中国式词汇的英文翻译方法(三)

危房dilapidated house(China plans to renovate 2.65 million dilapidated houses for poor rural households in the central and western regions this year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) said Monday.住房和城乡建设部周一称，我国计划今年完成中西部265万农村贫困户危房的改造。)

高科技作弊hi-tech cheating(China targets hi-tech cheating before Gaokao exam: As millions of Chinese students are doing some last-minute cramming for the upcoming national college entrance examinations, authorities have launched a crackdown on sales of high-tech devices that might be used to cheat on the tests.我国在高考前严打高科技作弊：数百万考生在为即将到来的高考进行最后的冲刺，而政府部门已开展了一项打击售卖高科技高考作弊工具的行动。)

公路隧道highway tunnel(China begins construction of world's highest highway tunnel--Construction of a tunnel that will traverse Trola Mountain in southwestern Sichuan Province began on Wednesday.中国开始建设世界最高公路隧道——将横贯四川省西南部雀儿山的隧道工程周三开工建设。)

咸潮入侵saltwater intrusion(The city's tap water supply will not be undermined by the lingering drought and the consequent intrusion of saltwater, a local official from the water authority has said.当地水务局的官员称，上海市的自来水供应不会受到持续干旱和随之而来的咸潮入侵的影响。)

校园招聘会on-campus job fair(He said that during a recent on-campus job fair he talked with a company in Handan, Hebei, that offers employees free housing..他说，在最近的一次校园招聘会上，他和河北邯郸一家进行了接洽，这家公司为员工提供免费住房。)

有效降水effective precipitation(The observatory said there will be still no effective precipitation in the coming two days in provinces and municipalities along the lower and middle reaches of the Y angtze River and dry weather will continue to develop in spite of scattered drizzle.气象台预报称，长江中下游沿岸省市近两天仍无有效降水，尽管有零星小雨，但仍将持续干旱。)

网络蓝军Online Blue Army(The development of China's "Online Blue Army" unit is for improving the defense capabilities of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), a Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman said on Wednesday.国防部一位发言人上周三表示，组建“网络蓝军”是为了提高解放军的国防能力。)

铁杆粉丝die-hard fan(Time is running out for Oprah?s die-hard fans, and they were feeling the heat Tuesday as they waited in line outside Harpo Studios in the hopes of getting into one of the final shows.对奥普拉的铁杆粉丝们来说，能观看她脱口秀的时间不多了。上周二，粉丝们在哈波演播室外面排长队，期待能参与录制最后几期脱口秀。)

迎婴聚会baby shower(Mom-to-be Victoria Beckham is finally adding a little girl to her brood of boys, so she had only one request when pal Eva Longoria and hair stylist Ken Paves decided to throw her a baby shower the day before Mother's Day: Make everything PINK!维多利亚?贝克汉姆终于要喜得贵女了！她和小贝已经育有三个儿子，所以，当好友伊娃?朗格利亚、发型师肯?佩夫斯等人决定在母亲节前给她办个迎婴聚会时，她只有一个要求：礼物必须全是粉色！)

限时供水water rationing

养路工track maintenance worker

计时票制time fare system

出行调查trip survey

水力发电站Hydro power complex

新闻管制news blackout

党报party organ

高级报纸/严肃报纸quality paper

化妆水toning lotion

化装棉cotton pads

全天候友谊all-weather friendship(Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Pakistani Prime Minister Y ousu f Raza Gilani Wednesday reaffirmed the two countries will maintain an all-weather friendship.中国总理温家宝和巴基斯坦总理优素福?拉扎?吉拉尼周三重申，两国将保持“全天候”友谊。)

熟年离婚late-life divorce(An inconvenient truth about late-life divorce: The separation after 40 years of Al Gore and his wife Tipper reflects an increasing trend for splitting up in old age — but is it such a bad thing?有关“熟年离婚”难以忽视的真相：阿尔?戈尔和妻子蒂珀在结婚40年后宣布离婚，这反映出熟年离婚呈上升趋势，但这事儿真有那么糟糕吗？)

