新人教版英语必修三Unit4 Space Exploration 学案教案练习

Lesson 4 Unit4 Space Exploration 一.重点单词和词组回顾：

二、单项选择

1.【★★☆】The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and ________ and creates

a huge amount of pollution.

A．resources B．procedures C．signals D．patterns

2.【★★☆】In addition, ________ resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. A．sufficient B．recycled C．ongoing D．independent

3.【★★☆】Pandas will go extinct for ________ of abundant food.

A. abundance

B. balance

C. concern

D. lack

4.【★★☆】What I mention at first is that I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as________.

A. director

B. monitor

C. officer

D. instructor

5.【★★☆】A business school in Paris will soon begin using artificial intelligence and facial ________ to determine whether students are paying attention in class.

A．mystery B．frontier C．analysis D．muscle

6.【★★☆】If you want to make the ________ choice, trust me on this.

A. regular

B. keen

C. mental

D. intelligent

7.【★★☆】However, critics ________ that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them.

A. desire

B. argue

C. donate

D. share

8.【★★☆】Working out in the morning provides additional benefits ________ being physically fit.

A.beyond

B. with

C. as

D. for

9.【★★☆】Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us ________ , physically and socially and bring us many advantages.

A.totally

B.independently C frequently D. mentally

10.【★★☆】At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under

a(n) ________ budget is a pressing concern.

A. approved

B. quoted

C. limited

D. folded

答案：ABDBC DBADC

三．单词填写：

1.If a child is interested in the ________(宇宙), he probably will visit a natural history museum. (2012全国一)

2.Geography ________(决定) language evolution.

3.The strength of financial markets tends to be seen as a _______（信号）that the economy is soundly based.

4. ______（天文学）is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.

5. The patient didn’t seem to be getting enough ________（氧气）and he had difficulty in breathing.

6. We can use ________ (太阳的) power in two different ways: as a heat source, and as an energy source.

7. Overall, I think there was a real ________(缺乏) of understanding of basic economic principles among the Occupiers.

8. Can you think of any other ways to reuse and _______(循环) marketing material for better campaigns?

9. It seems useless for you to _________(争辩) further with him.

10. You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural _______(资源) management projects for eight weeks this summer.

答案：1. universe 2. determines 3. signal 4. Astronomy 5. oxygen 6. solar 7. lack 8. recycle 9. argue 10. resource

四．词的适当形式填空：

1.【★☆☆】Young children who have stuttered for only a short time have a high rate of natural recovery, though it is impossible ________ （determine）which children are most likely to recover and which are likely to continue stuttering.

2.【★★☆】Researchers from the University of Michigan have found that ________（astronaut）brains change shape during spaceflight.

3.【★☆☆】Would my mother be ________ （disappoint）in me?

4.【★☆☆】Nicole, who is ________ （current) in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that

I am having heart surgery shortly.

5.【★★☆】Lots of studies have shown that ________（globe) warming has already become a seriously problem.

6.【★★☆】The new model_______________(launch) in July 2025.

7.【★★☆】Maybe we'll f________ out how to do something different.

8.【★☆☆】When you do something with faith, it will r_________ in success.

9.【★★☆】These reasons are not s________（充足的）to justify the ban.

答案：1.to determine 2.astronauts' 3.disappointed 4. currently 5.global

6.will be launched

7. figure

8. result

9. sufficient

五．词组复习：

1.She is determined to carry__________ with her education.

2.She is determined ______________(earn) it through his efforts.

3.Western people are keen _____________digital products because of their convenience.

4.The desire__________freedom made Chinese people fight against Japanese.

5.Eating too much fat may result________heart diseases.

6.Can you figure________a way to ease space exploration?

7.

答案：1. on; 2. to earn 3. on 4. for 5. in 6. out 7. on

六．课文中的重点句和语言点：

1. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt traveling into space was an impossible dream．However，some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space. (p40)

翻译: 然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。

考点: determine to do sth. 决定/ 决心做某事

determine on（doing）sth. 决定（做）某事

determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事

determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的; determination n. 决心；决定

单句语法填空

（1）I have determined going to the countryside after graduating from college. （2）He is （determine）to take good care of his parents from now on.

（3）The （determine）expression on her face suggested that she wouldn’t change her mind.

（4）Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great ____________（determine）.

(5）Paul was fond of Chinese culture，so he______ ______ ________（决定定居）in China.

答案：（1）on（2）determined（3）determined（4）determination （5）determined to settle

2. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. (p40)

翻译: 这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。

考点1：be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望

be disappointed at/about sth. 对某事失望

be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望

模拟造句：

①他没有通过考试，这令人沮丧的消息让他感到非常失望。。

_______________________________________________________________________________答案：The disappointing news that he failed the exam made him very disappointed．

单句语法填空

（1）To my （disappoint），his behaviour cause some misunderstanding between us.

