新编英语语法教程第五版1 Sentence Structure
新编英语语法教程第五版课后翻译答案解析
语法翻译P681.今天上午你干了多少活儿？（work）How much work have you done this morning?2.开凿隧道需要大量的劳动力。
（labour）To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour3.他做了最少的工作。
（work）He’s done the least work.4.处理这一问题有几种方法。
（method）There are several methods of approaching this problem5.我不懂多少语法。
I know little French.6.少说空话（empty talk）多干事实（practical work）There must be less empty talk but more practical work.7.有多少人出席招待会吗？There must be less empty talk but more practical work.8.我可以和你谈几句话吗？（words） May I have a few words with you?9.今天参观展览会的人数比昨天少。
There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.10.哈利犯的错误最少。
（Harry） Harry made the fewest mistakes.11.我读的诗（poetry）和做的练习都比较多。
You’ve learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have. 12.杰克做的工作最多，犯的错误也最多。
Jack’s done the most work and made the most mistakes.13.他做了很多工作，也犯了很多错误。
英语语法Sentence-Structure
consent, desisted.
C1 Simple Sentence
SV
O
I know of many cases
where
Complex Clause
2. To divide the predicate into two parts: the operator and the
Thpe roepderiactaortion.
the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase The predication the main verb with its complementation
Innumerable authentic sentences are structured on the basis of these clause types.
1) Basic Clause Types
• The seven basic clause types
arSeV: C
SV SVA
2) Two Ways of Sentence
Analysis
1. To divide the predicate into predicate verb(incl:auxiliary), object, complement and adverbial. These elements together with the subject make the five cFlaivuesCelaeulseemEleenmtesn.ts
新编英语教程5_unit1_教学课件
Alan Warner
I. Pre-reading Questions
Have you ever hit a nail into a box? What‟s the correct way of doing it? Can you see the connection between the proverb and our writing?
III. Organization of the Text
1. An analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words (Paragraph 1) 2. The significance of finding the right words (Paragraphs 2 --- 3)
3. Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4 --- 7) (1). Example 1 (human vs. humane) (Paragraph 4) (2). Example 2 (anxiety vs. eagerness) (Paragraph 5) (3). Example 3 (singularity vs. singleness) (Paragraphs 6 – 7)
The author advises that the English students should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in their writing.
新编英语语法教程PPT课件
a word or phrase that describes or limits the meaning of another word in a sense
Sense and voice
Sense
indicates when an action or state occurs (past, present, or future)
Introduce clauses that modify nouns or pronouns (e.g., "who," "which," "that")
Used to ask questions about nouns or pronouns (e.g., "who," "what," "which")
Voice
indicates which subject of the presence performs the action (active voice) or receives the action (passive voice)
Subjunctive mood
Subjunctive mood
03 Nouns and Pronouns
Types and Usage of Nouns
Generic names for people, places, or things (e.g., "dog,"
"city")
Co mm on No uns
Refer to ideas, concepts, or qualities
Background
英语语法教程1.A brief account of the English sentence structures
C) The modifying elements include attributives and adverbials. Adjectives, nouns and pronouns can all be attributives, but only adverbs can be used as adverbials. D) Non-finite verbs including infinitives, -ing participle and -ed participle, not only have the features of the verb but can also demonstrate the characteristics of the noun, or the adjective, or the adverb. E) Prepositions, determiners and conjunctions are all “structure words”, also called “form words”, because they are not used alone to form sentence elements, instead, they collocate with the noun or the verb to form phrases and function as sentence elements, the “noun phrase” and the “verb phrase” in particular.
1.5 Sentence elements and classes of words
A) Sentence elements can be classified into principal elements, related elements and modifying elements. The principal elements refer to the subject and predicate verb, with nouns and pronouns working as the former, and with verbs as the latter. B) The related elements refer to the object and compliment. Nouns and pronouns can be used as the object, while nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs can all be used as the compliment.