吊销执照revoke license(Musician Gao Xiaosong, who was caught drunken driving, had his license revoked on Monday.因醉驾被捕的音乐人高晓松本周一被吊销驾照。)

父亲假paternity leave(South Korea is set to allow up to five days of paternity leave starting next year, an attempt to raise the country's low birth rate, the labor ministry said Thursday.韩国劳动部周四称，韩国将从明年开始将“父亲假”延至五天，此举是为了提高韩国的低生育率。)

自媒体We-Media("We live in the era of We-Media, which means everyone can create new words and make them popular through BBS or micro blogs," said Li Y uming, the director of the department of language information administration under the Ministry of Education and vice-president of the commission.教育部语言文字信息管理司司长、国家语委副主任李宇明说：“我们正处在…自媒体时代?，这意味着每个人都可以创造新词，通过论坛或者微博使之流行起来。”) (2011-05-17)

饥饿营销hunger marketing(Though the confrontation outside the Apple store in Sanlitun Village was resolved peacefully, the company's long-term "hunger marketing" strategy has sparked questions from inside the industry, International Finance News reported Monday.据《国际金融报》周一报道，尽管三里

屯苹果专卖店的冲突事件已经平息，但是苹果公司长期遵循的“饥渴营销”策略却受到了行业内的质疑。)

全国性大罢工general strike(Greek labor unions were planning a general strike and a mass protest on Wednesday against the country's economic austerity measures.希腊工会计划在周三举行一次全国性大罢工和大规模抗议活动，以反对国家推行的经济紧缩措施。)

文化旅游业cultural tourism(The ongoing Chinese Culture Y ear in Italy will intensify cultural tourism and spread greater mutual awareness between the two countries, a senior Italian official says.一位意大利高级官员说，眼下在意大利举行的“中国文化年”活动将促进文化旅游业的发展，增进两个国家之间的相互了解。)

利好因素feel-good factor("It may provide a feel-good factor, but it's unlikely to make people feel any more confident about their own finances," said Nick Moon, managing director of the polling group.GfK NOP市场调查公司总经理尼克?莫恩说：“这场婚礼会为英国带来利好因素，但不太可能会让人们对自己的钱袋更有信心。”)

酒精呼气测试breath alcohol test(When the policeman asked the driver to take a breath alcohol test a fter smelling alcohol on him, the man bit the policeman's left hand. Then, when the policeman used an interphone to call for help, the man knocked the interphone to the ground and grabbed the officer by the neck, according to police.据警方称，警察在闻到该驾车男子身上的酒气后要求对其进行酒精测试，这时该男子一口咬住了警察的左手。警察用对讲机请求支援，该男子一把把对讲机打到地上，并用手掐住警察的脖子。)

劳动年龄人口working-age population(The emergence of negative growth in the total working-age population, which some demographers predict will happen as early as 2013, is likely to contribute to slower economic growth and higher inflation, according to analysts.据一些人口统计学家预测，从2013年起中国劳动年龄人口将可能开始出现负增长，分析家称，这将会导致经济增速放缓，加剧通货膨胀。)

利好因素feel-good factor

反恐部队counter-terrorism unit(US officials said the CIA tracked bin Laden to his location, then elite troops from Navy SEAL Team Six, a top military counter-terrorism unit, flew to the hideout in four helicopters.美国高官表示，中情局追踪到了拉登藏身之地，之后顶级军事反恐部队“海军海豹突击队”的精英部队搭乘四架直升机飞往该地。)

新能源示范城new-energy model city(A National Energy Administration official said the concept of "new-energy model cities" is still in the early stage of development, adding that the evaluation system and relevant policies are being drafted.国家能源管理部门有官员表示，“新能源示范城”这个概念还处于前期酝酿中，对应的评估体系和相关政策正在起草中。)

战略性支柱产业strategic pillar industry(Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Qishan said on Monday that the country would strive to develop tourism into a strategic pillar industry of the nation's economy over the 12th Five-Y ear Plan period from 2011 until 2015.国务院副总理王岐山周一说，在“十二五”期间（2011年

—2015年）国家将努力将旅游业培育成国民经济的战略性支柱产业。)

