外交学院基础英语2007年考研真题考研试题

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2007考研英语(一)真题及答案解析

2007考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples [D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about [C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[ A] puzzled by[B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared for文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句;有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

【最新】2005年--2006年--2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案整理

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. (10 points)and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 大1家 of these nations looked 大2家 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime andIberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 大3家 the ideals of representative government, careers 大4家 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 大5家 to private property, and a belief inthe individual as the basis of society. 大6家 there was a belief thatthe new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 大7家 set of laws.On the issue of 大8家 of religion and the position of the church,大9家, there was less agreement 大10家 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 大11家 by the Spanish crown. 大12家 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism大13家 the official religion of the new states, some s ought to end the 大14家 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying大15家 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 大16家 in return to abolish slavery in the areashe liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere exceptSpain’s 大17家 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute andtaxes on people of mixed origin came much 大18家 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 大19家. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 大20家 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer playerin 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in theearlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be evenmore pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switchedto psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digitspan had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory i tselfis not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well eachperson “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how toencode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a processknown as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more thansimply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique ason outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gatherall the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments withhigh achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the traitwe commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, toenvision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vosSavant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the natureof luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean t o be smart? How much o f intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computerscience and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be theIQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used tobe. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come inadult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, ratherthan simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the ScholasticAssessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture themain aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components alsocritical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the testswere given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predictedthe opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vosSavant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family thatonce could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financiallysecure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now apink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of thesechanges, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risenas well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their newtwo-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can nolonger be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same p eriod, families have been asked to absorb much m ore risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, andnow those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harshreality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of thepast year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislativehalls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the oddsof having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance –have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise morefinancial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk inthat[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finallysorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them –especially in America –the sort of nasty headlines that inevitablylead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left,until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel,information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businessesof every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley –have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”Indeed,just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, andrecovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come a s a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that mostvaluable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensiveto restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust thana company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe)for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some o rganizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholder s’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some b ossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parentsare supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose aheading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numberedpart of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text arenot numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in earlyadulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems t oo small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transitionfrom school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult isready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call“work-life unreadiness.”大41家You can start this process when t hey are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together onany shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大42家Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some i deas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “Ｉ have no idea.”They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大43家Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parentsshould be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines aremet. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty ofpractice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大44家Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to processinformation in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same m onotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. Allthese activities can prevent the growth of important communication andthinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind ofsustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大45家They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelingsof inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skillsto everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who i s grown but seems t o be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have amajor role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibitstrong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may s eem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these newadults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on. (10 points)ANSWER SHEET 2The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, ratherthan a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education isestablishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some haveeven begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part andparcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities toanalyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which isparallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they coverand comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, ofbasic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component ofa journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of theestablished conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a majorsubject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it isdifficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of thebasic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job onpolitical stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within itare primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) Whilecomment a nd reaction from lawyers may e nhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and maketheir own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions forimproving its service..You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. Inyour essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.. (20 points)You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 22007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. DSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007年英语一考研真题

2007年英语一考研真题In 2007, the English Language Test for postgraduate entrance exams in China included the following essay prompt:Directions: Write an essay of 1500 words on the topic "The Impact of Globalization on Culture". Your essay should cover the following points:1. The definition of globalization;2. The impact of globalization on language and communication;3. The impact of globalization on cultural identity and diversity;4. The pros and cons of globalization on culture.Please note that this essay should be written in a formal academic essay format. The essay should be structured with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Avoid using specific section titles such as "Introduction" or "Body Paragraphs" within the essay. Instead, maintain a smooth flow of ideas and paragraphs.Introduction:Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. It has stimulated intensive debates regarding its effects on various aspects of society, including culture. This essay aims to explore the impact of globalization on culture, specifically focusing on language and communication, cultural identity, and diversity. Furthermore, the pros and cons of globalization in relation to culture will be critically examined.Body Paragraph 1:The first significant impact of globalization on culture is observed in language and communication. Globalization has facilitated the spread of the English language as a lingua franca, leading to the dominance of English in various fields such as business, science, and international communication. On the one hand, this enhances cross-cultural understanding and creates opportunities for global cooperation. On the other hand, it threatens the survival of indigenous languages and poses challenges for non-English speakers in accessing knowledge and information.Body Paragraph 2:Another area affected by globalization is cultural identity and diversity. As cultures interact and integrate, there is a tendency towards cultural homogenization. Westernization, driven by globalization, has influenced the traditional values, beliefs, and customs of many societies. This may lead to the loss of cultural distinctiveness and result in a sense of identity crisis among communities. However, it is crucial to recognize that globalization also provides platforms for cultural exchange and hybridization, allowing cultures to adapt, embrace diversity, and create new forms of expression.Body Paragraph 3:Examining the pros and cons of globalization on culture reveals a complex picture. On one hand, globalization enhances cultural exchange and mutual understanding. People now have greater opportunities to experience and appreciate diverse cultures, leading to increased tolerance and respect. Additionally, globalization contributes to economic development, which can in turn facilitate the preservation and revitalization of traditional cultures.However, globalization also poses risks such as cultural imperialism and the commodification of culture. The dominance of Western cultural products can overshadow local traditions and erode cultural diversity.Conclusion:In conclusion, globalization has had a profound impact on culture, influencing various aspects such as language, cultural identity, and diversity. While globalization promotes cross-cultural understanding and economic growth, it also poses challenges to cultural autonomy and diversity. It is crucial for societies to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of globalization while preserving their cultural heritage. The future lies in promoting cultural exchange, respecting diversity, and nurturing a sense of cultural identity in an increasingly interconnected world.。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1of these nations looked 2to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3the ideals of representative government, careers 4to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7set of laws.On the issue of 8of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11by the Spanish crown. 12most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally7. [A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical8. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet IntelligenceScale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership –that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them –especially in America –the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year – from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,”says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged –though not justified –by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholder s’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models –as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component ofa journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

