被动语态讲义
被动语态
一．主动语态变被动语态
引入：大家喜欢快乐大本营的哪位主持人？
我最喜欢我们的马兰坡坡姐--谢娜，到了一种爱的程度
I love X.
这句话动作的发出者和承受者分别是谁？
我，谢娜是吧？那我说我爱谢娜可以换种说话吗？
谢娜被我爱是吧？那大家知道把这句话变成被动句怎么变吗？
小学我们语文学过变化句子是吧？
肯定是把动作的发出者和承受者要调换位置的，
所以说被动语态的特点是：句子的主语是动作的承受者
但是只是调换动词的发出者和承受者是仅仅不够的
（一）被动语态是怎样构成的呢？助动词be+动词的过去分词
我们都知道动词的过去分词肯定不能改变的对吧？
助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
那就看助动词be是怎么变化的吧？
一般现在时？ am/is/are
一般过去时？ was/were
一般将来时？ will/shall/be going to be
现在进行时？ am/is/are+being
现在完成时？ have/has+been
过去进行时？ was/were+being
过去完成时？ had+been
过去将来时？ would/should/be going to be
含情态动词： can/may/must+be+done
用一般现在时练习主动句变被动句
例句：我们都知道小明老师多才多艺哈？
今天来学校的路上碰到了，他说想上课给大家唱歌
他唱英文歌这句话怎么说？句子造对了我们就听歌。
He sings an English song.
根据被动语态的构成将这句话变成被动句
An English song is singed by him.
1.宾语变主语，是人称代词，宾格要变成主格
2.主语变宾语，主格变成宾格，由by引导
3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式
三步走：主变宾，宾变主，动词时态be+done
再找同学变几个被动句式：
He plants trees in spring.
His brother washes bowls every day.
They make shoes in that factory.
She gives me a book.(双宾陷阱题)带双宾语变被动
既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，保留直接宾语；也可以将直接宾语转化成主语，保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
I am given a book.
A book is given to me.
再举例：碰到一个男老师，他抽烟，顺便递给我一根
He passes me a cigarette.
He buys me flowers.
Flowers are bought for me.
宾补结构变被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成宾补结构。例：We call her "小燕子". 变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处。我们让小明老师唱英文歌
We ask him to sing an English song.
He is asked to sing an English song.
I hear Jane playing the piano in her room.
Jane is heard playing the piano in her room.
（二）各种时态的被动语态的结构：
1.一般现在时
构成：do/does
被动语态：am/is/are+done
2.一般过去时
构成：did
被动语态：was/were+done
3.一般将来时
构成：will/shall/be going to+do
被动语态：will/shall/be going to+be+done
4.现在进行时
构成：am/is/are+doing
被动语态：was/were+being+done
5.现在完成时
构成：had+done
被动语态：had+been+done
6.过去进行时
构成：was/were+doing
被动语态：was/were+being+done
7.过去完成时
构成：had+done
被动语态:had+been+done
8.过去将来时
构成：would/should/be going to+do
被动语态：would/should/be going to+be+done
二．主动表被动
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive,run经营
后面加副词，主动表被动 well，easily
The pen writes smoothly.这只笔用着很顺畅
Clothes sold well. 衣服卖得很好
This paper reads easily.这篇文章读起来很容易
The company runs well. 公司经营的很好
Write,sell,lock,run
有时也用被动sold out
H他被安排打扫教室
2.Look,sound,taste,smell,feel系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
系动词我们用棒棒糖的例子都记得吧？那五句话怎么说的？
It looks small.
It sounds clear.
It smells good.
It feels hard.
It tastes delicious.