支票簿新闻checkbook journalism (Mixing financial and promotional motives with an impartial search for truth stains honest, ethical reporting, checkbook journalism has no place in the news business.支票簿新闻将经济因素、促销动机、与公正寻求真相混淆起来，玷污了诚实报道、有道德报道的准则，在新闻业没有立足之地。)

黄金投资者gold bug(Some people are "gold bugs." These are investors who say people should buy gold to protect against inflation.有些人属于“黄金投资者”。他们告诉大家要买黄金抗通胀。)

金砖国家BRICS countries(The BRICS countries - originally Brazil, Russia, India, and China, and now South Africa - have turned out to be a source of global economic development and essential to future generations.金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、以及新加入的南非）已成为全球经济发展的动力，对未来的发展至关重要。)

染色馒头tainted steamed buns (Food safety watchdog said Sunday the workshop in Wenzhou was suspected of producing thousands of steamed buns containing illegal yellow coloring every day for the past two months. Some of the tainted steamed buns were supplied to a local school.食品安全监察机构周日称，温州这一作坊涉嫌在过去两个月内每日制作数千个含有非法黄色染料的馒头。部分染色馒头还被供应到当地的一所学校。)

税级tax brackets(The draft increases the minimum threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan a month to 3,000 yuan a month and cut the number of income tax brackets from nine to seven.草案将个税起征点由每月2000元上调至3000元，并将九级税级调整至七级。)

土地复垦land reclamation("Land reclamation required an average investment of 2,400 yuan per mu during the 2005-2009 period. That means China now needs over 200 billion yuan to address the issue," Wang said.王守智说：“2005年到2009年间土地复垦需要平均每亩投入2400元。这意味着中国现在需要2000多亿元才能应对这一任务。”)

婚礼式颁证wedding-style registrations(Wedding receptions have long been overvalued compared with the registration process in China. To change that, civil departments are considering wedding-style registrations at civil affairs bureaus.在我国，新人喜结连理时一直存在“轻登记、重婚宴”的现状。为改变这一情况，民政部正考虑在民政局婚姻登记处推广“婚礼式颁证”。)

动土仪式ground-breaking ceremony(Construction work on the Shanghai Disneyland theme park began Friday, company sources said. A ground-breaking ceremony was held in the morning. Cost for the project is estimated at 24.5 billion yuan ($3.7 billion).据迪斯尼公司的消息，上海迪斯尼乐园于周五开工，当天早上举行了动土仪式。该工程预计要花费245亿元（合37亿美元）。)

自然异象anomalies of the nature(Jiangsu has recently published a newly revised set of regulations regarding quake prevention and disaster reduction, with one of the revisions that encourages peop le and institutions to report "anomalies of the nature" to the provincial government.江苏近日公布了一套新修订的有关防震减灾的条例，其中新增条例鼓励个人和单位将“自然异象”上报给省政府。)

恐艾症AIDS phobia("We have not found a new virus and they are most likely just suffering from a mental health problem called AIDS phobia," said Hao Y ang, deputy director of the disease prevention and control bureau under the Ministry of Health.卫生部疾病预防控制局副局长郝阳说：“我们没有检测到新病毒，他们很可能患上了一种名为恐艾症的心理疾病。”)

铰接式公共汽车articulated bus(World's longest articulated bus makes debut in Brazil--The bus has a capacity of 250 passengers, is 28 meters long, 2.6 meters wide, and powered with biodiesel made from soybeans.世界最长铰接式公共汽车在巴西首次亮相——这一公共汽车可容纳250名乘客，车身长28米，宽2.6米，采用的燃料是从大豆中提取的生物柴油。)

美元陷阱dollar trap(He said the global monetary system had fallen into a "dollar trap". While it would be sensible to reduce dollar holdings in official currency reserves, nations cannot easily cut back, because doing so would only lead the dollar to weaken and so hit the value of their assets, he said.中国国际经济交流中心信息部副部长徐洪才表示，全球货币体系已经掉进“美元陷阱”。尽管理智上应该减少官方的美元货币储备，但实际上所有国家都很难做出削减，因为这样做只会进一步削弱美元地位，从而威胁到本国持有的美元资产的价值。)