（2）The teacher is disappointed Tony’s attitude towards study.

（3）The fans looked quite （disappoint）when they heard the ________（disappoint）result.

（4）The workers （失望地发现）that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine.

答案：（1）disappointment（2）at/about（3）disappointed, disappointing (4)were disappointed to find．

考点2：（have）a desire to do（有）做……的渴望

(have）a desire for（有）做……的渴望

desire to do... 渴望做……

desire that + 主语+（should+）动词原形希望……（desire 后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+ 动词原形”，should 可以省略）

拓展

后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形”的动词：

一个“坚持”（insist）；

两道“命令”（order，command）；

四条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise，recommend）；

五点“ 要求”（demand，desire，request，require，urge）

单句语法填空

（1）He desires （join）the army and devote himself to the country.

（2）Several people have expressed a desire （see）the report.

（3）［2019·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末］Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire new ideas is hard to satisfy.

答案：（1）to join（2）to see（3）for

3. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the

huge risks.

翻译: 这是因为尽管有很大的风险，人们依旧相信继续太空探索的重要性。。

考点：carry on sth. 从事某事carry on with sth. 继续某事

carry on doing sth. 继续做某carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施

carry through 顺利实现carry off 赢得；成功地对付

carry forward 成功地进行

模拟造句：

(1) 读过林巧稚的故事后，这个女孩决心继续她的好工作。

_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi，the girl was determined to carry on with her good work.

（2）Although faced with so many difficulties，they still their research.

（3）The support of her mother Jane Goodall and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.

答案：（2）carry on with （3）carry through

4. It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board... ．

翻译: 它环绕地球运行，空间站里有来自不同国家的宇航员……。

考点：on board

board n. 板子；布告牌；黑板；委员会

v. 登上（船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）

broad adj. 宽的；广阔的

·abroad adv. 在国外；到国外go abroad 去国外

单句语法填空

（1）Some of the ships even had earth （在船上）so that the sailors could grow their

own crops for food.

（2）The plane had more than 120 passengers and crew （（在飞机上）when it suddenly disappeared.

答案：(1) on board（2）on board

辨析填空（board/broad/abroad）

（1）Many schools there have started using white and projectors in classes.

（2）They were looking for anyone on who knew sign language.

（3）With many Chinese now traveling for Spring Festival，their choice of destinations has expanded along with their growing interest in foreign cultures and services.

（4）How did the soldier cross the river last night?

答案：(1) boards（2)board（3）abroad（4）broad

5. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003... 翻译: 中国在2003 年成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家……

考点：

independent adj. 独立的；自主的be independent of 不依赖……；独立于……之外

independence n. 独立independence from 独立于

depend on 依靠；信赖；取决于be dependent on 依赖；取决于

单句语法填空

（1）Not only my spoken English，but also my ability to live （independent）has been improved a lot.

（2）All living things depend the sun for their growth.

（3）Susan wanted to be independent her parents. She tried living alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home.

（4）A study abroad program can teach students （independent）and important life

skills.

答案：(1)independently （2)on（3）of （4）independence

6. This signaled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.

翻译: 这标志着中国在未来建立一个空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。

考点：

signal to sb. 示意某人；向某人发信号signal to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事

send out a signal 发出信号 a danger signal 危险信号

a warning signal 警告信号an alarm signal 报警信号

a clear signal 清晰的信号receive/pick up a signal 接收信号

◆词语辨析

signal，sign，symbol 与mark

·signal 信号；暗号

·sign 迹象；征兆；标牌

·symbol 象征；标志

·mark 标记；记号

单句语法填空

（1）The police seems to be _________（signal）to us with his arm.

（2）In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards_________ （signal）that someone was moving about upstairs.

（3）The far side of the moon is a rare quiet place that is free from interference from radio _________（signal）from Earth.

（4）In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was _____ signal for everyone to stand up.

答案：(1) signaling （2)to signal （3）signals （4）a

辨析填空（signal/sign/symbol/mark）

（6）In Chinese culture，red is the _________ of luck and happiness.

（6）You can make a _________where you can’t understand.

（7）Chest pains can be a warning_________of heart problems.

（8）He walked up and down，a sure _________ of becoming impatient.

答案：(5) symbol （6)mark （7）signal（8）sign

7. Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey?

