不定式的被动式的概念
非谓语动词 1.动词不定式 (上课用)改好
③.They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时， 不定式也表肯定意思， ①.She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. △在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表 “足以能…”， ①.He is strong enough to do the work . 4．不定式的复合结构（for sb. to do sth.),可 作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无 意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。 ①.I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）
②.He promised not to tell anyone about it. 他答应不告述任何人这事。 ③.I expect to see you tomorrow. ④.He offered to help us. ⑤.Do you want to visit the Great Wall? ⑥.Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 在含有不定式作宾语的复合宾语中常用it作形 式宾语而把不定式放后面. ①.I find it necessary to learn English well.
②.The teacher made me answer the question. ③.We watched them play football . 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时） 要带to. help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可 不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. ①. I was made to answer the question by the teacher ②.They were heard to sing a pop song . 5) 定语： 不定式作定语往往位于所修饰的名词，代词之后， 如：
动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动
A. to invent C. to have invented
B. inventing C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy C. heavy too much
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语） To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.
It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by …. 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。
this evening.
A. to be taken C. being taken
B. to take D. taking
7.There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
动词不定式的被动语态主 动表被动
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★ 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以 the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book __i_s_/_w__a_s_p_u_b_l_is_h_e_d____. 一般/过去将来时: The book ___w__il_l/_w__o_u_ld__b_e_p_u__b_li_sh_e_d___. The book ___is_/_w__a_s_g_o_in_g__t_o_b_e__p_u_b_li_s_h_e_d. 现在/过去进行时： The book ___i_s_/_w_a_s_b_e_i_n_g_p_u_b__li_sh_e_d_____. 现在/过去完成时: The book ___h_a_s_/_h_a_d__b_e_e_n_p_u_b__li_sh_e_d_____. 情态动词：
英语语法不定式
动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to+动词原形”, 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。
1，不定式做主语：（1）往往放在谓语的后面，句子则用引导词it作形式主语。
It is a great pleasure to talk with him. (2)在不定式的前面加一个由for引起的断语说明不定式表示的动作的执行者。
It is easy for the students to read.（3）在下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常需加由for引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况：kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, polite, naught.2,不定式作宾语及复合宾语：（1）有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语，常见动词有：want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend（假装）, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, prefer, intend. （2）有些及物动词常用一个连接代词（副词）加上动词不定式作宾语。
常见的动词有：tell, teach, advise, show, decide, discuss等等。
The teacher taught me how to pronounce the word again and again.（3)有些动词需要复合宾语，动词不定式在复合宾语中作宾语补足语。
常见动词有：ask, advise, allow, believe, call on(号召，请求), help, know, like, order, tell, persuade, permit, want.I asked my mother to buy a new bike for me. （4）有些动词的复合宾语中，动词不定时须省掉to，这样的动词有：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, have, feel, let, make, help.e.g. We wanted to have him come early.They saw the boys play volleyball on the ground after school.【注意】①help后面的 to可省掉，也可保留。
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳1. 一般来说，如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，动词不定式用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，动词不定式用被动式。
如：He gave orders for the work to be done at once. 他下令那项工作要立刻完成。
（“work”为动词不定式的逻辑主语，“to do”这个动作不是逻辑主语发出的，故动词不定式要用被动式）He ordered us to do the work at once. 他命令我们立刻完成那项工作。
（“us”为动词不定式的逻辑主语，“to do”这个动作是逻辑主语发出的，故动词不定式用主动式）2. 在“主语+ be + 形容词或某些名词+ 动词不定式”结构中，常可看作是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb 结构，故动词不定式用主动式。
如：The car is difficult (for us) to repair. 这辆汽车很难修理。
The book is great fun (for us) to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。
She is not easy (for us) to get along with. 她不大容易相处。
3. There be 结构后面的动词不定式用主动语态或被动语态均可；有时意义有所不同，应根据特定的语境来确定其形式。
