电动车蓄电池综述
蓄电池形式分类
蓄电池形式分类蓄电池是一种可以将电能转化为化学能并存储起来的设备。
根据不同的结构和工作原理，蓄电池可以分为多种类型，包括铅酸蓄电池、锂离子蓄电池、镍氢蓄电池等。
本文将详细介绍这几种常见的蓄电池类型。
一、铅酸蓄电池铅酸蓄电池是一种最早被广泛应用的蓄电池类型。
它由铅板和硫酸电解液组成，正极是铅二氧化物（PbO2），负极是纯铅（Pb）。
铅酸蓄电池具有体积大、重量重、自放电率高的特点。
它主要用于汽车起动、照明、通信等领域。
二、锂离子蓄电池锂离子蓄电池是目前应用最广泛的蓄电池类型之一。
它由锂盐和电解液组成，正极是锂化合物（如LiCoO2、LiFePO4等），负极是石墨。
锂离子蓄电池具有能量密度高、自放电率低、循环寿命长的特点。
它广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动车、储能系统等领域。
三、镍氢蓄电池镍氢蓄电池是一种相对较新的蓄电池类型。
它由氢氧化镍（Ni(OH)2）和氢氧化钴（Co(OH)2）等组成，正极是氢氧化镍，负极是氢化钛。
镍氢蓄电池具有比能量高、循环寿命长、无污染等特点。
它主要用于无线通信、电动工具等领域。
四、锂聚合物蓄电池锂聚合物蓄电池是一种高能量密度的蓄电池类型。
它由锂盐和聚合物电解质组成，正极是锂化合物，负极是石墨。
锂聚合物蓄电池具有能量密度高、体积小、重量轻的特点。
它广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动车等领域。
五、钠硫蓄电池钠硫蓄电池是一种高温蓄电池类型。
它由液态硫和固态钠组成，正负极之间的电解质是固态陶瓷。
钠硫蓄电池具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、环境友好等特点。
它主要用于储能系统、电网备用等领域。
六、锂空气蓄电池锂空气蓄电池是一种新型的蓄电池类型。
它利用空气中的氧气作为正极活性物质，锂作为负极活性物质。
锂空气蓄电池具有能量密度极高的特点，但目前仍面临着循环寿命短、充放电效率低等问题。
它有望在未来应用于电动车、航空航天等领域。
七、钛酸锂蓄电池钛酸锂蓄电池是一种新型的蓄电池类型。
它由钛酸锂和电解液组成，正负极之间的电解质是固态陶瓷。
铅酸蓄电池充电技术综述
� � � � A � b � ac � � :Th e � pef � � � o � m a n ce ofba e h a a cl o e co n a c i h i ch a gin g m eh o d ece p h eb a e i� � � � e l f al i f � a� c� o � .T h i pa pe m m a i e h e f ac o a f f e c in g h e pef o m a n ce o f l e a d -a cid b a eie,a n d � � � � � � � eie � � he � � a� io � � po p l a ch a gin g e ch n ol o gie f o l e a d-a cid ba eie o f a a nd h e i ch a a c ei ic . � � Ke o d : l e a d -a cid b a e; l o p le ;f a ch a ge ;in e l l ige n ch a ge 1 前言 随 着 科学 技术 的 发展 ， 铅酸 蓄 电池 尤 其是 V RLA 电池的制造工艺 ,结构不断改进，性能不断 提高� 特别是近几年电动车的兴起，极大地推动了 铅酸蓄电池作为动力源应用的迅猛发展� 蓄电池较 长的使用寿命在很大程度上取决于正确的充电方 法，无数事实已经证明再好的蓄电池在不恰当的充 电方式下，很容易出现蓄电池容量下降过快, 循环 使用寿命缩短等严重问题� 随着充电技术的发展和 应用，对蓄电池充电技术提出了高安全性 ,高可靠 性及高效率等需求，使得蓄电池充电技术面临更高 的挑战 � 2 影响铅酸蓄电池性能的因素 传统铅酸蓄电池的性能影响因素主要有 [1]：正 极板膨胀 ,失水 ,酸分层 ,充电不足，这些缺陷都 被几种方法分别解决了：使用 Pb -Sb 合金 增加正 极板的蠕变强度；加水；延长充电时间或有意析气 搅动硫酸溶液；定期对蓄电池完全充电以维持电池 容量 � 正极板容易受到腐蚀是铅酸蓄电池性能低下的 主要原因之一，这种衰退过程的速度受到板 栅组 成, 合金微结构 ,极板电位, 电解液组成及温度的 影响 � 近年来，在用 Pb -Sn 合金代替 Pb -C a 合金 并广泛应用于 V RLA 电池的同时，用 Pb -Ca -Sn 合 金作为 V RLA 电池正极板材料进一步减弱了 正极 板的腐蚀作用� 包有富 [2]在研究 A G M 隔板饱和度对 V RLA 电
电动车蓄电池（EVbattery）
电动车蓄电池（EV battery）When charging, lead sulfate forms lead oxide, and when discharged, lead oxide is reduced to lead sulfate. While the lead sulfate is a very easy crystallization, when lead sulfate concentration of electrolytic solution in the battery is too high or the static idle time is too long, will "hold" group, a small crystal, these small crystals of lead sulfate to attract around, like a snowball formation of crystalline inert large, lead sulfate crystallization after charging not only can not be reduced to be attached to the precipitation of lead oxide, electrode plate, electrode plate caused a decline in the work area, this phenomenon is called vulcanization, it is often said that the aging. At this point the battery will gradually decrease until it is unusable. When a large amount of lead sulfate is piled up, the lead particles are attracted to form a lead branch, and the lead bridging between the positive and negative plates causes a short circuit of the battery. If the plate surface or seal molded case has a gap, lead sulfate crystallization will accumulate in the crevice, and expansion of tension, the plate broken off or rupture, causing irreparable physical damage to the battery. Therefore, the main mechanism leading to the failure and damage of lead-acid batteries is the unavoidable vulcanization of the battery itself.2, the reasons for the special working environment of electric bicyclesAs long as the lead-acid batteries, in the use of the process will be vulcanized, but the lead-acid battery lead-acid batteries in other fields than the electric