高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案专题6 动词和动词短语

对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。

一、常考的十类动词及词组

1．连系动词

特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：

(1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。

(2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。

(3) 状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。

(4) 外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。

2．感官动词和使役动词

常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。

常考的使役动词有make, have, keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：

He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting

【解析】 D catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。

3．不用被动语态的动词及动词短语

英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。

(1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。

这类动词有：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如：

This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.

这种布耐洗而且耐用。

The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。

Written in simple English, this article reads easily.

因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。

(2) 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。

这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如：

This shop opens much earlier than it used to.

这家商店比过去开门更早了。

Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。

(3) 某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。

这类动词及词组有：happen, occur, cost，come out(出版)，turn up(被找到)，come into being(产生)，come to one's mind(想起)，come into use(开始使用), turn out(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。

Suddenly an idea came to his mind.

他突然想到一个主意。

Who is to blame for breaking the vase?

打碎花瓶应由谁负责？

The problem finally came up at the meeting.

这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。

Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong.

即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。

(4) “主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”句式中。

当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如：

The physics problem is easy to work out.

这道物理题很容易算出来。

A guide is expensive to employ.

雇用向导花钱很多。

This kind of fish is not fit to eat.

这种鱼不适合吃。

4．接动名词作宾语的动词或词组

常见的有：avoid, can't help, can't stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。如：

The bird was lucky to escape being caught.

这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。

He is always practicing playing the piano after school.

他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。

5．接不定式作宾语的动词

常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，want等。如：He can't afford to buy such an expensive car.

他买不起这么贵的车。

Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.

汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。

6．表示“需要”意义的动词

这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.＝Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。

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come true实现 come back to life苏醒过来 come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质 come about发生，造成 come across偶遇 come to light为人所知，显露 come up走近；上升；被提出 come on快点；开始 come over过来 come up with提出；想出 7．come into use开始被使用 come into sight/view出现在眼前；映入眼帘 come into power/office就职，上台执政 come into existence开始存在；形成 come into effect/force/operation开始生效/执行/实施8．cut down削减；砍倒 cut in插嘴；超车；插入 cut up切碎；抨击 cut out删除 cut through刺穿；抄近路走过 cut off切断；中断；使死亡 9．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from因……而死 die down减弱；平息 die off相继死亡 be dying for很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth.极想做某事 10．come to an end结束 put/bring sth.to an end结束……

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