机械工程英语期末考试复习

机械工程英语期末考试复习
机械工程英语期末考试复习

The vertical turning and boring mill 立式车床和钻铣

Automatic lathes 自动车床

Longitudinal & transverse feed control 纵向和横向进给控制

infinitely variable spindle speed 无限可变转速

through hole 通孔bar stock 棒料engine lathe 普通车床

tapered 锥形的alignment 同轴性turret lathe 六角车床

twist drill 麻花钻screw thread 螺纹keyway 键槽

vertical 垂直machine tool 机床horizontal 水平

stress 应力strain 应变productivity生产力

torque转矩contour轮廓introduction导言

plastic deformation 塑性变形metal alloys 金属合金

Investment casting 熔模铸造Centrifugal Casting 离心铸造Powder consolidation粉末固化Sintering烧结

Rake angle前角Chip formation切削形成

汉译英

Engineering materials工程材料Heat treatment of metals金属热处理Casting process铸造工艺Forging process锻造工艺

Powder metallurgy粉末冶金Injection molding喷射模塑法

Metal cutting金属切削Grinding磨削

Lapping and polishing研磨和抛光Surface engineering表面处理

Lathe and turning车床和车削Drilling and milling钻和铣

1、Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility. Some metals, such as iron, cobalt(钴)and nickel are magnetic(adj. 有磁性的). At extremely low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds (金属间化合物) become superconductors.

金属元素通常是好的电和热导体,很多金属具有高强度,高硬度和好的延展性。一些金属材料,例如铁、钴和镍都具有磁性的。在极低的温度环境下,一些金属和金属化合物变成超导体。

2、Some alloys,such as those based on a aluminum,have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy.

某些金属合金,例如铝基合金,其密度低,可用于航空宇航工业,可节约燃料。

3、It is impossible to see through metals,since these valence electrons(价电子)absorb any photons(光子)of light which reach the metal.

透过金属不可能看得见,因为这些价电子吸收到达金属的光子。

4、Some of the useful properties of ceramics and glasses include high melting temperature. Low density,high strength, stiffness,hardness,wear resistance,and corrosion resistance.

高熔点、低密度、高强度、高刚度、高硬度、高耐磨性和抗腐蚀性是陶瓷和玻璃的一些有用特性。

5、Metal Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy.

合金包含超过一种金属元素。通过改变合金元素成分能改变他们的特性。

6、Heat treatment is the operation of heating and cooling a metal in its solid state to change its physical properties. According to the procedure used, steel can be hardened to resist cutting action and abrasion, or it can be softened to permit machining.

热处理是当金属在固体情况下加热和冷却金属去改变它的物理特性。根据使用的工艺过程,能增强增强金属的硬度以抗切削和磨损,或者能降低它的硬度以便于加工。

7、Alloy steel owe(决于)their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon namely nickel, chromium铬, manganese锰, molybdenum钼, tungsten钨, silicon硅, vanadium钒, and copper.

合金钢的性质取决于其所含有的除碳以外的一种或几种元素,如镍、铬、锰、钼、钨、硅、钒和铜。

8、Casting is a manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured or injected and allowed to solidify in a suitably shaped mold cavity.

铸造是把熔化的金属灌进或者注射到允许合适地洞模中制成一定凝固固化成型形状类型的制造业过程.

9、Sand casting is used to make large parts (typically Iron, but also Bronze, Brass, Aluminum). Molten metal is poured into a mold cavity formed out of sand (natural or synthetic).

砂型铸造被用来制做大零件((典型铁但是也青铜,黄铜,铝)。熔化了金属被把倒进一个从沙出来((天然的东西沙或者合成物)形成类型的洞沙模

10、The molten metal is centrifugally thrown towards the inside mold wall, where it solidifies after cooling.

用离心法将熔化的金属抛向模子的内壁,冷却后固化。

11、The casting is usually a fine grain casting with a very fine-grained有细密纹理的outer diameter, which is resistant to atmospheric corrosion, a typical situation with pipes.

通常在铸件的外径处材料晶粒非常细小,耐环境腐蚀,典型工件是管子

12、The inside diameter has more impurities and inclusions, which can be machined away.

铸件的内径处富含杂质,可被切除

13、Forging is an important hot-forming process. It is used in producing components of all shapes and sizes, from quite small items to large units weighing several tons.

锻造是一门很重要的热处理过程。它被用在所生产所有的形状和大小的成分方面,从很小的项目零件到重几吨的工件中

14、With proper design, the grain flow can be oriented in the direction of principal stresses encountered in actual use.