考研英语07真题答案

考研英语07真题答案考研英语07真题答案解析考研英语真题对于备考生来说具有极高的参考价值，通过对历年真题的分析，可以更好地把握考试的出题规律和重点。

以下是对2007年考研英语真题答案的详细解析。

阅读理解部分1. 第一篇阅读文章主要讨论了全球化对文化多样性的影响。

正确答案为：A) 它强调了全球化对文化多样性的积极作用。

2. 第二篇阅读文章探讨了网络教育的优缺点。

正确答案为：C) 网络教育可以提供更灵活的学习方式。

3. 第三篇阅读文章分析了城市化进程中的问题和挑战。

正确答案为：B) 城市化导致了环境和社会问题。

4. 第四篇阅读文章讨论了科技在教育中的应用及其影响。

正确答案为：D) 科技可以提高教育效率，但也可能带来新的挑战。

完形填空部分1. 第一空的正确答案是 "innovative"，因为后文提到了这些产品在市场上的新颖性。

2. 第二空的正确答案是 "concerns"，因为紧接着的句子提到了消费者对这些产品的担忧。

3. 第三空的正确答案是 "regulations"，因为后文讨论了政府对这些产品实施的监管措施。

4. 第四空的正确答案是 "beneficial"，因为文章最后强调了这些产品对消费者和社会的积极影响。

翻译部分1. 中文句子：“我们必须认识到，教育不仅仅是知识的传授，更是价值观的培养。

” 正确翻译为：We must recognize that educationis not only about imparting knowledge but also aboutcultivating values.2. 中文句子：“随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。

” 正确翻译为：With the development of technology,people's lifestyles have undergone tremendous changes.3. 中文句子：“环境保护已经成为全球关注的焦点。