红色资源red resources(China has launched a survey on its martyr memorial facilities nationwide, aiming to offer information for enhanced protection on these precious "red resources," officials with the country's Ministry of Civil Affairs said Thursday.民政部官员周四称，近日全国范围内开展了一项对烈士纪念设施的调查，为加强保护这些宝贵的“红色资源”提供信息。)

抗震鉴定anti-earthquake evaluation(Under new regulations that come into effect on May 1, all public buildings will be subject to stringent quality tests, including an anti-earthquake evaluation, every five years.根据将于5月1日生效的新规定，所有的公共建筑每五年都要经过严格的质量检查，其中包括抗震鉴定。)

婚前单身派对stag/hen night(Known in Britain as hen night (for the bride) and stag night (for the groom), it is clear that the royal couple must keep a low profile to avoid giving fodder to the ever-ready paparazzi.显然，威廉王子和准王妃凯特在举行婚前单身派对时必须保持低调，以免给随时准备出击的狗仔队提供报道素材。在英国，准新娘/新郎的婚前单身派对分别称为hen/stag night。)

享乐主义广告hedonistic advertising(Beijing bans 'hedonistic' advertising--Beijing has banned advertising hoardings that promote hedonism or the craven worship of foreign products.北京禁止“享乐主义”广告宣传——北京禁止宣传享乐主义或崇洋媚外性质的户外广告。)

小额贷款公司micro-credit company(Micro-credit companies mushroomed in China in recent years, China's central bank said Tuesday.中国人民银行周二称，我国的小额贷款公司近年来增长迅猛。)

违章建筑unapproved construction project(From April 1, authorities can even cut off power and water supplies to rule breakers' hom es under new regulations aimed at clamping down on unapproved construction projects. Official data suggests up to 90 percent of villa owners in Beijing have illegally expanded their properties.从4月1日起，政府将按照新规定对违章建筑予以打击，违章建设住房将甚至

会被断水断电。官方数据显示，北京90%的别墅业主都有非法扩建行为。)

花葬flower burial(Residents of Wuhan, in Central China?s Hubei province, are asked to consider flower burials by pouring ashes into the cellar beneath flower beds, https://www.360docs.net/doc/966242823.html, reported Tuesday.据新华网周二报道，湖北省省会武汉市号召市民采用花葬，将骨灰洒进花坛下方的地窖。)

prices be marked clearly就是指“明码标价”，

沙尘回流dust backflow(Dusts backflow continues to contaminate Beijing's air--Dusts which polluted Beijing's air Friday backflowed Saturday from Beijing's east and south and continued to contaminate the capital's air on Sunday, according to an environmental expert.沙尘回流继续污染北京空气——据一位环境专家称，周五污染北京空气的沙尘将从北京东部和南部回流，并在周日继续影响京城的空气质量。)

睡眠障碍sleep disorder(Unlike in adults, children with sleep disorders may manifest with behavioral problems that may be mistaken for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).和成年人不同，患有“睡眠障碍”的儿童表现为行为异常，有可能被误认为患有注意力缺陷及多动障碍。)

电影网络院线Internet-based cinema(Jia Y uemin, vice president of https://www.360docs.net/doc/966242823.html, which initiated the alliance, said that the Internet-based cinema would ensure netizens authorized copies of films and provide high definition viewing at a reasonable price.联盟发起方、乐视网副总裁贾跃民表示，电影网络院线将确保网友观看到正版电影，提供高清播放，而且价格合理。)

恐慌购买panic buying(Major suppliers of pills that provide protection from radiation say they're out of stock due to panic buying, even though experts say that the Japanese nuclear catastrophe poses no health threat to Americans.虽然专家表示日本核辐射不会影响美国民众健康，但防辐射药物主要供应商表示，由于恐慌购买，药品已经断货。)

核辐射nuclear radiation(While the affected areas in Japan brace for more aftershocks, the country is also being afflicted by another earthquake-engendered crisis - nuclear radiation. A meltdown was feared at its Fukushima nuclear plant after it was rocked by the quake.日本强震受灾地区不仅面临更多余震，而且还面临着另一个震后危机——核辐射。人们担心福岛核电站在地震后会发生严重核泄漏事故。)