合适的设计可以使晶粒流动的方向与(该零件)实际使用时的主应力方向一致。

15、A piece of hot metal sufficient to slightly overfill the die shape is placed in the bottom die, and the top die is forced against it, so that the metal takes the internal shape of the die.

将一块大小足以充填模腔并能稍有溢出的金属放入底模,并将顶模加压合拢,这块金属便获得该模腔的形状

16、the hydraulic forging press is a more expensive piece of equipment than a drop-forge.

压力机锻造的设备比自由锻的设备贵得多了

17、the hydraulic forging gives greater strength and more uniform structure to large components.

对于大型工件,压力机能提供锻造出更大高的强度和跟更一致性更高的结构的外型

18、On account of the high pressure and squeezing action, it operates with less noise and vibration than a drop-forge.

由于它的高压力和挤压动作,压力机锻造工作时比自由锻产生更少的噪音和振动

19、A forged metal can result in the Increase length, decrease cross-section, called drawing out the metal.

是锻压件的长度变长,横截面积变小的锻压叫做拉长金属

20、Elemental powders, such as iron and copper, are easy to compress to relatively high densities, produce pressed compacts with adequate strength for handling during sintering, but do not produce very high strength sintered parts.

铁、铜粉末较容易被压得相对密度较高;压制致密、具备足够强度供烧结处理;但是无法制造出很高强度的烧结产品

21、Iron with 2wt% Copper, are mixed to produce an homogeneous blend(混和)which is then partially sintered to attach the copper particles to the iron particles without producing a fully diffused powder but retaining the powder form.

铁与2%铜(重量百分比)混合均匀。经部分烧结后,铜微粒粘附到铁微粒上而没有产生充分扩散的粉末,却保留了(原)粉末的状态

22、Metal powders are contained in an enclosure e.g. a rubber membrane(橡胶膜)or a metallic can(金属罐)that is subjected to isostatic, which is uniform in all directions, external pressure.

金属粉末被放置于橡胶膜或金属罐内,所受的外压力在各方向上都是均匀的23、Injection molding is the predominant process for fabrication of thermoplastics into finished forms, and is increasingly being used for thermosetting plastics, fiber-filled composites, and elastomers

注塑成型是热塑性塑料加工为成品的形式主要过程,并越来越多地被用于热固性塑料,纤维填充具有弹性体复合材料

24、Physical properties:high impact strength, corrosion resistance, and easy processing 更容易的加工过程with good flow characteristics for molding complex designs对于复杂模型设计.

物理特性:高的冲击强度,抗腐蚀性;还有一个好的工艺性:对模塑的复杂设计有良好的流动性

25、The mechanical properties of thermoplastics, can be enhanced for some applications through the addition of glass fiber reinforcement.

热塑性材料的机械特性,可通过添加玻璃纤维增强物来改善强度并用于某些应用

26、The fibers can improve the material strength and stiffness. The negative effect of this reinforcement is usually a decrease in impact strength and an increase in abrasiveness.

纤维可提高材料的强度和刚度,然而,它的负面影响常常是使材料的冲击强度下降并提高摩擦系数

27、Severe distortion of the metal occurs adjacent to the tool face, resulting in a crack that runs ahead of the tool. Eventually, the shear stress across the chip becomes equal to

the shear strength of the material, resulting in fracture and separation.

金属的剧烈变形发生在刀具前刀面的附近,导致在运动的刀具前方金属层中产生裂缝。最后,切屑横截面上的切应力达到了材料的抗剪强度,造成段落和切屑分离

28、The continuous chip is characterized by a general flow of the separated metal along the tool face.

连续切屑的特征为分离的金属沿着刀具前面连续排出

29、every product we use in our daily life has undergone this process either directly or indirectly.

我们的日常生活中使用的每一样物品都得直接或间接的通过这道工序

30、A large majority (above 80%) of all the machine tools used in the manufacturing industry have undergone metal cutting.

在制造工业中使用的绝大多数(大约80%)机械器具有经过金属切削

31、It is the angle between the face of the tool called the rake face前刀面and the normal法线to the machining direction.

这是与该工具面角称为刀面和对加工方向正常。

32、The clearance angle后角is provided such that the tool will not rub the machined surface thus spoiling the surface and increasing the cutting forces.

清拆行动角度提供这样的工具不会擦加工表面,从而干扰了表面,增加切削力。

33、Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel.

磨削是一个制造的过程,包括通过采用旋转砂轮的金属切除。

34、Grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish.