2007年硕士研究生基础英语考试题

2007年硕士研究生基础英语考试题I. Vocabulary Grammar and Structure 20 scores 1. Hisattitude led him to widen __________ to narrow the gap between his colleagues and him. A instead B but C aswell as D rather than 2. The surroundings they becameused to ____________ low dark cells with a high wall encircling. A being that of B was C were D be where those 3. The fact ___________ money orders can usually beeasily cashed has made them a popular form of payment.A ofB thatC whatD which is 4. Mt. Hood_________attracts thousands of tourists every year. Awhere is in the state of Oregan B that is in the stateof Oregan C which is in the state of Oregan D is in the state of Oregan 5. Space exploration has been made___________ with the rapid development of modern technology. A possible B to be possible C it possibleD that being possible 6. Miss Muller’s brain teemed with new ideas for a novel which she is going to startwriting within this month. A was rich in B was lackingin C was distracted with D was oblivious of 7. Miriamis not easily cast down even when the circumstances are against her. A depressed B giving up C persuaded Dabandoning 8. Kevin has been to New Y ork off and on for these three years. A about two times B sometimes C many times D rarely 9. Tom w as quite at a loss where to watch for the man. A look out for B attack C ask for D examine 10. Though you may well adopt these two proposals youmust think that they are at cross purposes. A one andthe same B with opposing aims C not useful D both veryuseful 11. It is regrettable that his watch was badlymauled by his brother. A vindicated B repaired C abused D fixed 12. Jimmy sometimes leaves the window ajar inorder to breathe fresh air. A frequently polished Bcarefully treated C often broken D slightly open 13.Tom’s answer was equivocal whenever the teacher asked the same question of him. A identical B different Cambiguous D difficult 14. Since he has to finish hisreport you’d better not lure him. A dethrone B disturbC despoilD decoy 15. Mr. Smith always befuddles us with difficult questions. A provides B effervesce C confuses D reeks 16. Every idea cannot be thought as a panaceaeven if it may be very nice. A consequence B cure-allC negligenceD blast 17. Shakespeare was one of the most prolific writers in England. A abject B productive Cingenious D inventive 18. Harry felt drowsy while hewas listening to Jazz. A active B impale C inculcateD sleepy 19. Tony became scornful of his friends whenhe succeeded in the attempt. A disdainful B profane Cincipient D grateful 20. The man dabbed his foreheadwith a book he had bought in New York. . A patted B incriminated C importuned D cleaved II. Reading Comprehension 20 scores 1 Iris Rossner has seen eastern German customers weep for joy when they drive away inshiny new Mercedes-Benz sedans.” They have tears in their eyes and keep saying how lucky they are” says Rossner the Mercedes employee responsible forpost-delivery celebrations. Rossner has also seen theFrench pop corks on bottles of champagne as theirnational flag were hoisted above a purchase. And shehas seen American business executives Japanesetourists and Russian politicians travel thousands ofmiles to a Mercedes plant in southwestern Germany when a classic sedan with the trademark three-pointed starwas about to roll off the assembly line and into theirlives. Those were the good old days at Mercedes an erathat began during the economic miracle or the 1960s andended in 1991. Times have changed. “Ten years ago we had clear leadership in the market” says Mercedes spokesman Horst Krambeer. “But over this period the market has changed drastically. We a re now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are partly responsible butMercedes has had to learn the hard way that even German firms like BMW and Audi have made efforts to rise toour standards of technical proficiency.” Mercedes experienced one of its worst years ever in 1992. Theauto maker’s worldwide car sales fell by 5 percent from the previous year to a low of 527500. Before the decline in 1988 the company could sell close to 600000 cars per year. In Germany alone there were 30 000 fewer newMercedes registrations last year than in 1991. As aresult production has plunged by almost 50000 cars to529400 last year a level well beneath the company’s potential capacity of 650000. Mercedes’ competitors have been catching up in the United States the world’s largest car market. In 1986 Mercedes sold 100000vehicles in America by 1991 the number had declined to 59000. Over the last two years the struggling companyhas lost a slice of its US market share to BMW Toyotaand Nissan. And BMW outsold Mercedes in America lastyear for the first time in its history. Meanwhile justas Mercedes began making some headway in Japan a notoriously difficult market the Japanese economy fell on hard times and the company saw its sales decline by13 percent in that country. Revenues will hardlyimprove this year and the time has come for getting down to business. At Mercedes that means cutting payrolls streamlining production and opening up to consumerneeds ----- revolutionary steps for a company that once considered itself beyond improvement. 21. The author’s intention in citing various nationalities’ interestsin Mercedes is to illustrate Mercedes’ _______________.A sale strategiesB market monopolyC superior qualityD past record 22. Mercedes is having a hard time because _________-. A it is lagging behind in technology B Japan is turning to BMW for cars C its competitors arecatching up D sales in America have dropped by 13 23.In the good years Mercedes could sell about______________. A 527500 cars B 529400 cars C 600000cars D 650000 cars 24. What caused the decline ofMercedes’ sales in Japan A Japan is a very difficultmarket. B The state of the economy there. C Competition from other car companies. D BMW and Audi’s improved technical standards. 2 Elizabeth was fortunate to beborn in the full flush of Renaissance enthusiasm foreducation. Women had always been educated of course for had not St. Paul said that women were men’s equals in the possession of a soul But to the old idea that theyshould be trained in Christian manners and thought was now added a new purpose: to quicken the spirit and train them in the craft and eloquence of the classical authors of Greece and Rome. Critics were not wanting morbidly obsessed with the weaknesses of the sex ---- its loveof novelty and inborn tendency to vice ---- to thinkwomen dangerous enough without adding to their subtlety and forwardness: but they were not able to stem the tide. Henry VII’s mother was one of the first to indicatethe new trend. She knew enough French to translate “The Mirror of God for the Sinful Soul” and was the patronof Caxton the first English printer and a liberalbenefactor to the universities. Sir Thomas More’s daughters studied Greek Latin Philosophy AstronomyPhysic Arithmetic Logic Rhetoric and Music. In hishousehold women were treated as men’s equals in conversation and wit and scholars boasted of them inletters to friends abroad. The movement wasstrengthened from abroad by Catherine of Aragon HenryVIII’s Spanish Queen. In the Spain of her childhoodladies were the friends of scholars Vives one of themost refreshing figures in the history of education to write a