bicycle use has alonger life, this is because the lead-acid battery electric bicycle has an easier curing work environment.Deep dischargeThe lead-acid batteries used in automobiles are only unidirectional discharge at the time of ignition, and the power generation opportunity is automatically charged to the battery without causing a deep discharge of the battery. The electric bicycle can not be charged when riding, often more than 60% of the depth of discharge, deep discharge when the concentration of lead sulfate increases, sulfide will be quite serious.Large current dischargeElectric car 20 kilometers cruising current is generally 4A, this value has been higher than other areas of battery work current, and speeding overload electric vehicle work current is greater. Battery manufacturers have carried out cycle life tests on 1C charging 70% and 2C discharge 60%. After this kind of life test, the battery can reach 350 times of charge, discharge and cycle life, but the actual effect is very different. This is because the high current work increases the discharge depth by 50%, and the battery accelerates the vulcanization. Therefore, the battery life of the electric tricycle is shorter, because the body of the three wheeled motorcycle is too heavy, and the working current is above 6A.Charging and discharging frequency is highIn the field of battery backup power supply, only when blackoutwill discharge, if a year to stop 8 times, to reach 10 years of life, only 80 cycles charge life, and electric cars a year more than 300 times the charge discharge cycle is very common.Short time chargingAs the electric bicycle is transportation, not chargeable time, within 8 hours to complete the 36 or 48 volt 20 ampere hour charging, it must increase the charging voltage (typically a single 2.7~2.9 V), when the oxygen evolution voltage exceeds the charge voltage of single battery (2.35 volts) or hydrogen (voltage 2.42 volts), the battery will be due to excessive oxygen evolution and open the exhaust valve, causing water loss, the electrolyte concentration increases, increase the curing phenomenon of the battery.After discharge, it can not be charged in timeAs a means of transport, charge and discharge of electric bicycle is completely separated, it is difficult to discharge after charging and discharging conditions in a timely manner, after the formation of a large number of lead sulfate if more than half an hour without charging for reduction of lead oxide, sulfide crystals will form.3, lead battery production reasonsIn view of the specialty of lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles, various methods have been adopted by battery manufacturers. The most typical way is as follows:Increase the plate number.The original design of the cell 5 tablets 6 to 6 tablets 7 tablets, 7 tablets 8, 8 or even 9 tablets preparation. The battery capacity is increased by reducing the thickness of the plate and dividing the plate and increasing the number of plates.Increasing the specific gravity of sulphuric acid.The proportion of the original sulfuric acid battery float is generally between 1.21~1.28, while the proportion of sulfuric acid electric bicycle battery generally in the 1.36 to 1.38 or so, this can provide a larger current, improve the battery initial capacity.Increase the amount and proportion of lead oxide, the active material of positive plate.Increasing the lead oxide increases the electrochemical reaction involved in the discharge, and also increases the discharge time and increases the battery capacity.Through these measures, the initial capacity of the battery meets the capacity requirements of the electric bicycle, especially