翻译这五句话，都是被动的含义，但是不用被动形式，主动表被动
被动还原to
这五个词是感官连系动词，还有类似的容易混淆的感官动词，比如：
大家都知道凤姐去美国了吧？凤姐最近又有什么新闻知道吗？
有人看到凤姐在美国给人洗脚
We see her serve as a waitress in the U.S.
see sb. do/doing（可能要区分这两个区别）
变被动语态还是主动表被动吗？不是的
刚刚讲过我们让小明老师唱英文歌的例子还记得吧？
We ask him to sing an English song.
ask sb. to do
to后面接的是什么成分？宾补，多数有to，少数的省略掉了
省略掉的初中需要掌握的只有两类，一起来看有哪两类？
凤姐被人看到在美国给人洗脚
She is seen serve as a waitress in the U.S. by us.
第一类感官动词：see，hear，watch，notice+do sth.
区分see do，see doing
被动还原to的还有一种词，比如说：
今天好几个人迟到，迟到的每人罚十块钱，结束了一起买好吃的，我们选一个人收钱，就选赵薇了
We make her collect money.
She is made to collect money.
Make意思是让...使...,叫做使役动词
使役动词：let，make，have+do sth.
3.在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。
4.Want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。
要讲！！！物作主语时重点！！！
三．无被动语态
1.不及物动词和动词短语不能用于被动语态
happen,take place,belong to,disappear!!
只讲这一个就好！！！
常见的：happen,appear,disappear,fail,last,rise,remain
come true,break out,fall asleep,take place
例句：After the fire, very little remained of my house.
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
2.主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。 The man introduced himself.
Himself was introduced错误！！
They help each other study English.
Each other is helped study ...错误！！
3.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。 We will have a meeting.
A meeting will be had by us.错误！！
常见的：have，hold，rise，lock，fit,wish,notice
agree with,happen to,suffer from,belong to
例句：This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
4.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时，不能用作被动语态中的主语。 My brother enjoys watching TV.
Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.错误！！！
He asked to have a try.
To have a try was asked.错误！！！
被动语态讲义(带答案)复习过程
被动语态讲义(带答案)
被动语态讲义 二、新课 例题一、 —Look! What a nice garden!—Yes. It every day. A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned （选A。考查一般现在时的被动语态） 2、—Who’s the little boy in the photo, Susan?—It’s me. This photo ten years ago. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken （选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 3、I’m sure the telephone before the car. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. is inventing
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 4、The telephone by Bell in 1876. A. invent B. invents C. was inventing D. was invented （选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 5、 Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV -1 last weekend. A. invites B. invited C. was invited （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 6、—How clean the window is!—Yes. It just now. A. has been cleaned B. was cleaned C. is cleaned D. will be cleaned （选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 7、—People say the subway building in Harbin in a few years. —Sounds . I have never seen it before. A. will finish, interesting B. is finished, interested C. will be finished, interesting （选C。考查一般将来时的被动语态） 8、—Some of the plastic bags can’t after June 1. —Yes, people will use environmental bags instead. A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used （选C。考查含情态动词的被动语态） 9、—There is a lot of wind in North China. —Well, more trees every year to stop the wind. A. must be planted B. can planted C. should planted （选A。考查含情态动词的被动语态） 巩固练习一： ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
外研版英语中考归纳复习专题：被动语态.doc
基础义务教育资料 外研版2018年英语中考归纳复习专题：被动语态 【被动语态】 在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语 Z L/T o 主动诺态：动作执行者+主动谓语+动作承受者 被动语态：动作承受者+被动谓诺+by+动作执行者 如English. English 当我们不知道或者没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：Smoking isn? t allowed in the gas station.汽车加油站里面不允许吸烟。
Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。 常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：
现在兀成时 动词情态动will be+过去分 词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会将于明天举行。 have/has been+ The bank has been built.银行已经建成 过去分词了。 +be+过去分词 The bike can't be put here.这辆自行车不 能被放在这里。
【考点训练1】 l.Today Chinese(teach) in many schools around the world. 2.Some famous paintings(show) in the hall next week. 3.A new school(set up) in my hometown last year. 4,一How often do I need to feed the dog? ——It food every day,or it will be hungry. ( ) A.may give B.may be given C.must give D.must be given 答案：is taught will be shown was set up D 【被动语态的特殊结构】 种类构成例句
高中英语被动语态专项练习---有答案
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( ) far, the moon ____ by man already. ? A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) many trees ____ this year A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( ) ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( ) _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( ) story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两 ．．．．．．．．． 个方面噢 ．．．．) 's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
初中被动语态详细讲解
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式 的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many p eople speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make t he bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made b y them in the factory.