新编英语教程5.unit1知识点
Hit the Nail on the Head教学时数：4学时教学目的与要求：通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟悉课文内容，掌握新的英语词汇和理解课文基本大意，能够对课文的主旨进行简单总结和评论，并独立完成本单元练习题。
教学重点：重点句子的理解。
教学难点：creep, loiter, march, meander, pace, patrol, plod, prowl, ramble, roam, saunter, shuffle, stagger, stalk, step, tread, trudge,and walk的词义辨析。
About Style语体（文体；风格）1. variation in a person‘s speech or writing. Style usually varies from casual to formal according to the type of situation, the person or persons addressed, the location, the topic discussed, etc. a particular style, e.g.a formal style or a colloquial style, is sometimes referred to as a stylistic variety (语体类型)。
Some linguists use the term ―register‖ for a stylistic variety whilst others differentiate between the two.2. Style can also refer to a particular person‘s use of speech or writing at all times or to a way of speaking or writing at a particular period of time, e.g. Dickens‘s style, the style of Shakespeare, an 18th–century style of writing.About the author:Alan Warner(1912- ), English teacher at Makerere College, Kampala, Uganda. The selection is Chapter 7 of his book A Short Guide to English Style (1961), which consists of three parts: Part One, How to write clean English; Part Two, the development of English style; and Part Three, English styles today. In writing the book, the author has tried to keep in mind the special needs and difficulties of those students for whom English is not the mother tongue.I．Background Information1．Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), French novelist, was associated with,thought not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of nineteenth-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, e xtreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.2. Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan‘s comedy The Rivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of word s. ―As headstrong as an allegory (alligator) on the banks of the Nile‖ is one of her grotesque misapplications. She also requests that no delusions (allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism as a name for such mistakes.(谢里丹Sheridan，Richard Brinsley, 英国剧作家，政治家。
SentenceStructure五种基本句型讲解
总结：
这种句型中的动词大多是不__及__物__动__词____动词， 这种动词后不可以_直__接__接__宾__语___。常见的动词 如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系 动词) ＋ Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。 其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep，feel等。如：
5) I don’t know what I should do next.
总结：
这种句型中的动词一般为__及__物____动词,
这种动词后可以_直__接__加___宾__语__，其宾语
名词、代词、动词不 通常由定___式__、__动__名___词__或__从__句___等来充当。
四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语) ＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓 语) ＋ Object (宾语) 例：
1) He took his bag and left.
2) Li Lei always helps me .
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.
4) I like running.
Sentence Structure 句型结构
英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) 如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.
新编英语语法教程
新编英语语法教程《新编英语语法教程》(第五版)练习参考答案Lecture 1 Sentence StructureEx. 1A1. A. his home workB. quickly, to play2. A. The huge black horseB. the race3. A. have thought aboutB. going into space4. A. warms up and crawlsB. out of the bag5. A. one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescopeB. because of the many rings that surround it6. A. 165 yearsB. to complete its path, or orbit, around the sun7. A. you and your brotherB. How many pairs of shorts8. A. the most expensive meal listed on the menuB. What9. A. an “Outdoor Code”B. their members10. A. can blowB. as fast as 180 miles (290 kilometers) an hour11. A. The spiral of heated air and moist airB. to twist and grow and spin12. A. The direction a hurricane’s spiral movesB. counterclockwise13. A. does not shineB. At the north pole; for half of the year14. A. The cold winds that blow off of the Arctic OceanB. a very cold place15. A. might have beenB. guilty of murderEx. 1B1. SVCWithin the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller.2. SVThe bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground.3. SVOOn August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima.4. SvoOThree days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.5. SVOCThe explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expense of reddish rubble.6. SVAWithin the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot.7. SVOAA tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal, and wood over the ground.Ex. 1C1. Walden Pond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty, is now the site of many tourist stands.2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows, marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome. / Sweeping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night, the cooling northeast wind