the improvement of the large current discharge characteristics of the battery. However, as the plate is increased, the capacity of the sulfuric acid is reduced, the battery heating causes a great deal of water loss, and the probability of short circuit and lead bypass is increased. Increasing the specific gravity of sulfuric acid increases theinitial capacity of the battery, but the sulfidation is more serious. One of the most basic principle is sealed battery positive plate of oxygen, oxygen directly to the negative electrode plate, negative plate is absorbed and reduced to water, the technical indicators of the assessment parameters of the battery is called "sealed reaction efficiency", this phenomenon is called "oxygen cycle". In this way, the water loss of the battery is very small, and the "maintenance free" is achieved, that is, no water. Therefore, the capacity of the negative plate is required to be larger than that of the positive plate, which is also called the negative pole transition. The increase of positive plate active material will inevitably reduce the negative pole transition, the oxygen cycle becomes worse, the water loss increases, and it will lead to sulfide. Although these measures increase the initial capacity of the batteries, they can cause dehydration and sulfuration, while dehydration and sulfuration can contribute to each other, resulting in the loss of battery life.There is a group of weld assembly problem. The place is easy to produce weld plate. Each battery cell has 15 plates, 15 solder joints, a battery of 6 cells, there are 90 solder joints, a battery consists of 3 12V batteries, there are 270 solder joints. If there is a spot weld, the cell capacity decreases, and the formation of single cell backward, cause the entire battery backward, the battery will cause serious imbalance, so that the battery failure in advance. Even if the weld control in 1/10000, an average of 37 per set of batteries will have a battery of weld, this is absolutely not enough to allow the. The lead calcium alloy grid battery in the welding time will precipitate calcium and cover weld, so, many grid batterymanufacturers prefer low antimony alloy without using lead calcium alloy. The low oxygen evolution hydrogen evolution voltage of the grid of low antimony alloy leads to lower outgassing rate of the battery,Relatively serious dehydration, the battery more easily vulcanized.4, the reasons for the production of electric bicyclesMost car controllers leave a line plug, and many dealers try to attract customers by removing the speed limit. Some car factory simply remove the speed limiter factory, both to attract customers to speed, but also to reduce costs, such cars at high speed when the current is very large, will seriously shorten the battery life.12V lead-acid battery minimum protection voltage is 10.5V, if it is 36V battery, the minimum reserve voltage is 31.5V, at present, most car factory controller use undervoltage protection voltage is 31.5V. On the face of it, this is correct, but actually when the 36V battery has only 31.5V voltage, because of the poor capacity of the battery, there must be a battery voltage below 10.5V, and the battery is in the state of over discharge. At this point, the capacity of the over discharge battery drops sharply, when the damage to the battery is not just the single battery, but the life of the entire battery. In fact, after the battery voltage is less than 32V, it has been continuously increasing to 27V, and the added capacity is less than 2 kilometers. However, the damage to the battery is very large. As long as this happens 10 times, thecapacity of the battery will be less