervisoryInstrumentation 汽轮机监测仪表UPS Uninterrupted PowerSupply 不间断供电WMS Work ManagementSystem 工作管理系统。
SCADA系统.
第七节 SCADA系统一、SCADA系统概念SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)系统:即数据采集与监视控制系统。
远动系统:用电气化手段通过一个或多个相互连接（或非连接）的通道，对远方处于分散状态的生产过程的集中监测，控制和集中管理。
牵引供电SCADA系统是远动系统的一个典型应用SCADA系统由调度端、被控站及信道等组成。
调度端：设在电力调度所内完成远动对象的监控、数据统计及管理功能等；被控站:（RTU:Remote Terminal Unit）：受调度端监视的站称为被控站，被控站完成远动系统的数据采集、预处理，发送、接收及输出执行等功能；信道：远动信息传输的介质（通路）称为信道，可分为有线信道及无线信道。
SCADA信息的传输在信道中传输的远动信息分为上行信息和下行信息。
下行信息：从调度端发往被控站的信息称为下行信息（如下发遥控，遥调令），所有通道称为下行信道。
上行信息：从被控站发往调度端的信息称为上行信息（如被控站要上送的测量量，开关状态及事故信号等），所有信道称为上行信道。
远动系统信息传送方式分为两大类即循环方式（CDT）和查询（Polling）方式CDT方式（循环传送方式）：以被控站的远动装置为主，周期地采集数据，并且周期性地以循环的方式向调度端发送数据，即由被控端传送遥测、遥信量给调度端。
POLLING方式（查询传送方式）：以调度端为主。
由调度端发出查询命令，被控端按发来的命令工作，被查询的站向调度端传送数据或状态信息。
SCADA系统的工作方式：SCADA系统的工作方式有多种，可分为1：1工作方式，1：N工作方式及M：N工作方式。
1：N工作方式：指1个调度端对应N个被控站；M：N工作方式：指M个调度端对应着N个被控站。
牵引供电SCADA系统的类型:根据系统所采用的信道，被控站及调度系统的结构不同可有多种分类。
按信道结构分：传送信号是利用有线信道还是无线信道可分为有线和无线远动系统。