如：There is a lot to do / to be done today. 今天有很多事要做。
There is nothing to do now. 现在没什么事可做。
There is nothing to be done now. 现在没有什么办法。
4. 动词不定式作定语时，如果句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，该动词不定式用主动式。
如：He has two letters to write tonight. 他今晚有两封信要写。
（“He”为动词不定式的逻辑主语）You have given me much to read. 你让我看的东西已经很多了。
不定式的时态和语态
一、非谓语动词的定义：非限定动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，因此也叫非谓语动词，包括动词不定式（the infinitive）、动名词(the gerund）、现在分词（the Present participle）、过去分词（the Past Participle）四种形式。
现把其用法辨析如下非谓语动词的句法作用（表一）二．非谓语动词的时态和语态：1．不定式的时态和语态（表二）（表三）（表四）通过上述几个表格的比较，我们可以知道四种非谓语动词的时态和语态形式，下面我们再总结一下：1．非谓语动词的否定式：一律直接在非谓语动词之前加not 即可。
例如：（1）The doctor advised me not to smoke.（2）I regret not having gone together with her.（3）Not having been there before, I don’t know the shortest way to the railway station.（4）Not educated well, he found it difficult to solve such a complicate problem.2．非谓语动词的完成式：不定式的否定式我们只要在原来不定式中的动词之前加have即可，然后把原来的动词变为它的过去分词即可，如to do→not have done. 而过去分词只有一种形式，即done.下面我们重点来看现在分词和动名词的完成形式。
现在分词和动名词完成形式是完全一样的，其变化规律是：一律在现在分词或动名词的一般式之前加having→having done，再把原来的现在分词或动名词变为它的过去分词。
如stud y →having studied3.非谓语动词的被动式：不定式的被动：看表二现在分词和过去分词的被动：看表三动名词的被动：看表四从第二点我们可以知道现在分词和过去分词都可以表被动，那么他们有什么区别？区别：现在分词的被动形式除了可以表示被动之外，还可以表示进行过去分词除了表示被动之外还可以表示完成例如：（1）The house being built now will be a hospital.(2) The house built last year is a hospital.下面我们重点讨论一下现在分词和过去分词在句子中的用法。
动词不定式的被动式 下列句子不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分
动词不定式的被动式下列句子不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分。
1. It’s an honour to be invited to the ceremony.2. She didn’t like to b e treated as a child.3. His dream was to be admitted to a good university.4. There are a lot of things to be discussed.5. She was sent there to be trained for the space flight. 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，用不定式的被动式。
不定式的被动式可以在句中作主语（如句1）、作宾语（如句2）、作表语（如句3）、作定语（如句4）、作状语（如句5）。
★不定式完成时的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。
如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. 他受到批评是件好事。
She preferred to have been given more important work to do. 她宁愿分给她的是更重要的工作。
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 她是第一位当选这个位置的妇女。
He is not likely to have been notified about it. 这事多半还没有通知他。
★在某些结构中不定式虽然表示被动含义，用的却是主动形式。
但在there be句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。
如：We still have many difficulties to overcome. 我们还有很多困难要克服。
Give him some books to read. 给他些书看。
英语不定式
概念：动词不定式一．动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。
这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。
二．动词不定式的形式和时态动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do例如：I like to read English.2．进行式to be doing例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3．完成式to have done例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4．被动式to be done例如：The work is to be done soon.5．完成被动式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.6.。
否定形式not to do例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.三．.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.（不定式作宾语）(2) How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语）注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(3) The question is when to go there. （不定式作表语）一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。
不定式的被动语态
progress. 8. No books are allowed _____(take) out of the room. 9. In order to ___(elect), Jack sent each of us a present.
4. I considered it an honor ____to study here.
5. He doesn’t like ______(treat) as a child 6. The picnic is to _____(put off) till next Sunday because
10. Do you have anything ___(say) on the question? 11. The bank is reported in the local newspaper to
_____(rob) in broad daylight yesterday. 12. He shut himself in the room so as not _____(disturb). 13. I keep writing my Blog. It’s fun to read and
1. The boy is said___ (treat)badly in the children’s home. That is why he escaped from there.
2. Mr. Johnson preferred ____(give)heavier work to do.
3. They appear ____(injure)in the accident.
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•不定式的被动式的概念：
如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式。
如：The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained.