一般过去时过去进行时被动语态
一般过去时 一、一般过去时的基本构成 1、be动词的一般现在时形式：was , were 2、其他动词用过去式的形式 二、一般过去时的基本用法 1、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Eg ① He didn't finish his homework yesterday. ② We visited the factory last week. 2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。因此在这类句子中，经常 使用always，often，once a month等表示事情发生频度的时间状语。 ① When I was a child, I often played football in the street. ② Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 **表示过去经常性的、习惯性的动作也可以用used to do 来表示。（强调现在已经不这样了） Eg I used to get up early in the morning. 3、有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动 作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。 Eg I didn’t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只 能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）
【2019年备考】中考英语语法专题复习—被动语态专题
被动语态 学习目标:掌握被动语态结构以及时态变换 预习导学：举例把字句和被字句 知识梳理 一．被动语态的句法功能 1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 e.g.: Japanese is taught in that school. (类似warming up中的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性) 2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning. 看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！ He can carry the basket.
The basket can be carried by him. They can sing some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs can be sung by them. 总结：上面例句的小规律： △主动语态变为被动语态的方法： 主动语态：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语 （执行者）（承受者） 被动语态：主语+ be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者）（承受者）一般省略 【例题精讲】 例1.Children (not allow) to play frightening games. 例2.The Great Wall (know) by people all over the world. 例3.All the buildings (turn) into hospitals recently. 例4.How long can these magazines (keep)? Keys:1.aren’t allowed 2.is known 3.have been turned 4.be kept 【课堂练习】 提高题： 1. The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week. 2. The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune. 3. The password of your email box should (memorize). . 4. Liquids can (turn) into gases if their temperatures (make) hot enough. 5. The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night.
高中英语语法被动语态
被动语态 一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。如：主动句：They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。 被动句：This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 英语主动语态的时态共有十六种，而被动语态只有十种。 三、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We speak Chinese. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) Chinese is spoken by us. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) 主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况： 第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如： I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构） An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构） 第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如： My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构） A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） 第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。例如： We found him lying under the tree.我们发现他躺在树底下。（主动结构，宾语补足语为现在分词。） He was found lying under the tree.他被发现躺在树底下。（被动结构，主动结构的
初中被动语态详细讲解上课讲义
初中被动语态详细讲 解
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。
最新最全中考被动语态专题(含答案)
语法专题动词的语态 Name:___________ Date:__________ 常考知识清单一 1.被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词 2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构（以动词do为例） going to+ be was/were+ being
二、被动语态的用法 ★被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。*This watch is made in China. 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。*More trees must be planted every year. 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 *Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语（强调汉语的使用广泛） 4.动作的发出者不是人时. *Many houses were washed a way in the flood. 常考知识清单二 三步曲 1.要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。 2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。 3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态：动作执行者＋谓语动词主动形式＋动作承受者 被动语态：动作承受者＋谓语动词被动形式＋动作执行者 *We asked him to sing an English song. *He was asked to sing an English song by us. 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接语前加上介词to或for。 *She gave me a book.（变为被动语态）→I was given a book.（间接宾语me改为主语） 许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 *We should speak to old men politely.（变为被动语态）→ *Old men should be spoken to politely.（to不可省略） 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。 *I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.（变为被动语态）→ *Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等及使役动词let, make, here等动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。 *He makes the girl stay at home.（改为被动结构）→The girl is made to stay at home. *Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.（改为同义句）→ *They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.