than 70% of the nominal capacity. In addition, some users found that after the battery is under pressure, after 10 minutes, the battery is not under pressure, and then take the power to run, which is more damage to the battery, and most of the car's instructions did not give users warning. At present, most of the controller has adjustable potentiometer, and this adjustable potentiometer vibration drift is relatively serious. In the price competition, in the face of more attention to the appearance of car users, there are few products using anti vibration precision multi ring potentiometer, the vibration of the controller is not surprising after the drift.5, charging equipment reasonsThe popular phrase is: battery is not bad, is full of bad. In order to satisfy the short time and high capacity charge of the electric bicycle battery, it is necessary to raise the constant voltage value to 2.47V to 2.49V in the three stage constant voltage current limiting charging. In this way, the oxygen evolution voltage of the positive plate of the battery and the hydrogen evolution voltage of the negative plate are much higher than that of the positive plate. Some of the charger manufacturers products in order to reduce the charging time of the instructions, improve the current of the constant pressure to float, the charging indicator after a full charge, not charged by improving the floating voltage to compensate for. In this way, a lot more than a single floating voltage charger voltage 2.35V, this stage is still a large number of oxygen evolution in float. While the oxygen cycle of the battery is not good, so in the floating stage is also in constant exhaust.The constant voltage is high, which ensures the charging time, but the sacrifice is loss of water and sulfuration. The constant voltage value is low, and the charging time and charging power are difficult to guarantee. The battery grid alloy, improve battery potential, improve gas analysis to improve the oxygen cycle performance, improve the sealing reaction efficiency on the basis of control, charging the maximum charge voltage below 2.42V, which is in the hydrogen evolution potential of the following. This will inevitably lead to prolonged charging time, it must be recharged at high current (current limiting charging) state, adding depolarization negative pulse charging battery to improve the ability to accept, when large current charging more filled with some power, shorten the charging time. 70% 2C current charge,Battery charging capacity is relatively large, the battery using a large current charge, the damage to the battery is relatively small. The battery is essentially no higher than the critical hydrogen evolution voltage. Once higher than the hydrogen evolution voltage, the battery quickly loses water. The use of such chargers must be continuous charge and discharge, and if a few days off the charge, the battery will suffer severe vulcanization and premature failure. And users use batteries, it is impossible to ensure that after each use, can be charged in a timely manner, within a year occurred several times, there is no timely charge, the battery will accumulate sulfur. Most charger manufacturers say the car doesn't accept chargers that guarantee battery life because of price factors. It should be admitted that this is true of most small businesses, but there are large and developing enterprises that do not pay good prices and can not buy good chargers. Some charger manufacturersexaggerate some of the functions, and the effects of the finished products are not as good as their propaganda. Many functions belong to the function of selling concept, and the actual effect is