made…3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plunging down to join in the valley below.4. With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade, this is a good spot for a picnic, and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll.5. Panting for breath after running up the stairs, Mr wood stood at his neighbour’s door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.6. The town folk envied Horace, who had come into a small fortune with which he bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.7. Standing in front of the mirror, Jim looked at his image, wondering at the big change that had come over him in recent years.8. The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive him almost drove him mad.9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in 17th century France.10. Mud-covered and shivering, John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by his father to drive off the chill.11. Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pine trees growing on the steep of a hill stand fiveChinese-style pavilions. 12. Farther down the street, the old man stopped and leaned against a lamp-post, listening to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the opposite side of the street.13. Sarah sank in the nearest chair, completely exhausted, her limbs stiff with cold, her mind a piece of blank.14. Throughout the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly, her pleasant, refined face wearing a grave look, her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning while occasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.15. Tony thought it necessary to break the news to his family, that Mr Jacob, his former employer, had promised him a half-day job at 20 pounds a week. 16. The thought that he might have wronged his friend who had rendered him good services on many occasions troubled his mind, already overburdened with worries and cares.17. The men of the disbanded royal bodyguard, suddenly turned loose onto the street of a capital seething with unrest, unemployed and perhaps disgruntled at their abrupt dismissal, were a potentially dangerous element.18. For many years London has been a business centre with hotel accommodation for visiting businessmen together with well-to-do travellers but completely inadequate for the swarms of shout-stay tourists landing at Heathrow or disembarking at Dover.19. Nearing the top, he climbed recklessly faster and faster, his eyes already glowing with triumph, but suddenly he slipped and fell, tumbling to the ground and lying motionless there, a crumpled pile of arms and legs.20. Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons whohave received both the Order of Merit, which was conferred on him by the British government in 1949, and the Nobel Prize for literature, conferred in Norway in 1950.Lecture 2 Subject-verb Concord (I)Ex. 2A1. come2. are3. has / have4. are5. are6. are7. was / were8. is9. costs 10. were 11. are 12. are 13. was 14. are 15. lie 16. were 17. are 18. is 19. is 20. was 21. Has 22. were 23. is 24. is 25. are 26. is 27. are 28. cover, are 29. is / are 30. was/wereEx. 2B1. were2. have3. is, is4. was5. were6. is7. is8. are9. is 10. are, are11. have 12. are, their, their 13. was, It, was 14, It / They, is / are 15. are, their, they, disapprove 16. were, they 17. was 18. are 19. were 20. wereLecture 3 Subject-verb Concord (II)1. is2. was3. is4. has5. were6. means7. is8. is9. is 10. is 11. were 12. sells 13. is 14. are 15. are 16. are 17. is 18. is 19. was 20.provides 21. are 22. was 23. stops 24. is 25. is 26. does 27. produces 28. is 29. is 30. wasEx. 3B1. ’s2. are3. is4. are5. is6. was7. is8. were9. is 10. ’s 11. is 12. is, is, is 13. are 14. is 15. have 16. is 17. are 18. looks 19. are 20. are 21. understand 22. has 23. was 24. have 25. was 26. was 27. are 28. is 29. is 30. was 31. is 32. is / are 33. leaves 34. is / are 35. are 36. are 37. is 38. comes 39. is 40. live 41. are 42. points / point 43. are 44. is 45. are 46. was 47. is / are 48. is 49. has 50. wasEx. 3C1. is / are2. is / are4. is / are5. is / are6. remain7. is8. are9. has / have 10.care / cares 11. is 12. plays 13. is 14. am 15. are / is 16. was 17. is, has 18. was 19. come 20. isLecture 4 Noun and Noun PhraseEx. 4A1. description2. arrangement3. attendance4. peculiarity5. expectation6. argument7. dependence8. originality9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity 12. persistence 13. extension 14. statement 15. generosity 16. entrance 17. loneliness 18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousness Ex. 4B1. strange sounds2. foods are3. chief, tribes, their, salmon (s)4. The runners-up were given pound notes / The runners-up were each given a pound note.5. bodies, their heroes6. mice, tooth-marks7. Crises, occur, families9. / 10. these businesses 11. / 12. fruits are 13. / 14. these articles are well written 15. / 16. several personal kindnesses 17. / 18. sufferings 19. professors 20. children are playing, sands Ex. 4C1. experience2. waters3. for advice4. an important piece of information5. for it is fun6. were not numerous7. Poultry8. directors are9. militia 10. geniuses 11. merchandise has 12. sympathies13. experiences 14. were times, rivalry 15. clippings, were 16. lookers-on 17. foliage is 18. photos 19. 