翻译: 科学家们会想出一种方法来为长途旅行储存足够的食物和水吗？

考点1：figure in 把……列入计算figure that... 认为……

figure out 后面可接名词、代词作宾语，也可接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”或宾语从句。

break out（战争、灾难等）爆发；发生bring out 使显示；出版；生产

give out 分发；公布；用完；耗尽come out 出现；出版；结果是make out 勉强看见、听出；理解；弄清楚look out/watch out 当心；留神

turn out 制造；生产；原来是；结果是work out 算出；想出；制定出；锻炼；解决

写出句中figure out 的含义

（1）Please help me to figure out my income tax. ___________

（2）I’m busy now. You should figure out a way to solve the problem. ___________

（3）I can’t figure out why he gave up the well-paid job. ____________

答案：(1)计算出（2) 弄明白（3）弄清楚

考点2：sufficient

sufficient time 充足的时间sufficient resources 充足的资源

sufficient information 充足的信息be sufficient for 对……来说是足够的

be sufficient to do sth. 足够做某事sufficiency n. 足够；充分sufficiently adv. 足够地；充分地单句语法填空

（1）The water in this pond is not sufficient watering wheat.

（2）Mary （sufficient）used the chance to learn about Chinese culture when she was in Beijing.

单句写作

（3）There is （足够的证据证明）that he wasn’t connected with the incident.

（4）If I have （足够的时间），I will pay a visit to the Forbidden City.

答案：(1)for （2)sufficiently （3）sufficient evidence to prove（4）sufficient time

8.Keen

考点：

dead keen 非常喜欢

be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事

be keen on（doing）sth. 热衷于（做）某事

take a keen interest in 对……有兴趣

a keen eye for sth. 对某事物有敏锐的眼光

a keen mind/brain 灵敏/ 敏锐的头脑

◆词语积累

keenly adv. 强烈地；（观察）敏锐地keenness n. 渴望；热衷

单句写作

（1）当杰克逊还是个孩子的时候，他对绘画很感兴趣。

答案：When Jackson was a kid，he took a keen interest in drawing.

9.I’m really curious about his life in space.

翻译：我真的对他在太空中的生活感到好奇

要点：be curious to do sth. 很想做某事

It is/was curious that... ……是奇怪的

curiously adv. 好奇地curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心

with curiosity 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇

单句语法填空

（1）The little kids are curious everything around them and eager to know about it. （2）People were curious （know）how Peter would deal with the matter. （3）The children looked at me （curious），asking where I came from.

（4）Out of （curious），David turned on the new computer.

（5）The little child looked at the dog （好奇地）.

（6）Susan （对……好奇）what her brother was doing，but he never told her anything.

答案：(1) about （2) to know （3）curiously （4）curiosity (5) with curiosity（6)was curious about

10.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.

翻译：有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。

要点：

argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事

argue for 为支持……而争辩

argue against 为反对……而争辩；不赞成

argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/ 不做某事

argue that... 争辩……；认为……

单句语法填空

（1）Tom has been arguing his brother about where they should go for their holidays. （2）Robert argued reducing his pocket money every month.

（3）Most teachers argued an increase in their salaries.

（4）It’s no use （argue）with me about the matter.

答案：(1) with (2) against （3）for （4）arguing

【过关检测】【10min】

单句语法填空及翻译练习【★★☆】

1．With her talent and (determine), it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.(2019北京)

2．The city was crowded with (disappoint)people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska. (2018全国三)

3．She is determined to （继续）with her education. (2017全国三)

4．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their ___ ___（board）passes online to save their valuable time.(2017北京)

5．Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop

responsibility, (independent), confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.(2017天津)

6．but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning (signal) that we really have changed our planet.(2019北京)

7．This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could (signal) neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.

8．But you can’t be successful when there’s (lack) trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. (2015全国一)

9．A software engineer by profession, Steve was a (keen) lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. (2019江苏)

10．翻译：他们渴望在目的地看到稀有鸟类（keen）。(2018天津)．

11.翻译：However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website.（2016北京）

12.翻译：Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. (2019天津)

13.I thought anything abstract left too much room for （argue）.(2019天津).

14.A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an （argue )with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll. (2019江苏)

15. First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your (desire) ,etc.(2019全国三)

答案：1.determination 2. disappointed 3. carry on 4. boarding 5. independence 6. signals 7. signal 8. a lack of 9.keen 10.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.

11.但是，当我感兴趣的时候，我就会沉迷期中。在高中，我对电脑很好奇，建立了我的第一个网站。12.机会偏爱有好奇心的人。13. argument，14. argument 15desires

七、语法

不定式(to do)作定语和状语

课前检测【5min】

用词的适当形式填空

1．（2019山东邹城质检, 63）The main problem is that many people in the world still do not have resources(purchase) or grow enough food.

2.（2019山东济宁3月一模, 65）The landing（着陆）is an example of China's growing desire (compete)with the American, Russian and European space programs.

3．（2019北京海淀二模, 7）Therefore, the ability (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.

4. （2019山东德州夏津一中月考, 68）But he realizes that something must be changed (make) sure hand-made New Year paintings live on.

5.（2019山东济南4月二模, 63）Chinese people also cut images of small

figures (call) back the spirits of the dead.