磨削被认为是一个整理的过程,通常是获得高的尺寸精度和更好的表面光洁度使用。

35、Grinding machines differ in construction结构as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed使用is determined mainly by the geometrical [几何学的] shape and nature of the surface to be ground磨削

磨床不同的建设以及能力,以及被聘用的类型是由几何[几何学的]的形状和表面的性质,主要是地面

36、During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped on the machine table by strap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held by magnetic chucks

在平面磨削时,重的工件用夹具固定或用压板等物夹紧在机床工作台上,而小的工件常常是用电磁吸盘固定的

37、Centreless grinding involves passing a cylindrical workpiece, which is supported by

a rest blade, between two wheels, i.e., grinding wheel and the regulating or feed wheel. The grinding wheel does the actual grinding, while the regulating wheel is responsible for rotating the workpiece as well as generating the longitudinal feed.

无心磨削是用于圆柱形工件加工的,工件由托板支持,在两轮之间,即砂轮和导轮或称进给轮之间通过去。砂轮完成实际磨削,而导轮的作用是使工件旋转和产生轴向的进给。

38、whereC is a constant coefficient to account for the slip between the workpiece and the regulating wheel

这里的系数C是考虑工件与导轮之间相对滑动的常数

39、Lapping is a finishing operation used on flat and cylindrical surfaces.

研磨是一种精加工运作平面和圆柱表面使用。

40、Production lapping on flat or cylindrical pieces is done on machines such as those shown in Fig.9.1b and Fig.9.1c.

产品表面研磨或加工成本如图9.16或9.1所示

41、Lapping is used as a method of obtaining very close fitsbetween mating parts such as pistons and cylinders.

研磨是一种获得非常接近采用的方法适合,如活塞和气缸之间的交配部分。

42、The lapped workpiece surface may look smooth but it is actually filled with microscopic peaks, valleys

43、Electropolishing is an electrochemical process similar to,but he reverse of,electro-plating.

电解抛光与电镀相似,但是过程正好相反

44、Chemical mechanical polishing refers to polishing by abundant slurry that interacts both chemically and mechanically with the surface being polished.

化学机械抛光时指大量抛光液与被抛表面产生化学与机械作用的抛光

45、Electroplating is an electrochemical process by which metal is deposited on a substrate by passing a current through the bath

电镀是一种电化学过程,金属衬底上通过一项电流通过浴。

46、The process for application of thermal spray metal is relatively simple and consists of the following stages:

为热喷涂金属申请过程比较简单,以下几个阶段组成:

47、Thermal sprayed metal coatings are depositions of metal which has been melted immediately prior to projection onto the substrate.

热喷涂金属涂层是熔融金属立刻喷射到基体上形成的金属沉积层

48、A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution and flat edges.

49、The lathe bed is the main frame, involving a horizontal beam on two vertical suppot.

套孔钻的中心有一个圆柱孔,钻孔时可在工件上形成一个芯子,当钻头连接进给进行钻孔时,芯子对钻头起导向作用

50、The understanding of heat treatment is embraced by the broader study of metallurgy.

热处理的理解在冶金广泛的研究

51、Heat treatment is the operation of heating and cooling a metal in its solid state to change its physical properties.

热处理过程是对金属在固态下进行加热和冷却来改变它的物理特性

52、According to the procedure used, steel can be hardened to resist cutting action and abrasion, or it can be softened to permit machining.

根据产品的使用,钢能够被固化成耐切削和耐磨或者能够被软化是允许加工53、Drilling involves producing throuhg or blind hole in a workpiece by forcing a tool, whice rotates around its axis, against the workpiece.

钻削包括生产通孔或盲孔在工件上通过对钻头施加压力,钻头或绕自身轴线旋转加工工件

54、Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling

machines.

钻削过程可以是手工钻削或机械钻削

55、Tolerance is the amount of variation permitted in the part or the total variation allowed in a given dimension.

56、Unilateral tolerance means that any variation is made in only one direction from the nominal or basic dimension.