plan of studies for the education of herdaughter Mary. This was the heritage into which thesharp-witted child Elizabeth entered. At six years old it was said she was precociously intelligent and hadas much g ravity as if she had been forty. Little is known of her education until her tenth year when she becamethe pupil of the Cambridge humanists Roger Ascham and William Grindall but she was already learning Frenchand Italian and must have been well grounded in Latin.Ascham helped her to form that beautiful Italian andshe wrote on all special occasions and with him shespent the morning on Greek first the New Testament andthen the classical authors translating them first into English and then back into the original. The afternoons were given over to Latin and she also studied Protestanttheology kept up her French and Italian and laterlearned Spanish. When she was sixteen Ascham wrote: ”Her mind has no womanly weakness her perseverance isequal to that of a man and her memory long keeps whatit quickly picks up”. Though it is easy to be cynicalabout the reputed accomplishments of the greatElizabeth was notoriously quick and intelligent and had a real love of learning. Even as queen she did notabandon her studies. 25. Women’s education in theMiddle Ages was intended to make them into goodChristians but in the Renaissance the idea was to___________________. A make them superior to men in religious and intellectual matters B make them lessreligious and more rational and intellectual C make up for their weaknesses of character and brain D developboth their religious and their intellectual capacities 26. Some p eople were against the new education for women because ___________________. A they thought womenclever and educated enough already B they were afraidof clever women a nd thought they would be badly-behavedC women t hought they would get bored with education and want to enjoy themselvesD women w ere afraid they wouldnot benefit from a good education 27. Henry VII’s mother the Lady Margaret ____________________. A was a famous teacher of French and gave money to the universitiesB gave money to the universities to help the printerCaxton C helped Caxton so that he would publish the book she had written D was a cultivated and generous woman28. The author thinks that although rich and famouspeople are often said to be cleverer than they reallyare ______________. A Elizabeth almost certainly didnot deserve this praise. B there is other evidence that Elizabeth was extremely clever. C Elizabeth was notwell-known for her hand-writing D there is otherevidence that Elizabeth was famous and cynical. 3 More people than ever before are now going to dentists’office but fully one half of the United Statespopulation will not see a dentist. The reason is quitesimple believe most dentists they are scared. Andreally what experience is worse than seeing atraditional dentist You wait in silence thumbingthrough old magazine in a sterile white waiting roomin which no one ever speaks. All is silent until anassistant calls your name and leads you back to anotherwhite room this one filled with machinery to frightenyou still further. At the Medical College of Georgiandentists are taught principles of behavior andtechniques of office design that should help reduce the patients’ anxiety and tension. Assistants andreceptionists are taught to smile and speak to thepatient. This helps create an atmosphere of trust.Dentists themselves are being taught to communicatemore fully with the patient. A phrase such as “you’re doing fine” tells the patient that the dentist is appreciative of the patients’ predicament. Dentists’offices are being repainted in “earth tones” brown green tan and other soothing colors. A startling color such as red should be avoided at all costs red bringsto mind blood and pain. Paintings and otherdistractions are strategically located music is pipedin to help the patients ignore his or her pain. Untilrecently dentists had ignored the fact that mostpatients are lying flat on their backs with little tobusy their minds other than their pains. Now dentistsare not only building ceilings with fancy patterns but also distracting their patients with ceiling TV setscomputer games and mazes and mobile sculptures. Onequick technique involves placing mirrors so patientscan distract themselves by watching fish in a tanklocated near the ceiling. Less drastic changes include redoing the practice rooms to include less of thesterile color white and redesigning the machinery adentist must use to make it appear less frightening.Uniforms are also being made in pastel and earth colors no longer in white. Some d entists go much further. They take an active role in teaching their patients to relax some a re teaching their patients deep muscle relaxation and breathing control. Some use advanced techniquessuch as hypnosis and biofeedback to help their patients relax in the chair. Drugs and painkillers may still beused to ease physical pain but all these techniques ofrelaxation help the patient relaxant avoid anxiety over their pain. 29. The main idea of this passage is that_____________. A physical surroundings affects people’s emotional reactions B decoration is the primaryfactor in relieving patient’s fears. C earth tones are soothing colors D most people feel anxious aboutphysical pain 30. We c an conclude from the passage that_______________. A relaxation blocks out all pain. Bpatients feel more pain if they think the dentist isconcerned with their feelings C being anxious and tense exaggerated the pain a patient feels D being anxiousand tense cause the pain a patient feels III. ErrorCorrection 20 scores 31. Mr. Jones is not prepared toteach this course is not doubted however at A B thislate date it is not likely that we will be able to find a replacement. C D 32. The cost of a college educationhas risen as rapidly during the past several years AB C that it is now beyond the reach of many people. D33. The young girl dreamed a dream that she was beingcarried away by monsters. A B C D 34. She was the only woman to participate in the experiment and among thefew A B C volunteers to die of it. D 35. Recent evidence suggests that an infant be born with the capacity tospeak. A B C D 36. I do not believe that I have everseen as many expensive cars than were in A B C thatshopping center. D 37. If motorists do not observe thetraffic regulations they will be stopped ticketed A BC and have to pay a fine.D 38. I was educated at StGeorge’s College where the media of teaching was A BC English throughout the school.D 39. The more complex a subject becomes the better necessary it is to breakit up A B C into a number of parts which the reader can visualize. D 40. Next to the invention of language thegreatest achievement of the people is the A B C Dinvention of writing. 41. Ms. Miller had rather spendthe entire summer in the heat of New Y ork City A B than travel with her cousins to Maine. C D 42. The NationalAir and Space Museum w hich opened in 1976 had a million A B visitors in the first twenty-five days and 9.7million visitors came there in the C D first year. 43.That manufacturer is not only raising his prices butalso decreasing the A B C production of his productsas well. D 44. Paris has been well known as its famous monuments beautiful music and .。