睡眠障碍sleep disorder

轮流停电rolling blackout(Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) had reported early on Monday that it would schedule rolling blackouts in Tokyo and surrounding cities to conserve energy amid the crisis at nuclear power plants in the earthquake-affected areas.东京电力公司周一宣布，计划在东京和周边城市实行轮流停电，此举是为了在地震灾区核电站危机期间节省能源。)

套票season ticket(Beijing Guo'an Football Club has scrapped plans to hold a lucky draw for fans unable to get season tickets due to a severe slump in sales.由于北京国安套票订购量剧减，北京国安足球俱乐部已经取消了让球迷摇号买票的计划。)

分时计价系统time-of-use pricing system(The first is the tiered electric pricing system, and the other is time-of-use pricing system. The two systems are completely different.一种是阶梯计价系统，另一种是分时计价系统。两种系统完全不同。)

恋爱登记relationship registration(In response to critics, the university denied having a poli cy asking students to participate in "relationship registration". It said the forms were released by a group of students who thought the questions offered a good means of learning about the relationships of their classmates.（福州）大学对评论做出回应，否认推行让学生参加“恋爱登记”的政策。福州大学称（登记）表格是一群学生发放的，他们认为表格上的问题是了解班上同学情感关系的一个好方式。)

学术评价体系academic appraisal system(Shao Hong, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the top political advisory body, also called for the establishment of an academic appraisal system with less emphasis on quantity of academic papers and awards.全国政协委员邵鸿还建议建立一个不过分注重学术论文和获奖数量的学术评价体系。)

离婚协议书divorce settlement(Most try to sign a divorce settlement by themselves first. After failing to reach an agreement on issues such as the division of property or custody of children, they turn to legal resolution.大多数夫妻会先行签定离婚协议书。无法在财产分配或子女监护等问题上达成一致时，他们才采取法律手段。)

空间对接space docking(China plans to launch an unmanned space module, Tiangong-1, in the second half of 2011 for the nation's first space docking.中国计划在2011年下半年发射无人目标飞行器“天宫一号”，并完成中国首次空间交会对接任务。)

公益广告public service advertising(Chongqing Satellite TV has stopped commercial advertisements and will use the airtime to broadcast promotional films and public service announcements, Chongqing Evening News reported on Wednesday.据《重庆晚报》本周三报道，重庆卫视已停播商业广告，将在原有广告时段播出城市形象宣传片和公益广告。)

创造性思维out-of-box thinking（Arriving in the US, the Chinese

students often marvel at how American schools encourage students to think outside the box, to ask questions and challenge the teachers.美国学校鼓励学生进行创造性思维、提出质疑、并挑战老师的权威，中国学生到美国后常对此感到惊叹不已。）

能源强度energy intensity(Between 2006 and 2010, the country achieved a 19.1-percent drop in energy intensity, roughly meeting its five-year target to improve energy efficiency by 20 percent, Premier Wen Jiabao said on Sunday during an online conversation with netizens.温家宝总理上周日在与网民在线交流时表示，在2006年至2010年间，我国的能源强度下降了19.1%，基本完成了“十一五”制定的将能源利用率提高20%的目标。)

网游监护online guardianship(Some parents think the application process for the online guardianship is too complicated.有部分家长认为，申请网游监护的过程过于繁琐。)

撤侨evacuation of nationals(China on Saturday decided to hasten evacuation of its nationals from Libya, as Chinese aviation authorities prepare 15 planes per day during the next two weeks to carry home citizens stranded in the northern African country.我国于上周六决定加快从利比亚撤侨。在未来两周，中国民航将每天派出15架飞机接运滞留在利比亚的中国同胞回国。)

孕前检查pre-pregnancy physical examination(China started the second wave of free pre-pregnancy physical examinations in 120 pilot counties in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on Thursday.我国于上周四开始启动第二轮免费孕前健康检查项目，该项目涵盖了31个省的120个试点县（市、区）。)

怯场Stage fright/performance anxiety

Courier快递员/快递公司

China will stick to the policy of "building friendship and partnership with neighboring countries" and work with neighbors to ensure regional peace and stability so as to create a favorable condition for regional development.