57、掌握每个同学都要求做的PPT的内容,并理解整篇文章。

大学英语 期末试卷题型

《大学英语3》期末考试题型: 1、听力理解:25%(共25题,每题1分) 短对话7个、篇章理解2篇、复合式听写1篇,共25题,25分。 2、选词填空题:10% (共10题,每题1分) 3、阅读理解:20% (1)、完型填空1篇,10题,每题1分 (2)、传统仔细阅读1篇,5题,每题2分 4、翻译:25% (1)、句子翻译(中文翻译成英文):15% (5题,每题3分,15分) (2)、段落翻译(英文翻译成中文):10% (1题,10分) 5、作文:20% 注意:考试课文范围: 《大学英语3(新世纪)》:第三册第1、2、3、5单元 出题范围: 1、复习所学单元的生词、词组、搭配等,第二部分选词填空题在课后练习中出题: 《大学英语3(新世纪)》:课后练习 Words In Action 中Ex. 2 2、认真复习课文,段落翻译(英译中)从课文的Text A(新世纪)中抽取。 3、认真复习课后练习,句子翻译(中译英)从课后练习Translation1中抽取。 4、其余题目均从试题库中抽取。 另:请各位《大学英语3》任课老师提醒学生自带耳机,期末考试中有听力题型。

《大学英语1》期末考试题型: 1、听力理解:25%(共25题,每题1分) 短对话8个、长对话2篇、章理解3篇,共25题,25分。 2、选词填空题:10% (共10题,每题1分) 3、阅读理解:20% 传统仔细阅读2篇,10题,每题2分 4、翻译:25% (1)、句子翻译(中文翻译成英文):15% (5题,每题3分,15分) (2)、段落翻译(英文翻译成中文):10% (1题,10分) 5、作文:20% 注意:考试课文范围: 《大学英语1(新世纪)》:第一册第1、2、4、5单元 出题范围: 1、复习所学单元的生词、词组、搭配等,第二部分选词填空题在课后练习中出题: 《大学英语1(新世纪)》:课后练习 Words In Action 中Ex. 2 2、认真复习课文,段落翻译(英译中)从课文的Text A(新世纪)中抽取。 3、认真复习课后练习,句子翻译(中译英)从课后练习Translation中抽取。 4、其余题目均从试题库中抽取。 另:请各位《大学英语1》任课老师提醒大一新生购买耳机,期末考试中有听力题型。

期末考试总结大全

期末考试总结大全 期末考试结束了,同学们有没考好?没考好原因是什么?下面是小雅整理的期末考试总结大全,欢迎阅读参考! 期末考试总结一 期末考试成绩公布了。我的成绩是:语文96、数学79分。语文成绩列全班第20名,数学成绩列第一名——倒数第一名。闭幕式后我把成绩册丢在班级不敢带回家给爸爸妈妈看。 回到家,我赶忙躲到自己的房间里关起门来,眼泪也不由自主的从眼角溜了出来…… 爸爸下班回到家里,知道了我的期末考试情况,没有想到他没有责备我,他说: 要为成功总结经验,不要为失败找借口。语文能考96分是因为我将要求背诵的课文、抄写的生字都掌握了,而且还在爸爸的辅导下做了三份期末模拟试卷。而数学考试考成这个样子的原因就恰好相反:老师布置的作业没有完成,考试的时候粗心大意…… 知道这些使我落后的原因了,我一定会针对它们加以改正,争取当上“三好学生”。 期末考试总结二 光阴似箭、日月如梭。四年级学习生活不知不觉结束了,在这个学期里,老师为我们的学习付出了许多心血,我们也为自己

的学习洒下了辛勤的汗水。这次期末考试,我的每门功课都达到老师和家长满意的成绩:数学100分、英语100分、语文98分,总结这个学期的学习,我想主要有以下几个方面: 第一,学习态度比较端正。能够做到上课认真听讲,不与同学交头接耳,不做小动作,自觉遵守课堂纪律;对老师布置的课堂作业,能够当堂完成;对不懂的问题,主动和同学商量,或者向老师请教。 第二,改进了学习方法。为了改进学习方法,我给自己订了一个学习计划:(1)做好课前预习。也就是要挤出时间,把老师还没有讲过的内容先看一遍。尤其是语文课,要先把生字认会,把课文读熟;对课文要能分清层次,说出段意,正确理解课文内容。要求背诵的课文提前背过。坚持写日记,记录生活笔记。(2)上课要积极发言。对于没有听懂的问题,要敢于举手提问。积极发言,大胆思考。(3)每天的家庭作业认真检查,再让家长检查一遍,把做错了的和不会做的,让家长讲一讲,记在错题集上,考前几天再把以前做错了的题目,经常拿出来看一看,复习复习。(4)要多读一些课外书,了解课外知识,每天中午吃完饭,看半个小时课外书;每天晚上做完作业,只要有时间,多看几篇作文。 第三,课外特长不放松。能够利用星期天和节假日,到课外辅导班学习绘画,在学校的想象画评比中,我荣获“艺术之星”的称号。

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