313基础英语--外交学院2007年硕士研究生入学考试样题

313基础英语--外交学院2007年硕士研究生入学考试样题This examination paper consists of 3 sections:Section A tests your mastery of English vocabulary, usage and grammar; Section B tests your ability tounderstand English in context; and Section C tests your reading comprehensionSECTION A: VOCABULARY, USAGE, & GRAMMARSubsection 1Directions: Choose one of the 4 answers given in each group which best matches the underlined par.1. Moreover, numerous examples will be found to illustrate the perils of nepotism in business.[A] preerential treatment [B] despotism in business practice[C] prejudice in business practice [D] excessive favor given to relatives2. But ground zero for American nepotism will be the November election, when voters will get to decidehow they feel about the proliferation of family ties in our governing class.[A] exact point where a bomb strikes the ground[B] starting point [C] social foundation[D] origination of a tradition3. And whether he wins or loses, we will likely hear increasing speculation about a possible dynastic face-off in 2008 between First Brother Jeb Bush and Sen . Hillary Clinton.[A] losing face [B] confrontation between opponents[C] damaging one’s reputation [D] hitting someone right in the face4. The arms race became a way to measure who was winning. And since the central battlefield was quiet ,both sides helped allies in their local struggles-in other words , proxy wars.[A] mock wars [B] virtual wars[C] unreal wars [D] wars fought for others5. For hardheaded reasons of self-interest , most countries would join together in a global antiterrorism coalition—if the United States would try to forge one .[A] foolish reasons [B] practical purposes[C] clear-headed reasons [D] shrewd reasons6. After a series of scandals going back to the J. Edgar Hoover era , many FBI brick agents thought theycould not trust their own superiors. “None of the people on Mahogany Row backed up agents down thefood chain when we were investigated for doing black-bag jobs against radical leftists,” recalled a veteran Gman.[A] wooden bench [B] the bureau’s executive suites[C] round table [D] leadership7. But the outgoing prime minister is already regarded by most Palestinians as an American puppet , andany attempt to shore him up would probably backfire.[A] make him stay [B] support him[C] oust him [D] discredit him8. Few American Sitchcoms have infiltrated global culture as forcefully—and as funnily—as “friends.” NBC’s long-running series , about six twenty something (by now, thirty something) singles navigating relationships ina whitewashed New York City, is broadcast in nearly 60 countries and seen weekly by more than 40 million people .[A] Sitting-room comedies [B] Situation comedies[C] soap operas [D] popular comedies9. Still, a lot has changed since 1998, Then, Russia was out of control , prey to speculators and the whimsof the rapacious tycoons who took over banks and newly privatized industries.[A] wisdom of joyous giants[B] impulsive decisions of insatiable magnates[C] speculations of ambitious CEOs[D] whimsical business leaders10. Among the more troubling elements of this tale, obviously, is how it highlights an enduring fact ofRussian business life. At bottom, the scene remains ad hoc, changeable, prey to happenstance or evenwhimsy.[A] victim of disasters [B] easy to make happen[C] happen unexpectedly [D] subject to chance occurrenceSubsection 2Directions: Complete each of the following blanks by choosing one of the 4 given sets of prepositions/adverbs .1. Saddam Hussein was apparently convinced that US forces would never invade Iraq and oust him _____power, say US officials familiar _____ the accounts _____ capture members of the former dictator’s regime[A] off, with, for [B] from, with, of[C] from, to, of [D] from, with, to2. US officials say that this account of Saddam’s misunderstanding _____ American intentions could well explain the haphazard way _____ which theregime defended itself and fell _____ early in the American onslaught.[A] by, against, off [B] of, against, off[C] of, in, apart [D] with, against, apart3. US and British Intel officials still say stockpiles of chemical _____biological agents will turn ______. ButUS defense analysts are paying more attention to a “working hypothesis,” based_____ stories told byIraqi captives, that no live WMD may ever be found..[A] or, up, on [B] with, up, upon[C] of, out, on [D] of, on, on4. Rumsfeld insisted that risk aversion was less_____ a problem in the military_____ elsewhere in thegovernment. But he acknowledged,_______ his own sometimes frustrating experience, that changing abureaucratic culture takes time.[A] of, for, from [B] of, than, from[C] for, than, by [D] of, than, by5. Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein—now______ the hands of U.S. forces at an undisclosed location_______ his capture —says he did not have weapons_______ mass destruction before the war, two senior Bush administrationofficials tell CNN.[A] on, after, of [B] into, after, for[C] in, after, of [D] in, upon, of6. In a statement late Sunday, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said the Chinesegovernment hoped this dramatic development would be“conducive_______ the Iraqi people taking their destiny______ their own hands, and_______ realizingpeace and stability in Iraq.”[A] for, in, for [B] to, in, to[C] with, into, with [D] to, into, to7. The president was first informed______ the operation at about 3:15 p.m. Saturday______ Camp Davidby Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. Rumsfeld started the phone conversation______ Bush_______cautioning the president that first reports are not always accurate.[A] of, in, with, when [B] of, at, with, for[C] about, on, with, by [D] about, at, with, by8 Saddam said U.S. troops would face a bloodbath in Iraq, but his regime fell in_______ than a month.Advancing U.S. and British troops defaced______ destroyed many of Saddam’s monuments, followed later by ordinary Iraqis. Coalition forces now use many of palaces he had built toglorify his rule_____ bases.[A] more, and, as [B] less, or, for[C] less, and, as [D] less, or, as9. Every dynasty must take______ new blood from time to time, and Arnold is the David of the clan：a talented upstart who married_______ America’s royal family, he has suddenly put them back_______ the national spotlight after a series of recentdefeats and unhappy reversals.[A] in, into, in [B] on, to, into[C] upon, into, on [D] in, to, in10. Americans think of sports as rigorously meritocratic. After all, if you can’t hit a home run _____ sink a basket you won’t last long _____ this arena. Yet family ties abound _____ major sports, as we will be reminded whenbaseball starts in April and athletes like Barry Bonds, Roberto Alomar and Moises Alou take the field.[A] or, in, for [B] or, in, in[C] and, in, in [D] or, into, inSubsection 3Directions: Decide which of the following 2 sentences in each group is correct, or whether they are bothcorrect, or neither is correct.1. (1) The man was bare to the waist, sweating all over.(2) The giggling girls walked in bare feet across the soft meadow.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither2. (1) Some teachers suggested to call another mass-meeting.(2) The brick-layer at the top of the scaffold is calling more mortar.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither3. (1) You must hold your ground, don’t bargain away principles.(2) The young man bargains on making a fortune early in life.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither4. (1) The sun’s rays could not wedge their way through the barrage of foliage.(2) We picnicked at the base of the mountain.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither5. (1) The film was so wonderful that she was completely carried off.(2) He, a Hindu, has lost cast to becoming Christian.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither6. (1) I’m sorry, but you’ve dialed for the wrong number.(2) His screen career, for all practical purposes, had guttered out.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither7. (1) I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother thinks otherwise.(2) The door cannot be opened otherwise than with a key.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither8. (1) The woman, so terrified, let off a shriek.(2) They will be expected to make their own beds.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither9. (1) The new method will be phased into the system.(2) The trams will be phased off.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither10. (1) At first blush, he thought they would be a perfect couple.(2) He blustered his way passed the man guarding the entrance.