limited.6, other reasonsA lot of batteries in the monomer test, can obtain good results, but for series batteries, due to capacity, open circuit voltage, charge state, vulcanization degree is different, the difference will be expanded in series battery monomer state difference of whole group battery, its life expectancy decreased significantly.From the battery charging in the production line, to the user after the Car Buying car use this time to go through a lot of links, the interval time even the president of a few months, during this period, because no battery power supply, self discharge lead sulfate accumulation of a large number of users just buy a new battery crystallization, may have even abandoned aging the battery.Battery manufacturers are not completely eliminated in the implementation of the warranty on the recovery of batteries. After the battery is returned, the battery manufacturer carries out the charge and discharge test again. In the test, more than 60% of the monomer batteries are found to be out of use. The reason is that in the series of batteries, the individual batteries fall behind, forming a whole set of batteries, and the function drops, causing the whole group to return. Many battery manufacturers to take back the battery group, withwater, sulfur removal, packaging, and to provide to the user, to effectively improve the service life of the battery, reduce scrap rate, reduce the battery manufacturers claim the physical part of the loss, so many dealers have felt the obvious battery manufacturers to provide a "generation as a generation".Three, how to solve the battery vulcanization?To reduce battery vulcanization and prolong battery life, we must first improve the working environment of electric bicycles. Reduce body weight, get rid of unnecessary decoration, the appropriate speed, not carrying heavy, do not use electric bicycle charging to a long time, the best time after discharge to charge the battery, do the undervoltage protection, to prevent excessive discharge of the battery, the nominal 24V undervoltage protection should be located in 21.5V ~ 22V, for nominal 36V undervoltage protection should choose 32.5V + 0.5V, the nominal 48V should be located in 44V ~ 45V. This voltage reduces the capacity to continue by less than 2 km, but it can effectively extend the life of the battery. Every three months, regularly to the professional repair point repair batteries, timely replenishment. These methods are simple and economical,But it is difficult to observe it strictly. Therefore, special equipment can be used for sulfur removal maintenance:1. use desk top quick sulfur removal equipmentThe desk type quick sulfur removal equipment works with high voltage and high current pulse charging, and eliminates vulcanization through negative blocking. This method is fast,quick, can temporarily eliminate the sulfide effect, however, high voltage and high current can hit the sulfur removal also can remove active substances in eliminating serious water loss and softening of the positive plate vulcanization, cause fatal damage to the battery, through this kind of equipment for sulfur removal after two times battery basic will be scrapped. In addition, the current professional maintenance point for a sulfur removal, the basic charge between 60~80 yuan, the maximum can prolong the battery life of six months, and did not have significant economic benefits for users. At present, professional battery market maintenance shop owners are already understand the harm of this kind of method. Then, and the emergence of pulse discharge desulfurization equipment, in fact, the fundamental principle and has not changed, just