曼昆中级宏观经济学(英文)(1)
曼昆宏观经济学名词解释-(中英文)

宏观经济学第十五章MEASUREING A NATION’S INCOME一国收入的衡量Microeconomics the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets.微观经济学:研究家庭和企业如何做出决策,以及他们如何在市场上相互交易。
Macroeconomics the study of economy-wide phenomena,including inflation,unemployment,and economic growth宏观经济学:研究整体经济现象,包括通货膨胀、失业和经济增长。
GDP is the market value of final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.国内生产总值GDP:给定时期的一个经济体内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值Consumption is spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchased of new housing.消费:除了购买新住房,家庭用于物品与劳务的支出。
Investment is spending on capital equipment inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing.投资:用于资本设备、存货和建筑物的支出,包括家庭用于购买新住房的支出。
Government purchases are spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal government.政府支出:地方、州和联邦政府用于物品和与劳务的支出。
曼昆中级宏观经济学(英文) (1)

Macroeconomics Chapter 1
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没有单一的模型能够说明我们关注的所 有问题:
Why does the cost of living keep rising? Why are millions of people unemployed? Why are there recessions? Can
policymakers do anything? Should they? What is the government deficit? How does
对古典经济学理论的著名 批评:
长期是对当前事情的一个误导。在长期中我们
都会死。如果在暴风雨季节,经济学家只能告
诉我们,暴风雨在长期中会过去,海洋必将平
静,那么他们给自己的任务就太容易且无用了
总需求与总供给 41
曼昆中级宏观经济学知识点 1 导言

第一章、导言第一节、宏观经济学科学与数据一、市场出清假设市场通常处于均衡状态,因此任何产品或服务的价格都位于供给曲线和需求曲线的交点的假设。
市场要连续地出清,价格就必须对供给和需求的变动作出即时调整。
二、黏性与弹性短期内,大部分价格是粘性的(sticky),它们变动缓慢,导致市场供需不平衡。
如果价格粘性,需求将不再总是等于供给。
(这有助于解释:失业(超额劳动供给)、厂商偶尔积压商品等现象)长期内,可以认为价格具有弹性,市场能够很快出清。
三、常见经济统计数字1、GDP (Gross Domestic Product)一个国家(或地区)在一定时期(通常为一年)内,在本国领土范围内所生产的全部最终产品(包括产品和劳务)的市场价值总和。
GDP是衡量和体现一个社会经济活动状况的基本概念,它呈现一国的总收入及在产品和服务上的总支出。
(1)流量与存量存量是一个时间点上存在的量,流量是一段时间内变化的量。
(2)名义GDP与实际GDP(3)支出法衡量GDP消费C (consumption) 投资I (investment)政府购买G (government purchase) 净出口NX (net export)GDP=C+I+G+NX住房购买属于投资、家庭购入股票属于储蓄、原始股抛售属于投资1)投资包括企业固定投资、住房固定投资和存货投资(3)收入法计算GDPGNP=GDP+来自国外的要素报酬-支付给国外的要素报酬▪NNP=GNP-折旧▪国民收入=NNP-统计误差个人收入= 国民收入-间接企业税-公司利润-社会保险费-净利息+股息+政府对个人的转移支付+个人利息收入个人可支配收入=个人收入-个人税收和非税收支付2、CPI (consumer price index)对一个固定的消费品篮子价格的衡量,主要反映消费者支付商品和劳务的价格变化情况,也是一种度量通货膨胀的工具,以百分比变化为表达形式。
CPI与GDP平减指数(1) CPI衡量价格时所涉及的是消费者购买的所有物品和服务。
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件

THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally n markets. • What Is Not Counted in GDP?
– Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. – Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Y = C + I + G + NX
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. • Investment (I):
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
• “. . . Final . . .” – It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once).
宏观经济学原理第七版曼昆 名词解释带英文

宏观经济学原理曼昆名词解释微观经济学(microeconomics),研究家庭和企业如何做出决策,以及它们如何在市场上相互影响。
宏观经济学(macroeconomics),研究整体经济现象,包括通货膨胀、失业和经济增长。
国内生产总值GDP(gross domestic product),在某一既定时期,一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与服务的市场价值。
消费(consumption),家庭除购买新住房之外,用于物品与服务的支出。
投资(investment),用于资本设备、存货和建筑物的支出,包括家庭用于购买新住房的支出。
政府购买(government purchase),地方、州和联邦政府用于物品与服务的支出。
净出口(net export),外国人对国内生产的物品的支出(出口),减国内居民对外国物品的支出(进口)。
名义GDP(nominal GDP),按现期价格评价的物品与服务的生产。
真实GDP(real GDP),按不变价格评价的物品与服务的生产。
(总之,名义GDP是用当年价格来评价经济中物品与服务生产的价值,真实GDP是用不变的GDP平减指数(GDP, deflator),用名义GDP与真实GDP的比率乘以100计算的物价水平衡量指标。
消费物价指数CPI(consumer price index),普通消费者所购买的物品与服务的总费用的衡量指标。
通货膨胀率(inflation rate),从前一个时期以来,物价指数变动的百分比。
生产物价指数(producer price index),企业所购买的一篮子物品运服务的费用的衡量指标。
指数化(indexation),根据法律或合同按照通货膨胀的影响,对货币数量的自动调整。
名义利率(nominal interest rate),通常公布的、未根据通货膨胀的影响,校正的利率。
真实利率(real interest rate),根据通货膨胀的影响校正过的利率。
曼昆宏观经济学名词解释 (中英文)

宏观经济学第十五章MEASUREING A NATION’S INCOME一国收入的衡量Microeconomics the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets.微观经济学:研究家庭和企业如何做出决策,以及他们如何在市场上相互交易。
Macroeconomics the study of economy-wide phenomena,including inflation,unemployment,and economic growth宏观经济学:研究整体经济现象,包括通货膨胀、失业和经济增长。
GDP is the market value of final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.国内生产总值GDP:给定时期的一个经济体内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值Consumption is spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchased of new housing.消费:除了购买新住房,家庭用于物品与劳务的支出。
Investment is spending on capital equipment inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing.投资:用于资本设备、存货和建筑物的支出,包括家庭用于购买新住房的支出。
Government purchases are spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal government.政府支出:地方、州和联邦政府用于物品和与劳务的支出。
曼昆宏观经济学第七版英文答案

2. Economists build models as a means of summarizing the relationships among economic variables. Models are useful because they abstract from the many details in the economy and allow one to focus on the most important economic connections.
中级宏观经济学英文课件 (1)

§ The Taylor rule matches Fed policy fairly well.…
CHAPTER 15
Dynamic AD-AS Model
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CASE STUDY
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3
The Taylor rule
actual federal funds rate Taylor’s rule
Dynamic AD-AS Model
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§ Subsequent time periods are linked together:
CHAPTER 15
Keeping track of time
§ The subscript “t ” denotes the time period, e.g. § Yt = real GDP in period t § Yt -1 = real GDP in period t – 1 § Yt +1 = real GDP in period t + 1 § We can think of time periods as years.
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The model’s elements
§ The model has five equations and five
endogenous variables: output, inflation, the real interest rate, the nominal interest rate, and expected inflation. but they are conceptually similar to things you’ve already learned.