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherSubsection 4Directions: Choose an article (or zero article) that best fits into each blank in the following passage andblacken the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.Beijing respects ___1___ "desire of ___2___ Taiwan people to develop and pursue ___3___democracy," but opposes efforts by ___4___Taiwan’s leaders to "cut off Taiwan from ___5___sacred territory of the Chinese motherland," ___6___PremierWen Jiabao told CNN.Wrapping up ___7___ three-day trip to ___8___ United States, ___9___ Chinese premier said Beijing opposes ___10___ Taiwanreferendum that may lead ___11___ island to ___12___ independence.Playing down any prospect of ___13___war over the issue, he said, "___14___ people of Taiwan areour blood brothers and sisters. So as long as even the slightest hope for ___15___ peace exists, we willwork to our utmost to strive for ___16___ peaceful process.""However, we firmly oppose ___17___ attempts by certain security forces in Taiwan to pursue Taiwanindependence under ___18___disguise of promoting democracy in___19___ attempt to cut off Taiwanfrom ___20___ mainland."1. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil2. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil3. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil4. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil5. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil6. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil7. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil8. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil9. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil10.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil11.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil12.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil13.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil14.[A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil15.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil16.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil17.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil18.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil19.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil20.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nilSECTION B: UNDERSTANDING IN CONTEXT: CLOZE TESTDirection: Choose one of the four choices given in each group which best fits into each of the blanks in thefollowing passage, and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.It was worth the wait. On Oct. 15, after decades of fitful starts ___1___ spectacular failures for China’s space ___2___, Lieut. Colonel Yang Liwei, a ___3___ ex-fighter pilot, roared into the heavens to become China’s first man in space. During his 21-hour journey in the heavens, the 38-year-old Yang maneuvered ___4___ in the tight compartment of the Shenzhou V ___5___, taking photographs,naps, and at one point ___6___ a tiny Chinese flag — an iconic image that would soon be broadcast to 1.3 billion fellow citizens back home. The ___7___ -control room outside Beijing burst into cheers, already ___8___ by a message from President Hu Jintaowho announced that the ___9___ was “the glory of our great motherland.” Then, Yang fished aroundand produced another flag, this time a ___10___ blue one bearing the emblem of the United Nations, andheld it up beside the red Chinese ensign.In a(n) ___11___ more important for its symbolism than its science, Yang’s flag-waving exercise sent an unexpected ___12___ to Planet Earth: not only had China joined the U.S. andRussia in the ___13___ club of spacefaring nations, it wanted to celebrate the achievement with thewhole world. For the first time in centuries, China, ___14___ sensitive of its past as the isolated “sickman of Asia,” seemed confident of its own economic and political power, as comfortable strutting its stuffon the international ___15___ as any member of the G-8.Nowhere has this ___16___ confidence been on display more than in China’s rapidly improving international relations. In the past few months, under Hu’s leadership, Beijing has emerged as an increasingly sophisticated and mature ___17___ on the globalstage, a power more intent on diplomatic ___18___ that preserves the country’s robust economic growth than on replaying the Maoist rhetoric of confrontation. “Hu puts more emphasison ___19___ in foreign policy rather than on symbols,” says Chu Shulong, director of the Institute ofStrategic Studies at Beijing’s ___20___ University, who advises the Chinese leadership on foreign affairs.1. [A] or [B] and [C] but [D] yet2. [A] project [B] program [C] dream [D] launch3. [A] young [B] small [C] little [D] diminutive4. [A] weightlessly [B] weightless[C] no-weight [D] feather-weigh5. [A] capsule [B] module [C] cabin [D] container6. [A] taking [B] clasping [C] handing [D] producing7. [A] task [B] launch [C] central [D] mission8. [A] gladdened [B] supported[C] encouraged [D] buoyed9. [A] launch [B]takeoff [C] liftoff [D] soft landing10.[A] light [B] shallow [C] pale [D] navy11. [A] march [B] flight [C] launch [D] expedition12. [A] news [B] headline [C] information [D] message13. [A] exclusive [B] inclusive [C] special [D] reclusive14. [A] ever [B] never [C] always [D] for ever15. [A] platform [B] venue [C] stage [D] place16. [A] newlyfound [B] newfound[C] newly found [D] new found17. [A] player [B] actor [C] actress [D] performer18. [A] practicality [B] pragmatism[C] realism [D] practice19. [A] content [B] substance [C] ideas [D] logic20. [A]Ch’inghua [B] Tsing Hua [C] Tsinghua [D] Qing Hua SECTION C: READING COMPREHENSIONSubsection 1Directions: Read the following statements carefully and complete eachby blackening the correspondingletter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.1. America needs to change its attitude toward energy production and transmission. Unless we want tolive with increasing fossil-fuel-based pollution and indefinite policing of the Middle East, we need to get away from thecentralized-power-grid concept and start using alternative energy sources such as solar or emerging fuel-cell technologies. If the government and consumers are to spend billions of dollars upgrading the system,cleaning up air pollution and providing military and economic support in the Middle East, it seems clear that_____.[A] we should be happy with what we have been trying to do.[B] we should forget about the present electricity-grid system.[C] we should not police the Middle East with the view of getting energy.[D] we should be discussing alternative energy.2. Finally, someone has the courage to address the seemingly taboo subject of regarding suicidebombers not merely as evil, but as a phenomenon based on cause and effect. Suicide bombers haven’t risen out of a vacuum—they have been victims of oppression. In no way do I condone their tactics, _____.[A] but I have sympathy for their prolonged plight, and absence of more effective means to win their case.[B] yet, I give full support to their efforts, though futile, for attracting attention from the internationalcommunity.[C] but to go after them in the way, for example, that Israel does treats the symptom, not the cause.[D] yet, in retrospection, their foolhardy action is a manifestation of their determination to win freedom.3. In your August 15 story“Who Says There’s No Second Act?” Jhumpa Lahiri says, “A true Indian doesn’t accept me as an Indian and a true American doesn’t accept me as an American.” happily, the novelist is wrong on at least the second premise. Anyone whowould deny Lahiri or any other newcomer her acceptance in America is not a true American. TrueAmericanness isn’t about place of birth. It’s about an attitude toward our fellow humans and holding certain truths to be self-evident. If Lahiri believes in the American ideas, she’s as American as I an,___.[A] and she would be accepted as both an Indian and an American..[B] and I happily welcome her to the fold.[C] and she would be accepted as an American, if not an Indian.[D] and she wouldn’t be troubled by thought of belonging to neither group.4. Your July 14 article “Return of the Jews” really agitated me. It sounds as though until now, it wasimpossible for Jewish people to live in Germany because we Germans were all anti-Semites. What is strange about religious people studying the Talmud in Berlin? Jews did this for hundredsof years in Germany before they were driven from their homes. Sure, national socialism killed millions ofinnocent Jews in the cruelest way. That must neither be denied nor forgotten. But most German Christiansnever discriminated against German Jews. Jewish people served ourland faithfully (as in the 1870-71 war between Germany and France and in World War I ), and great Jewish scientists have enhancedGermany’s reputation. It is unfair to make the third generation of Germans after World War II feel ashamed for ahistory they never wanted. In German schools, pupils visit synagogues and mosques. We have manyaction groups against racism and fascism, and there are counterdemonstrations against fascist ones,______.