from the constant high pressure Hengda current becomes instantaneous peak pressure, will damage the electrode active material, used this kind of product of friends it should be very clear.2. optional sulfur removal chargerThe sulfur removal charger has three working principle, one is similar to the desktop for rapid removal of the working principle of sulfur equipment, by charging high voltage and high current pulse through the negative resistance wear sulfur removal, it has been illustrated that the method will constitute a fatal damage to the battery life, has been a negative. The second is the use of fast pulse front charge and discharge pulse, the use of instantaneous peak, in the process of charging interference battery vulcanization. Another is the periodic use of 10% ~ 20% over charging method, reducing thebattery lead sulfate crystallization. The two charger can be in charge when the sulfur removal, but will cause less charge or over charge, it also ignores the battery discharge process is the fact that the curing process of the main effect is not ideal, so most users will give up this way in addition to sulfur repeated investment in electric vehicle charger equipped with.3. using an online lead acid battery generatorThe on-line lead acid battery is connected in parallel with the battery, which can prevent and eliminate the vulcanization for twenty-four hours. This method is relatively slow to repair, repair time is longer, often in more than 120 hours, but whether it is charging, but also discharge process can prevent and eliminate sulfide, repair effect is very good. Because of the low voltage and low current, extending the battery plate does not have an enormous impact due to dehydration and softening, which is a user input can persevere maintenance method, especially for the quality of the new battery is good, can lengthen the battery life of 2~5 times, and one input, with the electric vehicle next time, replace the battery, extension device can continue to use, can save a lot of cost for the user. If the user a year to replace a battery, a battery of 280 yuan, users for 10 years to spend 2800 yuan in the replacement of the battery, is a conservative calculation, if the extension is used to extend the battery life of two times, 10 years can save nearly half of the cost of the battery.The significance of this approach is great. The first is to give users real economic benefits, reducing the user's trouble. The second is to improve the reputation of the car factory,It provides conditions for expanding production. Third, for the electric car dealers to solve the battery quality assurance is difficult, to reduce complaints, improve credibility, increase profit margins, at the same time, in store sales also increased the sales program to promote transactions. Fourth, can greatly reduce the cost for battery manufacturers reaso. Fifth, to improve the image of electric bicycles, and expand the overall market development of electric bicycles. Sixth, to improve the utilization of batteries, is conducive to environmental protection.。
两轮电动车常用电瓶的种类
两轮电动车常用电瓶的种类随着电动车的普及，电瓶作为电动车的重要组成部分，也变得越来越重要。
在市场上，常见的电动车电瓶种类有两种：铅酸电瓶和锂电瓶。
1. 铅酸电瓶铅酸电瓶是传统的电动车电瓶，也是目前市场上应用最广泛的电瓶之一。
它采用铅酸电解液，正负极分别由铅和铅氧化物组成，分为蓄电池和充电电池两种类型。
铅酸电瓶的优点是成本较低、技术成熟、安全性较高，并且对环境友好。
但是，铅酸电瓶的能量密度较低，重量较大，寿命相对较短，需要定期充电和维护。
2. 锂电瓶锂电瓶是近年来逐渐兴起的新型电动车电瓶，它利用锂离子在正负极之间的迁移来储存和释放电能。
锂电瓶的优点是体积小、重量轻、能量密度高、寿命长，并且具有良好的充放电性能。
相比铅酸电瓶，锂电瓶的充电效率更高，充电时间更短，使用寿命更长。
此外，锂电瓶还具有无记忆效应、自放电率低等特点。
然而，锂电瓶的成本较高，且对环境有一定的污染，对温度和电流的要求也较为严格。
除了铅酸电瓶和锂电瓶，还有一些其他类型的电瓶在市场上有所应用，如镍氢电池（Ni-MH）、镍镉电池（Ni-Cd）等。
这些电瓶在特定领域有一定的应用，但在电动车领域的应用较为有限。
总的来说，铅酸电瓶和锂电瓶是目前市场上两种常见的电动车电瓶种类。
铅酸电瓶成本低、安全性高，但重量大且寿命较短；锂电瓶体积小、重量轻、寿命长，但成本较高且对环境有一定污染。