答案：to purchase; to compete; to trust; to make; to call

课中讲解

一、不定式的定义

动词不定式与动词-ing形式（现在分词/动名词）、过去分词一样，是动词的非谓语形式。它与动词原形同形。但它的前面一般要带有一个不定式的符号“to”，动词不定式存在不带to 的情况。

二、不定式作定语

不定式有时起形容词作用，在句子中作定语，用来修饰名词或代词。不定式作定语时，置于它所修饰词的后面（而不能放在所修饰词的前面），而且往往放在其他后置定语的后面。

1.不定式与其所修饰的词之间的关系

不定式作定语时，往往与它所修饰的名词或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。

He always has a lot of meetings to attend. 他总是有许多会议要参加。

（不定式to attend和名词meetings形成动宾关系。）

The next train to arrive was from Lanzhou.下一列到站的火车是从兰州开来的。

（不定式to arrive和名词train形成主谓关系。）

1.名词或代词+不定式（to+不及物动词）+介词

如果作定语用的不定式是不及物动词，就要在这个不及物动词后面加上介词，使被修饰的这个词成为这个介词的逻辑宾语。

He is looking for a room to live in.

（不及物动词+介词）他正在找一个住的房间。

不定式中的live是不及物动词，需要加上一个适当的介词in，使被修饰的名词room成为介词in的逻辑宾语（介词宾语），即to live in a room。

2.名词或代词（地点、工具等）+不定式+介词

另外，有时不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面也应该有必要的介词。此时，被修饰的名词或代词是介词的逻辑宾语。

Please pass me some paper to write on.请递给我一些写字用的纸。

paper作介词on的逻辑宾语，即write on some paper。虽然write可以作及物动词，但paper 不能作write的逻辑宾语，to write some paper是错误的。

Please lend me something to write with. 请借给我一些写字用的东西。

something作介词with的逻辑宾语，to write with something可以理解为用某东西（铅笔、钢笔、粉笔等供写字用的笔）写。如果没有with，意思就不同了，变成了：to write something 写某种东西（文章、故事、报告等）。

3.关于介词的省略

上述不定式后加介词时，一般不能省略介词，但不定式修饰place，time，way时，其后介词可省略。

He has no money and no place to live. 他没有钱，也没有地方住。

The time to arrive is seven o’clock.到达的时间是7点。

I think the best way to travel is on foot.我认为旅行的最好方式是步行。

4.主谓关系的一般情况

主谓关系的一般情况是指不定式所修饰的名词或代词是它的逻辑主语。

A factory to produce electricity will be set up next year. 一座发电厂明年将要建起来。

这句话的意思还可以用一个定语从句来表达，即：A factory that/which is to produce electricity will be set up next year.句子中的that/which指代的是工厂，所以可以理解为factory是动词不定式to produce electricity的逻辑主语。

5.主谓关系的特殊情况

在主谓关系中，当不定式所修饰的是序数词或是形容词最高级所修饰的名词时，或者这个名词被省略时，这个名词和不定式之间也是逻辑上的主谓关系。

Li Ming was the first (person) to arrive.李明是第一个到达的人。

2.不定式修饰something，anything和nothing

当不定式修饰something，anything和nothing时，也要放在这些词后面作后置定语；如果有形容词修饰上述三个词，则形容词应该放在它们的后面；如果既有形容词又有不定式修饰上述三个词时，则语序如下：

句型：something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式

Do you have anything interesting to read?你有什么有趣的读物吗？

比较：不定式与something，anything和nothing语序不同时，不定式语法功能不同，译文也不同。

I want something to read.我想要点儿可读的东西。

（不定式to read起形容词作用，在句子中作定语修饰something。）

I want to read something.我想读点儿东西。

（不定式to read起名词作用，在句子中作what的宾语，而something作不定式to read的宾语。）

3.不定式作定语时，用主动语态表示被动含义的情形

A.在There is something to do...句型中，用主动语态表示被动含义。

There is a letter to write.有一封信要写。=There is a letter to be written.（不常用）

说明：不定式所修饰的名词是动作的承受者，即“信要被写”。相当于：There is a letter (for sb.) to write.省略了for sb.，所以用主动语态。

There is something to pay attention to.有一件需要注意的事情。

B.当不定式修饰want，have等动词的宾语，而句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动语态表示被动含义。

We have no homework to do.（S+V+O+定语）我们没什么作业可做。

（划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、不定式的逻辑主语、不定式）

we是不定式to do的逻辑主语，可以理解为“We do no homework.”，所以用主动语态表示。Mary has three babies to look after.（S+V+O+定语）玛丽要照看3个孩子。

（划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、不定式的逻辑主语、不定式）

Mary是不定式to look after的逻辑主语，可以理解为“Mary looks after three babies.”，所以用主动语态表示。

补充：如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，那么不定式就需要用被动语态来表示。

I’m going to the post office, for I have a letter to post.（主动语态）