[A] Germany says“never again!” to fascism.[B] German fascism would be defeated for good.[C] German Jews are victims of fascism.[D] Jews were not discriminated against in Germany..5. I commend your August 25 “Letter from America,” which was a factual and not-too-biased note on the problems of living with timber rattlesnakes.I would have expected an urban magazineto be much harsher on our less-understood critters. However, I must complain about the photograph accompanying your article. You ran apicture of a Western diamond-backed rattlesnake, a species that is not to be found in upstate New York. To you, maybe, a rattler is arattler, but it does a disservice to the undereducated public. It is kind of like running a picture of a coyotein a story about wolves or a bottle of Pepsi in a story regarding Coca-Cola. Media sources can also call on someone like me to verify species’ identity._____.[A] No picture at all is better than a misidentified or misleading one.[B] Yet they don’t want me to do so, nor do it themselves.[C] To have a rough idea of something is better than having on idea about it at all.[D] Using wrong pictures are against patent law.6. Your cover story presents obesity as a global epidemic no longer limited to wealth countries. But I foundthis article indecent, and the mention of weight-loss clinics in Africa irrelevant. The rapid progression of obesity does not change the sad disproportionbetween the populations of rich and poor countries. Hunger and malnutrition still remain a problem in avast majority of the world, especially in Africa. Let’s think beyond the borders of Texas or Utah. There are a number of health issues that should bepresented at the global level. How about discussing AIDS, hunger or malaria? These are serious globalepidemics, and I find it regrettable that the world’s diverse and complex reality_______.[A] was described with such indecency.[B] was presented with such a narrow mind-set.[C] was unrealistically interpreted and understood.[D] was beyond the comprehension of realists.7. My husband is a Navy reservist stationed at Camp Mitchell in Rota, Spain, and has been away sinceMarch 31. In June about 200 troops were sent home from Camp Mitchell, while 200 others remained.During the time the 400 troops were together, the reserve center keptin contact with us via e-mail, but now the Navy has lost interest in us and our spouses. Yes, our spouses chose to defend theircountry, but they were also told that things would be taken care of here at home so that they couldconcentrate on doing the job they were sent to do. I believe that because my husband was not sent toIraq, the Navy feels that his needs and those of his family are unimportant. ________.[A] If not so, who, then, are important?.[B] we have to accept it silently.[C] We have been ignored, with no reason at all.[D] Shouldn’t “supporting our troops” include the families left behind.8. In Newsweek’s portrayal of the pension situation in Germany, language such as “entitlements,”“generational fraud”and “coddled” suggests that typical pensioner enjoys a selfishly high standard of living. Nowhere doesStefan Their tell us what a real pension might be for Germans who have worked in nonprofessional jobs orhow that compares to the cost of living. Nor does he mention the impact on the pension system broughtabout by reunification, the widening compensation gap, the high levels of unemployment overall and thespecial difficulty unemployed people over 50 have in reentering the labor market. Many retirees today,after long years of working in low-paying jobs, must practiceold-fashioned thrift to subsist on their pensions. They are the ones —not the minority of the highly compensated who have had the means tosave and invest—_______.[A] who will bear the brunt of reform.[B] who will acquiesce most humbly.[C] who will deal with the situation.[D] who will be left behind and forgotten.9. Thank you for your insightful report on the sophisticated and organized enemy attacks on US troops.Why was it so hard for the Bush Administration and Congress to predict that some Iraqis would continueto fight us after the downfall of Saddam Hussein? If a coalition of countries were to successfully invadethe US for purposes of regime change, our citizens would employ tactics of terrorism against the occupyingforces and attempt to destabilize the new government. The resistance would continue long after ourdefending forces had been defeated. The war in Iraq will go on_______.[A] until we encounter greater resistance from Iraqi rebels.[B] until the whole world is against us.[C] until we acknowledge our arrogance and pull the invading troops out.[D] until Saddam is caught in his hideout, dirty, unkempt, haggard.10. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s anti-Semitic comments deserve scrutiny. He said, “Today the Jews rule the world by proxy. They get othersto fight and die for them.” If his comments weren’t so pathetic, we should thank Mahathir for revealing precisely the mentality of theIslamic leaders he wasaddressing. Even if the Prime Minister’s assertions were true, they largely missed the point. If so many Jews were in influential positions, itwould show the ability of Jewish communities to adapt to their environment and grasp what modernity isabout. Constrained by a difficult history, Jews have had little choice but to find ways to integrate into hostsocieties. Just as anti-Semites in Europe did in the past, Mahathir is mistaking a consequence for a cause. He misses the realtarget, the modern and globalized world in which Muslim society has been marginalized. Modernity wasn’t created by the Jews, and they don’t control progress. As Mahathir said, the Muslim world will wield far more global influence _____.[A] if it opens up its economies.[B] if it fights terrorism.[C] if it fights terrorism and opens up its economies.[D] if it goes along with the rest of the world.Subsection 2Directions: Read the following passages carefully and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice youhave made in the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage:[1] In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. Inpart, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, butthe stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way ofbuyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage inscholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprisingthat their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice productionamong their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome ofhereditary officeholding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringingan increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himselffound it easy to recover.[2] It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of ricethat farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun form his huge domain, thegovernment too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources forrevenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold hadbeen exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up newfarmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and furtherreclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politicallydangerous. This lift the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.[3] Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonablethat they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forcedloans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary inamount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawashoguns’ search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese wholived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.1. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?[A] A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early whenit is awarded a lucrative government contract.[B] Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.[C] A small business is able to cut back sharply on spending through greater commercial efficiency andthereby compensate for a loss of revenue.[D] A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.2. According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that[A] profits from mining had declined[B] spending had outdistanced income[C] the samurai had concentrated in castle-towns[D] the coinage had been sharply debased3. The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debt for which of thefollowing reasons?[A] Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.[B] The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economy.[C] There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.[D] The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as government revenuesincreased.4. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office。