•不定式被动式的用法：
一、基本形式：
不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；假设表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。
二、用法归纳：
不定式被动式在句中可以用作：
1、主语：
如：It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。
To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。
It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。
2、表语：
如：All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。
Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。
The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
3、宾语：
如：She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。
He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。
I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打搅。
They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。
4、定语：
如：I made notes of the things to be mended. 我记下了需要修补的东西。
The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。
5、状语：
如：He asked to be kept in formed about developments. 他要求随时向他报揭发展情况。
As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送饭时，很不耐烦。
She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。
6、宾语补足语：
如：He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。
He ordered the goods to be sent by air. 他命令把货物空运
7、主语补足语：
如：The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要关闭法庭。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不许将书携出室外。
8、用在“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构中。
如：It's an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。
It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。
It's impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。
The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room201. 这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去。
Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?
•动词不定式的被动式之注意点：
一、注意形式与功用：
不定式的被动式为“to be＋过去分词”，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动含义。
在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
如：It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。
I hope to be invited to the party. 我希望有人请我去参加晚会。
Have you got ready for the meeting to be held? 你为即将举行的会议准备好了吗？
In order to be chosen, he sent each of them a present.为了被选中，他给他们每人都送了礼物。
The problem seems to be solved soon. 问题好似快要解决了。
二、与不定式的主动式的比较：
1、表示义务的概念，句子的主语是要做的动作或接受动作的人或物时，要用不定式的被动式。
如：These sheets are to be washed. 这些床单要洗一洗。
The cleaning is to be finished by mid day. 要在中午前打扫完毕。
2、不定式作定语与被修饰词是主谓、动宾、同位等逻辑关系时，多用其主动式。
如：Where is the boy to speak at tomorrow's meeting?(=who will speak at tomorrow's meeting主谓关系) 明天要在会上发言的那个男孩在哪里？
I have got a letter to write.(=that I will write动宾关系，尤其谓语动词为have, give, bring等时) 我有封信要写。
Give me a pen to write with.(=that I can write with不及物动词加上相应的介词)给我一枝笔写。
注意：如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，应用不定式的被动式。
如：I'm going to the post office. Do you have any letters to be posted? 我要去邮局。
你有信要寄吗？〔动作执行者不是you〕
3、在there be结构中，用不定式的主动式和被动式意义一般差异不大，但有些还是有差异的。
如：There's a lot to be said (或to say) about this book. 关于这本书大有可说。
There is nothing to see. 没有什么可看的了。
There is nothing to be seen. 看不见有什么。
(即“什么也没看见”)
4、修饰作表语或宾补的形容词的不定式，常用主动式表示被动含义。
如：I don't think English hard to learn. 我认为英语不太难学。
三、双重被动结构有些被动结构后接不定式作宾语、宾语补足语等时，仍然含有被动含义，就得用双重被动结构：
如：The work is thought to be finished soon. 大家认为工作很快就完成了。
四、动作发生的时间不定式多表示未来动作或情况，其被动式也不例外，上述各例皆有表达，尤其是改为定语从句时多为将来时的被动语态。
另外我们还要注意以下两点：
1、表示被动关系时，当不定式的动作先于谓语时，可用不定式的被动式的完成时：to have been done；
与谓语同时进行时，要用不定式的被动式的进行时：to be being done。
如：The dead woman is said to have been badly treated. 据说死去的妇女受虐待。
Rain forests are reported to be being cut down rapidly. 据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。
2、不定式的主动式作含序数词的被修饰词语的定语时，可表示已完成的动作。
如：He was the first man to taste the tomato. 他是第一位品尝西红柿的人。
They were the last to leave the countryside.他们是最后一批离开农村的。