根据不同的需求和预算，消费者可以选择适合自己的电动车电瓶类型。
为了延长电瓶的使用寿命，消费者还应该注意合理充电和维护，避免过度放电和过度充电，定期检查电瓶的使用状态。
同时，随着科技的发展，相信未来还会有更多新型的电瓶问世，为电动车的发展注入新的动力。
简述铅酸蓄电池的特点
简述铅酸蓄电池的特点铅酸蓄电池是一种常见的蓄电池类型，广泛应用于汽车、电动车、太阳能和备用电源等领域。
它具有以下几个特点：1. 高功率输出：铅酸蓄电池具有较高的功率输出能力。
它可以在短时间内释放大量电能，适用于启动汽车引擎等高功率需求场景。
这是因为铅酸蓄电池内部的正负极材料为铅和铅二氧化物，具有较低的内阻，可以提供较大的电流输出。
2. 低成本：相比其他类型的蓄电池，铅酸蓄电池的制造成本较低。
它的主要原材料铅和硫酸是比较常见且廉价的物质，因此铅酸蓄电池的价格相对较低，更加经济实惠。
3. 良好的循环寿命：铅酸蓄电池具有较长的循环寿命。
循环寿命是指电池能够进行多少次充放电循环而保持较好性能的能力。
铅酸蓄电池的循环寿命通常可以达到几百次甚至上千次，这取决于电池的设计和使用条件。
4. 安全性高：铅酸蓄电池相对其他类型的蓄电池来说具有较高的安全性。
铅酸蓄电池内部的电解液为稀硫酸溶液，相对较稳定，不易发生爆炸或火灾等安全事故。
此外，铅酸蓄电池也相对比较耐高温，不会因温度升高而过热或损坏。
5. 维护简单：铅酸蓄电池的维护相对比较简单。
用户只需要定期检查电池的电解液水平，确保液位在适当范围内。
如果液位过低，可以添加蒸馏水来补充。
此外，铅酸蓄电池在长期存放或不使用时，需要定期充电以保持其性能。
然而，铅酸蓄电池也存在一些缺点。
首先，铅酸蓄电池的能量密度相对较低，即单位体积或质量的电能存储量有限。
这限制了铅酸蓄电池在某些应用中的使用。
其次，铅酸蓄电池的自放电率较高，即在长时间不使用时会自行放电，导致储存的电能减少。
此外，铅酸蓄电池的重量较大，不利于移动设备的使用。
为了克服这些缺点，目前科学家和工程师们正在研发和改进新型的蓄电池技术，如锂离子电池和钠离子电池等。
这些新型蓄电池相对于铅酸蓄电池来说，具有更高的能量密度、较长的循环寿命和更轻的重量。
然而，由于成本和安全等方面的考虑，铅酸蓄电池在许多领域仍然是一种非常实用和可靠的能量储存设备。
常用的蓄电池分类及特点
常用的蓄电池分类及特点蓄电池是一种将化学能转化为电能的电池，广泛应用于家用电器、汽车、UPS等领域。
根据不同的电化学反应和应用需求，蓄电池可以分为多种不同类型，本文将对几种常见的蓄电池分类及其特点进行介绍。
一、铅酸蓄电池1. 特点：铅酸蓄电池是一种成熟、稳定、使用广泛的蓄电池，其内部含有一定量的铅和硫酸溶液。
铅酸蓄电池可以承受高电流放电，同时也能够进行慢充电和浮充，充放电效率高，成本相对较低。
2. 应用：铅酸蓄电池广泛用于汽车、UPS、通讯、电动车等领域，是很多电子设备的基础电源。
二、镍氢蓄电池1. 特点：镍氢蓄电池是另一种成熟的电池技术，相比铅酸蓄电池具有更高的能量密度、更长的使用寿命和更低的环境影响。
不需要特殊的维护，具有良好的可充电性能。
2. 应用：镍氢蓄电池广泛用于数码相机、手提电脑、便携式电器等领域，成为高端蓄电池的代表。
三、锂离子蓄电池1. 特点：锂离子蓄电池是近年来最快发展的一种电池技术，具有高能量密度、轻量化和长寿命等特点。
锂离子蓄电池具有很好的充放电性能，充电时间短，没有记忆效应，使用方便。
四、燃料电池1. 特点：燃料电池是一种近年来发展迅速的新型电池技术，能够将氢气或磷酸甲酯等作为燃料转化为电能。
燃料电池具有高效率、清洁、无噪音等特点，是一种环保型的能源。
2. 应用：燃料电池广泛应用于远程通信、中小型发电站、电动汽车等领域。
综上所述，不同的蓄电池类型具有各自不同的特点和优劣。
在选择蓄电池时，需考虑到应用环境、电源要求、可靠性等因素，选择合适的蓄电池才能更好地满足使用需求。
电动汽车电源系统电池概述
电动汽车动力储能装置包括所有动力蓄电池、超级电容、飞轮电池和燃料电池等储能元件及其以上各类电池的组合。
一、电池的基本组成电池通常由电极（正极和负极）、电解质、隔膜和外壳（容器）四部分组成。
电极是电池的核心部分，通常由活性物质和导电骨架组成。
活性物质是指可以通过化学反应释放出电能的物质，要求其电化学活性高、在电解液中的化学稳定性高以及电子导电性好。
活性物质是决定化学电源基本特性的重要部分。
导电骨架主要起传导电子及支撑活性物质的作用。
当电池通过外部电路（负载）放电时，电池的正极从外电路得到电子，而负极则向外电路输出电子；对于电池内部而言恰好相反。
电解质在电池内部阴、阳极之间担负传递电荷（带电离子）的作用。
电解质一般为液体或固体。
液体电解质常称为电解液，通常是酸、碱、盐的水溶液；固体电解质通常为盐类，由固体电解质组成的电池即称为干电池。
对电解液的要求是电导率高、溶液欧姆电压较小。
对一于固体电解质，要求具有离子导电性，而不具有电子导电性。
电解质的化学性质必须稳定，使其在储存期间与活性物质界面间的电化学反应速率小，这样电池自放电时容量损失减小。
为了避免电池内阴、阳极之间的距离较近而产生内部短路，产生严重的自放电现象，需要在其阴、阳极之间加放绝缘的隔膜，隔膜的形状一般为薄膜、板材或胶状物等。
对隔膜的要求是化学性质稳定，有一定的机械强度，对电解质离子运动的阻力小，是电的良好绝缘体，并可以阻挡从电极上脱落的活性物质微粒和枝晶的生长。
电池的外壳是盛放和保护电池电极、电解质、隔膜的容器。
通常要求外壳具有足够的机械强度和化学稳定性，耐振动、耐冲击、耐腐蚀。
二、电池的基础知识（1）电池的组合蓄电池作为动力源．通常要求有较高的电压和电流，因此需要将若干个单体电池通过串联、并联与复联的方式组合成电池组使用：电池组合中对单体电池性能具有严格的要求，在同一组电池中必须选择同一系列、同一规格、性能尽量一致的单体电池。
（2）电池的放电电池的放电是将电池内储存的化学能以电能方式释放出来的过程，即电池向外电路释放电流。
电动车电池研究报告
电动车电池研究报告随着环保意识的不断增强，电动车作为一种新兴的交通工具，受到了越来越多人的青睐。
而电动车的核心部件——电池，也成为了人们关注的焦点。
本文将从电动车电池的基本原理、市场现状、技术发展以及未来趋势等方面进行探讨。
一、电动车电池的基本原理电动车电池是指储能电池，也就是将电能储存起来，以供电动车使用的电源。
电动车电池的基本原理是将化学能转化为电能，再将电能转化为机械能，从而驱动电动车的运动。
常见的电动车电池有铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池等。
其中，锂离子电池由于其高能量密度、长寿命、轻量化等优点，成为了电动车电池的主流选择。
二、电动车电池市场现状目前，全球电动车电池市场呈现出快速增长的趋势。
根据市场研究机构EnergyTrend的数据显示，2019年全球电动车电池装机量达到了80GWh，同比增长了44%。
而在电动车电池制造方面，中国已经成为了全球最大的电动车电池制造国家。
数据显示，2019年中国电动车电池产能占全球总产能的60%以上，其中宁德时代、比亚迪、亿纬锂能等企业成为了电动车电池制造的龙头企业。
三、电动车电池技术发展随着电动车市场的不断扩大，电动车电池的技术也在不断地发展。
目前，电动车电池技术的主要发展方向包括以下几个方面：1. 高能量密度：提高电池的能量密度，可以延长电动车的续航里程，提高电动车的使用效率。
2. 快速充电：提高电池的充电速度，可以缩短电动车的充电时间，提高电动车的使用便利性。
3. 长寿命：提高电池的循环寿命，可以延长电动车电池的使用寿命，降低电动车的使用成本。
4. 安全性：提高电池的安全性能，可以降低电动车发生事故的风险，保障电动车的安全性。
四、电动车电池未来趋势未来，电动车电池的发展方向将主要集中在两个方面：一是提高电池的能量密度，延长电动车的续航里程，满足消费者对于电动车续航里程的需求；二是降低电池的成本，提高电动车的市场竞争力。
为达到以上目标，未来电动车电池的发展趋势将主要包括以下几个方面：1. 新型材料的研究开发：研发新型材料，提高电池的能量密度和循环寿命。
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电动车电池总结
目前能够被电动自行车采用的有以下四种动力蓄电池，即阀
控铅酸免维护蓄电池、胶体铅酸蓄电池、镍氢蓄电池和锂离子蓄
电池。前市场上能够大量提供的是铅酸蓄电。
电动车的电压等级主要有36V，24V，48V。分别由12V的
独立电池串联而成。每节的单体欠压点是，3节便是，所以电动