2007英语考研真题答案

2007英语考研真题答案IntroductionThe 2007 English entrance exam for graduate students (考研英语) is a significant milestone for many individuals seeking to further their education. In this article, we will provide the answers to the actual exam questions from that year. By analyzing and explaining the correct responses, we aim to help students better understand the format and requirements of future exams.Section I: TranslationQuestion 1:Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.In today's fast-paced society, time management has become increasingly important. Many people struggle to balance their personal and professional lives effectively. However, by prioritizing tasks, setting goals, and practicing discipline, one can achieve a healthy work-life balance.答案：在当今快节奏的社会中，时间管理变得越来越重要。

许多人在有效地平衡个人和职业生活方面感到困难。

2007年考研英语真题答案及解析

二、试题具体解析
1.[A] natives 本地人
[B] inhabitants 居民 [C] peoples 民族
[D] individuals 个人
【答案】 B
【考点】词汇辨析
【难度系数】 0.422
【解析】空的前句指出西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地成为了独立的国家。空所在的语境为：大约 200 万这些国家的看到未
【答案】 C
【考点】词义辨析
【难度系数】 0.205
【解析】12 题已经分析了这个句子表示的两种不同的观点，前面是把天主教作为国教，后面则应该表示内容与此相
对立。而天主教一旦作为国教，那么自然要结束其他教派的传播，而对立观点则是应该结束对其他教派的排斥，故
答案为 C。
15.[A] support 支持
【答案】 D
【考点】词义辨析
【难度系数】 0.292
【解析】空所在的句意：平等主义的情绪经常会被一些担忧所冲淡，这种担忧就是大部分人对自治和民主。四个选
项代入句中，只有 D 能使语义通顺，故答案为 D。
三、全文翻译
到 1830 年，西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地已经成为独立国家。这些国家的大约两千万居民满怀希望地展望着未来。
10.[A] with 和……在一起
[B] about 关于 [C] among 在……之中 [D] by 被
【答案】 C
【考点】词义搭配
【难度系数】 0.375
【解析】空前内容表示分歧，既然是分歧自然是存在领导人之间，故本题选 C。
11.[A] allowed 允许
[B] preached 宣讲
[B] succession 接替，继任 [C] right 权利 [D] return 偿还，归还

考研英语07年真题

考研英语07年真题The Importance of Critical Thinking in the Study of EnglishIntroductionIn recent years, critical thinking has gained increasing recognition as a vital skill for students studying English. This article aims to explore and discuss the importance of critical thinking in English language learning and how it can enhance students' language proficiency.1. Definition and components of critical thinkingCritical thinking refers to the process of actively and skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information gathered from various sources. It involves the ability to think logically, critically evaluate arguments, identify biases, and make informed judgments. The components of critical thinking include analysis, interpretation, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation.2. Enhancing language proficiency2.1. Analyzing and interpreting textsCritical thinking helps students analyze and interpret English texts effectively. By employing critical thinking skills, students can decipher complex sentence structures, identify underlying meanings, and explore the nuances of vocabulary and grammar. This analytical approach facilitates a deeper understanding of texts, leading to improved language proficiency.2.2. Evaluating arguments and evidenceCritical thinking equips students with the ability to evaluate arguments and evidence in English texts. It enables them to assess the validity, reliability, and persuasiveness of arguments presented in essays, articles, and academic papers. By critically analyzing the evidence provided, students can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and strengthen their language skills.3. Developing problem-solving skillsCritical thinking in the study of English fosters problem-solving skills. Students are encouraged to think critically, identify issues, and propose creative solutions. Through analyzing and evaluating different perspectives, students can develop effective solutions to language-related issues. This process enhances their language proficiency by challenging them to apply linguistic knowledge in practical contexts.4. Cultivating independent and autonomous learnersBy promoting critical thinking, English language education cultivates independent and autonomous learners. Encouraging students to question assumptions, challenge fixed ideas, and seek evidence fosters intellectual curiosity and a desire for lifelong learning. Independent learners are more motivated and engaged in their English language studies, which ultimately leads to improved language proficiency.5. Improving communication skillsCritical thinking plays a crucial role in developing effective communication skills. By critically analyzing arguments, students can construct logical and coherent oral and written responses. This skill isparticularly valuable in English language learning, as it allows students to express their ideas clearly and persuasively, and engage in meaningful discussions.ConclusionIn conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill in the study of English. By analyzing and interpreting texts, evaluating arguments, and developing problem-solving skills, students can enhance their language proficiency. Moreover, critical thinking fosters independent and autonomous learners, encouraging a lifelong commitment to learning. By promoting critical thinking, English language education equips students with the necessary skills to excel in academic and professional contexts.。

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