中国将继续执行“与邻为善、以邻为伴”的基本方针，努力同周边国家共同营造一个和平稳定、开放包容、合作共赢的地区环境。

2010年，中国与周边国家的关系有以下三个特点：

-- Deeper mutual trust. Chinese leaders conducted in-depth exchanges with their counterparts in the region and reached many important consensus.

加深了相互信任。中国领导人遍访许多亚洲国家，就如何进一步加强相互信任和合作进行了广泛深入的讨论，达成了许多重要共识。

-- Vibrant economy. The economic growth of Asia as a whole was 8.2 percent last year, rendering the region as the engine of the world economy.

经济活力发展。亚洲去年经济增长率达到8.2%，从而成为推动世界经济复苏的重要引擎。

-- Mutually-beneficial cooperation. China and neighboring countries promoted the integration process and worked together to solve many thorny issues.

促进了互利合作，推进了地区一体化建设，共同努力妥善处理和解决地区的热点问题。

Shao Hong, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the top political advisory body, also called for the establishment of an academic appraisal system with less emphasis on quantity of academic papers and awards.

全国政协委员邵鸿还建议建立一个不过分注重学术论文和获奖数量的学术评价体系。

上面的报道中，academic appraisal system就是“学术评价体系”，appraisal 一般都做“评估、评价”的意思，如graduation appraisal（毕业鉴定）、mass appraisal（批量评估）等。

China's top legislator Wu Bangguo pledged Thursday the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, would step up its oversight work through special inquiries into issues related to people's well-being this year.

全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国本周四指出，今年，全国人大将通过专业询问加强对保障改善民生工作的监督。

Special inquiry就是“专题询问”，是人大监督的legal means（法定形式）之一，指人大常委会选择代表普遍关心的问题听取国务院有关部门专题汇报，请国务院有关部门主要负责同志到会听取意见、回答询问、答复问题。专题询问是对具体操作部门的一种监督形式。

这里的oversight work就是“监督工作”，是人大常委会的主要工作之一。Oversight有“疏忽”的意思，还有“监督”的意思，比如，a momentary oversight（一时疏忽），administrative oversight（行政监督）等。

Laura Cha, a Hong Kong deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC), told China Daily that the international board, which will allow foreign companies to list on the Chinese mainland, will become a paradise for foreign-registered Chinese companies - the red chips.

香港特区全国人大代表史美伦接受《中国日报》采访时表示，允许外国公司在内地上市的上海国际板将成为在海外注册的中国公司的天堂，这些公司的股票称为红筹股。

在上面的报道中，red chip就是“红筹股”，international board就是上海的“国际板”。“红筹股”这一概念诞生于90年代初期的香港股票市场。中华人民共和国在国际上有时被称为红色中国，相应地，香港和国际投资者把在境外注册、在香港上市，而主要业务和收益来自中国大陆的股票称为红筹股。

和red chip中的“红”用法相似的还有red relics（红色遗迹）、red tour（红色旅游）、red-collar worker（红领）等。

除“红筹股”以外，人们在股市常说的的股票还有，junk bond（垃圾股），指业绩差、没有投资价值的公司发行的股票；blue chips（蓝筹股），指行业内占有重要支配地位、业绩优良、成交活跃的大公司的股票。

Productive procrastination means avoiding what really needs doing by doing tasks that you would otherwise put off such as the laundry, washing your car, the dishes,

organizing files on the computer, etc. When all is said and done, your room is clean, your laundry is folded -- but you haven't started your English paper.

Productive procrastination（译为“有效拖延”）指为了逃避真正需要做的某件事情而让自己忙于一些一直懒得去做的事情，比如洗衣服、洗车、刷碗、整理电脑里的文件等等。结果就是，等要说的都说了，要做的都做完了，房间也打扫干净了，衣服也叠好了，就剩下英语作文还没写呢。