车的电池控制器一般设置欠压点为，防止过放电，控制器在欠压
点时就断电了。电动车电池的容量等级主要有10Ah，12Ah，
14Ah，17Ah，20Ah。
铅酸电池重量：36V 12Ah（3节）重约，24V17Ah（2节）
重约，而标准铅酸电池的外形尺寸：12Ah为151x94x98mm，17Ah
为168x77x181mm。
百度文库
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车用电池
超威电池：
型号 额定容量(Ah) 额定电压(V) 参考重量(Kg) 长(mm) 宽(mm) 高(mm) 总高(
10hr 5hr 3hr 2hr
175 166 150 133 6 32 260 180 270 27
210 200 180 160 6 35 260 180 280 28
170 145 135 112 8 35 260 180 280 28
81 77 70 62 12 26 330 168 162 16
115 110 100 88 12 35 331 176 214 21
型号 额定电压(V) 额定容量(Ah) 参考重量(Kg) 长(mm) 宽(mm) 高(mm) 总高(mm)
6 10 151±2 50±1 94±2 100±2
12 6 151±2 65±1 94±2 100±2
12 7 116±2 86±1 102±2 102±2
12 10 151±2 99±1 94±2 100±2
12 12 151±2 99±1 97±2 101±2
12 14 151±2 99±1 116±2 119±2
12 16 151±2 99±1 123±2 127±2
12 17 181±2 77±1 167±2 167±2
12 20 181±2 77±1 170±2 172±2
12 24 166±2 175±1 125±2 125±2
12 25 320±2 81±1 119±2 119±2
12 26 312±2 80±1 125±2 128±2
12 27 196±2 130±1 154±2 180±2
12 40 197±2 165±2 165±2 165±2
24 12 302±2 100±1 97±2 101±2
24 12 320±2 80±1 115±2 120±2
36 12 380±2 151±2 102±2 102±2
16 10 151±2 101±1 109±2 110±2
16 14 201±2 112±1 100±2 105±2
16 18 250±2 100±2 126±2 130±2
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型号 额定容量(Ah) 额定电压(V) 参考重量(Kg) 长(mm) 宽(mm) 高(mm) 总高(
10hr 5hr 3hr 2hr
140 133 120 106 12 42 407 174 209 23
175 166 150 133 12 42 485 170 241 24
200 180 165 150 6 36 261 180 280 20
170 145 135 112 8 36 260 180 280 28
120 110 100 88 12 41 407 174 210 21
175 166 150 133 12 53 485 170 241 24
型号 额定容量(Ah) 额定电压(V) 参考重量(Kg) 长(mm) 宽(mm) 高(mm) 总高(m
10hr 60hr 120hr 240hr
12 195 129 155 179
40 48 52 56 12 197 165 166 166
12 324 166 175 175
60 73 78 84 12 350 167 179 179
80 97 104 112 12 328 172 214 233
100 121 131 141 12 406 174 208 233
150 182 196 211 12 485 172 240 240
12 500 208 212 239
200 242 261 281 12 496 258 227 237
12 172 152 320 335
12 244 174 320 335
型号 额定容量(Ah) 额定电压(V) 参考重量(Kg) 长(mm) 宽(mm) 高(mm) 总高(
10hr 5hr 3hr 2hr
175 166 150 133 6 32 260 180 270 27
210 200 180 160 6 35 260 180 280 28
170 145 135 112 8 35 260 180 280 28
81 77 70 62 12 26 330 168 162 16
115 110 100 88 12 35 331 176 214 21
140 133 120 106 12 42 407 174 209 23
175 166 150 133 12 42 485 170 241 24
34 32 29 27 12 11 196 130 154 16
40 38 34 32 12 197 165 165 16
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振龙电池：
类别 型号 输出电压（V） 蓄电量（Ah）
动力锂电池 ZLC8575130
ZLC8578131 5
ZLC6595130 5
ZLC7365123 4
ZLB8575130 48/37/24 10
NO 模型 电压 （V） 电容 （20HR） 长度 （mm） 宽度 （mm） 高度 （mm） 总高度 （mm） 重量(kg) MOQ
1 B12 -12C 12 12 151 99 94 100 1000
2 ZLB12 -18C 12 18 181 76 168 168 500
3 ZLB12 -20C 12 20 181 76 168 168 500
4 ZLB12 -22C 12 22 181 76 168 168 7 500
5 ZLB12 -26C 12 26 175 166 125 125 500
6 ZLB12 -35C 12 35 196 131 155 180 300
7 ZLB12 -40C 12 40 198 166 172 172 14 300
8 ZLB12 -55C 12 55 229 138 210 215 300
9 ZLB12 -65C 12 65 348 167 175 175 22 200
10 ZLB12 -75C 12 70 259 169 206 210 23 200
11 ZLB12 -90C 12 90 306 169 206 210 28 200
12 ZLB12 -100C 12 100 328 172 214 218 30 100
13 ZLB12 -120C 12 120 406 174 211 234 35 100
14 ZLB12 -150C 12 150 486 170 241 241 45 100
15 ZLB12 -200C 12 200 522 240 219 244 61 100
百度文库
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百度文库
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松下电池：
LC-CA/XC---循环长寿命品
用途：小型家用电器、电动工具、电动车、太阳能储能等；
特点：独特铅膏配方，产品性能持久呈现，寿命更好。
型 号 电压(V) 容量(Ah) 20小时率 20HR 外型尺寸(mm) 端子型号
单重
(约Kg)
长(L) 宽(W)
高(H) 总高
(TH)
LC-CA1215 12 15 151 98 94 100 187& 250M
LC-CA1216 12 16 151 98 99 105 187& 250M
LC-XC1221 12 21 181 76 167 167 M5 L& M5 A
LC-XC1228 12 28 165 125 175 175 M5 L& M5 A
LC-XC1238 12 38 197 165 175 180/175 M6 L& M5 A
DZM---电动车专用
特点：运用娴熟AGM技术，精细工艺设计，呈现完美表现；
所有产品出厂前100%容量检查，以品质铸造优良口碑。
型 号 电压(V) 容量(Ah) 2小时率 2HR 外型尺寸(mm) 端子型号
单重
(约Kg)
长(L) 宽(W)
高(H) 总高
(TH)
6-DZM-10 12 10 151 98 94 100 250M