名词与主谓一致

第二讲．名词和主谓一致 主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况：主语为单数第三人称时，谓语要变单数,即加“S”如：reads， sits 1.动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 1.动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 e.g. Growing flowers needs constant watering. e.g. That it keeps raining (worry) the tourists. e.g. To be praised (be) a happy thing. e.g. When and where to hold the meeting _____ (have) not been decided 2. news, politics, physics, mathematics, plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。学科名称的名词或国名、地名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. No news (be) good news. e.g. Physics (be) a fundamental subject in science. e.g. The Arabian Nights (be) a very interesting story-book. 3.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。e.g. Eight hours of sleep is enough. e.g. A hundred miles (be) a long distance. e.g. Ten pounds (be) missing from my pocket. e.g. Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown. 4. more than one/many a + 单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数(形单意复) e.g. More than one student （have）tried. e.g. Many a student and teacher (be) watching the football match. e.g. Many a man (have) died in the war. 5. each/every/many a + 单数名词 and each/every/many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Each book and each pen (be) found in its place. e.g. Every boy and every girl (have) the right to receive education. e.g. Many a boy and many a girl （have） seen these painting. e.g. Every hour and minute (be) important. 第二个each, every, many a 可以省略。谓语动词单、复数要视情况而定的情形： 6.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数，但由and连接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数。 e.g. The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家) e.g. The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那个工人兼作家) e.g. The singer and dancer (be) famous all over the world. 常见的表同一概念的有： the needle and thread 针线the folk and knife 刀叉 7. 当主语是class, family, army, team, club, crowd, majority, audience, government, public, group, band 等集合名词时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. His family (be) in Harbin. e.g. His family (be) music lovers. e.g. The committee （be） made up of 10 members. e.g. The committee （be) in the hall. 8. glasses, shoes, scissors，trousers, chopsticks,等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但前面有a pair of, this/that pair of, a suit of等时，谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. This pair of trousers (be) very dirty. e.g. Her trousers (be) being washed now. 当主语是congratulations, earnings, remains, goods, belongings, clothes等一类词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. The goods （belong） to Mr. Wang. 9. population 做主语指人口,谓语用单数；但指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数/百分数+ of the population做主语，谓语用复数。 e.g. The population of the village （be）538. e.g. One third of the population here (be) workers. 10.a number of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，意思是“许多„„”。 the number of + 可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，意思是“„„的数量”。 a quantity of +可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数。quantities of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 a quantity of +不可数名词, 。谓语用单数.quantities of +不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. Quantities of tea (be) sold last month. e.g. A large quantity of beer (be) sold out. 11.half ,most ,enough, part, the rest ,the last ,lots ,some ,plenty ,分数,百分数+of +名词作主语谓语动词要和of 之后的名词保持一致。 Two-thirds of the people present (be )against the plan. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth （be）covered by sea. Over twenty percent of the city （be ）destroyed in the war. Only 40 percent of the students in the class （be）boys. 13.当用„or„ / either„or„ / neither„nor„ / not only„but also„ / not„but„等连接句子主语时，谓语动词和与其最邻近的主语的单、复数形式保持一致（就近一致原则）。e.g. Not only he but also I (be) invited. e.g. I or his brothers (be) to blame. e.g. Neither I nor he (be) to attend the meeting. e.g. Not only the students but also their teacher (be) enjoying the film. 14.当 there be/ here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语动词单、复数应与最邻近的主语保持一致。e.g. There （be） a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. e.g. There （are） twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. e.g. Here （is） a letter and a book for you. e.g. There (are) three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house. 15.主语后跟 with / along with / together with / like / unlike / besides / but / except / including / as well as / rather than / more than / no less than +名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。e.g. The teacher with a number of students ( be) in the classroom. e.g. Tom, as much as you, （be）responsible for the loss. e.g. He more than you （be） anxious to go there. 16.“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构，如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名 3 词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the，the only, the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。e.g. John is the only one of the students who (have) the keys. e.g. John is one of the students who （have ）the keys 17. the＋adj./ v-ed / v- ing作主语时，代表整个类