12-pages 20. Luggage is Ex. 4D1. blade2. piece3. choir4. flash5. lump6. gang7. grain8. head9. staff 10. collection 11. fleet 12. cluster 13. bundle 14. bunch 15. team 16. piece 17. ear 18. bar 19. herd 20. pack 21. flock 22. crowd / swarm 23. troupe 24. bench 25. grove 26. collection 27. suite 28. squadron 29. band 30. libraryEx. 4E2. C3. A4. D5. C6. C7. B8. D9. A 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. BLecture 5 Genitive NounEx. 5A1. my father has a car2. the bull has horns3. the prisoner escaped4. her parents consented5. somebody released the prisoner6. somebody assassinated the President7. a letter from the general / the general sent a letter8. the crowd felt sympathy9. a college for women10. a summer day, a day in the summer11. the earth has a (rough) surface12. the absence lasted ten days13. a doctoral degree, a doctorate14. the bird made the nest15. the committee made a report16. a story told by the girl / the girl told a story17. the volcano erupted18. the victim had courage / the victim was courageous19. somebody punished the boy20. the critics received the play in a hostile mannerEx. 5B1. The comedian performed, and he was well received by a huge audience.这位喜剧演员的演出很受广大观众的欢迎。
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The subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about. And it is generally realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrases. The predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader.
Linking / Copular verbs: a. current copular verb: describe a state. e.g. be, feel, smell, taste, stay, look, keep, sound, appear
b. resulting copular verb: denote a change of state e.g. become, come, fall, go, get, grow, turn, prove
Lecture 1 Sentence Structure
Teaching Contents
1.1. Clause elements
1.2. Basic clause types and their transformation and expansion
Owing to the various sentence structures in a language, what is described here as sentence structure, sentence elements, or sentence patters is only concerned with the simple sentence or rather with the clause. 1.1. Clause elements The clause or the simple sentence is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of "subject + predicate". 1) Subject and predicate
A: modifications --- Last Saturday, an old woman worker told the students the bitter story of her childhood. B: coordination and subordination --- Most us were in the hall, the doors had been closed and later comers had to wait outside. --- You can call him what you like, but you won’t make him what he isn’t.
E. SVOC subj. + complex transitive verb + object + complement The relationship between the object and complement can be paraphrased with either “be” or “become”. e.g. She found it cold here. =…that it was cold here. The Airport Operators Council re-elected him president. F. SVA Subj. + V. + Adverbial e.g. I live in Beijing.
2) Two ways of sentence analysis a. subject + predicate: Predicate verb + Object + Complement + Adverbial Nhomakorabea
b. subject + predicate: Operator (the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase) + Predication
B. SV subj. + intransitive verb e.g. Iron rusts. Everybody laughs. C. SVO subj. +(mono)transitive verb + object e.g. I want a return ticket.
D. SVOO Double Object / Ditransitive Construction (DOC) subj. + ditransitive verb (give, send, teach, show, tell…) + indirect object (IO) + direct object (DO) e.g. I gave *(John) a book. Someone left (you) this note.
2) Transformation and expansion of basic clause types The basic clause types are all affirmative statements with verbs in the active voice. An affirmative one can be transformed into a negative; a statement into a question; and an active into a passive; all these add varieties to the basic clause types. They can also be expanded into larger grammatical units through adding modifiers.
G. SVOA subj. + transitive verb + object + obligatory adverbial e.g. Put / place a note on my door. The adverbial in the SVOA pattern most typically expresses location. It differs from ordinary locative adverbials in that it does not specify the circumstances of the action ‘placing’, ‘putting’, etc., but rather describes where the referent of the direct object ends up.
e.g. [All the men] [[have done] [their best]].
1.2. Basic clause types and their transformation and expansion 1) Basic clause types A. SVC subj. + linking verb + complement She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer.