英语基础语法专练定语从句
英语基础语法专练定语从句
1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
3. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
4. Mr Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.
A. such, that
B. such, as
C. so, that
D. so, as
5. She may have missed the train, in _______ case she won’t arrive for another hour.
A. whose
B. that
C. which
D. what
6. If he’s only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
7. It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that
B. that, which
C. which, which
D. that, where
8. I believe the time will soon come ______ there will be no weapons in the world.
A. since
B. that
C. where
D. when
9. The meeting was put off, _____, of course, was exactly what we wanted.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
10. The train, _____ takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, _____ takes three.
A. which, it
B. it, which
C. which, which
D. it, it
11. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _____ some green trees.
A. which is
B. it is
C. which are
D. them are
12. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. which
13. The crisis has reached a point ______ the receiver will have to be called in.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. who
14. In 1980 he caught a serious illness from _____ effects he still suffers.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. what
15. I’m looking for a new job, one _____ I get a bit more job satisfaction.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
16. They found a strange book, parts of _____ were difficult to understand.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. this
17. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew
B. they grew once
C. that once grew
D. once grew
18. What have you got _____ will help a cold?
A. what
B. that
C. it
D. who
19. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
20. Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you’re wearing!
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
【参考答案】
1—5 BCBBC 6—10 DADBC 11—15 CDBCB
16—20 BCBCD
2020届中考语法专练之定语从句讲解及配套真题专练
2020届中考语法专练之定语从句讲解及配套真题专练 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别： III. as与which的区别：
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 定语从句 1. The charities have helped more children with the money _______ people raise. (2019.江苏淮安) A. who B. what C. where D. which 2.Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people. （2019福建） A. who B. which C. what 3. The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth. (2019甘肃兰州) A. who B. which C. where D. when 4. —Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ? (2019甘肃天水) —Yes. It's the best one______________ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C.what D.it 5.I prefer music_____has great lyrics（2019甘肃敦煌).
高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
英语定语从句用法总结
英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如： It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或 宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只
【语法专项训练】高中定语从句练习题(带答案)
定语从句（1） 1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others. A. who B. whom C. they D. that 2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working 3 . Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai. A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone 4. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 5. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 6. He is a man of great knowledge, ______ much can be learned. A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom 7 Do you know the man ______ just now? A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him. 8. The man ______ has gone to Japan. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 9. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black. A. which B. its C. whose D. which of 10. The radio set ______ last week has been out of order. A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought 11. All the apples ______ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. A. which B. / C. that D. they 12. I can tell you ______ he told me last week. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that 13. This is the biggest lab ______ we have ever built in our university. A. which B. what C. that D. where 14. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn?
九年级英语语法定语从句专题复习
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人), that（指人或物）, which(指物)等。 关系副词有： when（时间）, where(地点), why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ① who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗（who / that在从句中作主语） He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ② whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose/of which cover（封面）is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③ which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Rosa likes music that/which is quite and gentle.（which / that在句中作宾语）This is the book (that/which) I'm looking for.（which / that在句中作look for 的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ① when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如： Do you remember the day when I saw you(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ② that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，
定语从句用法总结
定语从句用法总结 一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句） ] 注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other 四．基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。) 五．定语从句中常见考点：
高考语法填空(定语从句专项练习)
定语从句讲与练 一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如： (先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl （ ） three boys （ ） a shoe factory （ ） Jim ’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ） the man standing at the door （ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征： 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. 定语从句的主要特征： （1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分； （2）what 永远不能引导定语从句； （3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的” 三、定语从句的基本用法： 定语从句 的引导词 关系代词 关系 副词 where (地点状语) when (时间状语)why (原因状语) （一）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 分析：关系词who 在从句中作主语。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 You needn ’t talk to the people who you don ’t like talking to. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：关系词_____ 在从句中作________。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 分析：关系词____在从句中作________ He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_________________________________ 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。 I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。 We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_________________________ 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.＝The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?＝Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词＝ ___________________________ 4．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉语:____________________ 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译成汉语：___________________________ 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。 5．that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom ；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (1)
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
定语从句用法归纳完整版
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定语从句用法归纳 篇一：定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在
英语语法专项复习——定语从句
学考英语学习资料之语法专项补充 -定语从句? 第?部分：基础知识学习（PPT） 第?部分：学习效果检测 1. The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film. 2. It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. It was 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. 3. Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born? 4. Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born? 5. In the dark street, the re wasn’t a single person ___ she could turn for help. 6. The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim′s gold watch and Della′s hair. 7. Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late. 8. Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain. 9. We need the same machine ______ is being used in your factory. 10．______ the people, not things ______ are most important. 11.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won. 12.This is the only book ______ I want to read. 13.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ I missed the bus. 14.The problem ______ you thought about has been completely settled. 15.Is this the tape-recorder ______you wish to have repaired? 第三部分易错点剖析 误区1：在从句中误加与关系代词同义的?称代词。 —This is the book that I have read _____ dozens of times.
初中英语定语从句的用法归纳
初中英语定语从句用法归纳 定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)
2020高考英语易错语法点专题九 定语从句(解析版)
2020高考英语易错语法点专题九定语从句（解析版） 1.(2019·全国卷II，62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _____she opened with her late husband Les. 2.(2019·全国卷III)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment_______is created for them. 3.（2019 江苏卷，21 ）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 4.（2019·天津卷，11）Their child is at the stage______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 5.(2019·新课标III卷)They were well trained by their masters __ ___ had great experience with caring for these animals. 6. (2019·北京卷)The students befitting most from college are those ___ ___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 7.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 8.【2018·天津】Kate, ________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A. whom B. that C. whose D. her 9.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 10.【2017·北京】The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 11.【2017·江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom 12.【2017·天津】My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A. that B. whose C. his D. who 13.【2016·北京】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 14.【2016·江苏】Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 15.【2016·浙江】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has
定语从句语法与练习
定语从句 一、有关定语从句的概念 (1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。 (2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 (3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等； 关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。如： This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。 说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。 The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。 说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when 作时间状语。 二、关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。 This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语，可以省略) I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语) Here is the coat which/that will be bought for you. 这是一件买给你的衣服。（作主语） This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited 的宾语，可以省略) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。 三、关系副词的一般用法 关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。 when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词； where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词； why的先行词只能是reason。 关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which”代替，why可用for which代替。 如：There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父亲曾工作的那家工厂关闭了。(作状语) 比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工厂关闭了。(作主