(完整版)高中语法专题讲练-现在进行时的被动语态-考点归纳
现在进行时的被动语态 【语法情境感知】 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet,the rooms _________________ (paint). 2. The new plan __________________ (discuss) now. 3. The whole city looks like a big construction site.Many new factories ____________ (build). 4. Look! The roads ____________ (wide n) now. 5. —The wi ndow is dirty. —I know.It __________________ (not clean) for weeks. 答案： are being pain ted is being discussed are being built are being wide ned hasn ' t been cleaned 二、读下列句子，选出含有现在进行时的被动语态的句子 1.1 was invited to the English party. 2. The life of Milu deer is being studied at prese nt. 3. He said that the work would be fini shed the n ext week. 4. These books are specially writte n for childre n.
英语被动语态讲解及习题
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English．（主动语态） English is spoken by many people．（被动语态） 1．被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。 注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如： My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。） The door is open．（门开了。） 2．主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang． He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short． They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） 3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the people．The people make history． 4．不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much／What does it cost这值多少钱 Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
被动语态的基本用法(已整理)
被动语态的基本用法 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语中常用“被”“由”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be上,实义动词始终用过去分词形式。 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。例如： 一般现在时：am / is / are +动词的过去分词 (1)People grow rice in the south of the country.（主动语态） Rice is grown （by people）in the south of the country.（被动语态） (2)We water flowers every day. Flowers are watered (by us) every day. 一般过去时：was / were +动词的过去分词 He opened the door.他开了门。(主动语态) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动语态) 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 (1)You must hand in your homework after class. Your homework must be handed in after class. (2)He can write many letters with the computer. Many letters can be written with the computer by him. 一般将来时：shall / will + be+动词的过去分词或者is/are going to+动词的过去分词 (1)They will hold a meeting tomorrow. A meeting will be held (by them) tomorrow. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. 过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done (三)被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法 歌诀：一勾二变三换位（关键在于勾出谓语动词，并确定是什么时态） 一勾：勾出原句谓语动词；二变：把谓语变成被动结构(be＋动词过去分词)，时态、人称和
2019年中考英语被动语态专题
2019年中考英语被动语态专题 (详细语法讲解+真题实战练习) 一、课程介绍 知识点： ①一般现在时被动语态 ②一般过去时被动语态 ③一般将来时被动语态 ④含情态动词的被动语态 ⑤主动语态变被动语态几种特殊情况 教学重点： ①一般现在时被动语态 ②一般过去时被动语态 ③一般将来时被动语态 教学难点： ①主动和被动情况的判定 ②被动语态某些特殊情况 二、知识精要 语态概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 ①主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 e.g. Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 ②被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 e.g. Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现
出来的。 e.g. Many trees are planted by people every year. ③主动语态和被动语态的转换 a. 将主语句的宾语变为被动句的主语，若主动句的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 b. 谓语动词变为被动形式，即be+及物动词的过去分词形式，注意时态保持一致 c. 将主动句的主语与变为被动句的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by引导 主语为动作的承受者时，表示被动语态。 Tom eats an apple. (主动语态） An apple is eaten by Tom. (被动语态) 1、一般现在时被动语态 一般现在时被动语态结构：am／is／are＋done e.g. We’re influenced by his ideas. 我们仍然被他的思想所影响 e.g. It is still read and loved by people all over the world. 它仍然被全世界的人们所读和喜爱。 2、一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态结构：was／were＋done e.g. In those days, books were only produced one at a time by hand. 在那个年代，书是靠手工制作的，一次只能制作一本 3、一般将来时被动语态 一般将来时被动语态结构：will be＋done e.g. Their photos will be put up on the school website. 他们的照片将被公布在学校的网站上 书将会被网络取代吗？ e.g. Will books be replaced by the internet? 4、情态动词被动语态 情态动词被动语态结构：情态动词（can\must\should等）+ done
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A．were told to B．are told C．are told to D．were told 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。 【点睛】 to代替不定式 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。 注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。 本句还原为：Please don’t stand u p in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。 2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus. A．confirmed B．had been confirmed C．was confirmed D．have confirmed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。 考点：考查时态与被动语态 3．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继