您的位置：360文档中心› 上海市2017静安区高三语文一模试卷

上海市2017静安区高三语文一模试卷

合集下载

2024年浙江省北斗星高三语文考前最后一模试卷附答案解析

2024年浙江省北斗星高三语文考前最后一模试卷附答案解析

2024年浙江省北斗星高三语文考前最后一模试卷试卷满分150分。

考试用时150分钟一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题，18分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题我国城市发展进入以盘活存量空间为主的城市空间品质化建设和推进城市治理精细化的新阶段。

城市设计作为精细化规划管理的有效方式，是落实城市规划、指导建筑设计、塑造城市特色风貌的重要抓手，在提升城市品质、改善人居环境等方面发挥重要的作用。

“蓝图式”城市设计如何面向实施建设、如何辅助规划管理等问题已成为现代城市设计研究的重要课题。

城市设计实施是以获得高品质的城市空间秩序为目标，对开发建设行为进行设计控制和开发控制，将设计意图落地实施的一系列活动。

虽然目前我国城市设计工作取得一定发展，但城市设计的实施依然面临诸多问题与困境。

一方面，源于设计管控文件的局限性。

由于法定地位缺失，城市设计缺乏审批和实施的流程，城市设计成果难以以法定化形式保障实施。

规划编制阶段难以精准预测实施阶段的需求，进而导致刚性指标配置过大或过小或功能分配不均；而弹性指标更多是条文管控，规划方与管理方、地块设计与建设方等各方对此理解有所偏差。

非法定化、存在误差的管控文件导致城市设计成果难以有效传达至实施层面。

另一方面，源于多方协商机制的缺失。

城市设计要素的落实需要依赖开发商的认可与建设，但往往规划设计师在提交完设计文本后便结束自己的工作，其设计意图通过设计文本传达到开发建设者这一过程缺乏有效性。

此外，设计师与开发建设者、政府部门立场不同，市场逐利导致空间资源受到侵占，开发商往往找出各种理由争取建筑面积的最大化，将公共空间私有化。

可见，目前缺乏规划师、政府部门、开发商以及市民之间正式的协商平台。

广州传统中轴线片区是广州历史城区的空间原点，古代中轴线和近代中轴线的双轴线空间结构已成为广州城市文化的缩影。

近年来，该片区存在土地利用效率低、空间品质不高、老龄化严重、人口活力不足、历史文化遗产不显、市民城市意象感知认同偏低等城市问题，同时其面临建成环境构成复杂、城市更新涉及多元主体利益协调、历史保护任务重等更新治理挑战。

2017-2018学年上海市静安区八上英语期末(含答案)

2017-2018学年上海市静安区八上英语期末(含答案)

静安区2017学年度第一学期英语学科期末考试八年级试卷2018年1月(满分：120分完卷时间：90分钟）(考生注意：试题均采用连续编号，请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不得分。

）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力）Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分语音，词汇与语法）II.Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A,B,C或D表示，填入答题纸内）（共18分）26.The detective only found an empty wallet on the floor. Which is correct for the underlined part?A./i/B. /i:/C. /e/D. /ə /27.Mark saw something strange in the sky. It looked like__________ UFO.A. aB. anC. theD. /28.If you want to change for a couple room, you’ll have to pay__________$15.A. anotherB. otherC. eachD. more29.Chris was very frightened so that he didn’t want to talk to__________ after that accident.A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobodyD. everybody30.The shop assistant showed two__________ for me to choose.A. two pieces of jeansB. two pieces of jeanC. two pairs of jeansD. two pairs of jean31.About__________ of my classmates use the Internet to collect information.A. two-threeB. two-thirdC. two-thirdsD.second-thirds32.Your idea sounds as__________ as mine.A. bestB. wellC. betterD. good33.She’s seldom late for school, __________ she?A. isn’tB. hasn’tC. isD. has34.Captain King told Peters__________ any more.A. doesn’t argueB. didn’t argueC. not argueD. not to argue35. __________ exciting news report we’ve read!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an36.--- What are you going to do this weekend? --- I__________ tidying my room.A. will think aboutB. am thinking aboutC. thought aboutD. was thinking about37.I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It__________10 minutes ago.A. has leftB. had leftC. leftD. is leaving38.Look at the plane! Perhaps the pilot___________ it down on the cliff.A. is going to bringB. broughtC. bringsD. would bring39.As we all know Edison__________ the electric light which makes our life more convenient.A. madeB. discoveredC. inventedD. found40.You can__________ the information about dinosaurs in the encyclopedia if you want to know more about them.A. look forB. look afterC. look upD. look out41.The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it by myself. Could you give me a hand?The underlined word means__________.A. be friendly to meB. carry meC. hand it to meD. do me a favour42.The giant panda is very rare and is protected by law in China.The underlined word means__________.A. unusualB. expensiveC. lovelyD. funny43.—Let’s have a surprise party on New Year’s Eve.---__________.A. What a surprise party!B. Well done, isn’t it?C. That’s a good idea.D. I think so, but I hope not.plete the passages with the words and phrases in the boxes. Each word or phrase canTechnology has changed things a lot since 1900. Railways, cars, and electric lights have changed our cities. Airports and airplanes let people travel to different countries easily, so there are more foreigners here than there used to be. ____44______, there are fewer farms than there used to be because now farmers can grow more food by using _____45_____ . But the biggest change has probably been how people live their _____46_____at home.In the past, people had to wash their clothes by hand, which usually took about 12 hours from start to finish. Now, washing machines can do the same work in less than 40 minutes! Cooking and cleaning the house_____47_____ take many hours every day, too.Modern people have much more free time than people used to have. But this is not always a good thing. Many people get _____48_____ more easily than people in the past did. When they have free time, they just _____49_____ the Internet or listen to the radio. Thanks to technology, we have more free time now, but we must be careful to use it well. We should use our free time to make our world, and ourselves, better!IV.Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.(用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空限填一词，请将答案填写在答题纸上）（共7分）50.Cats are good at catching__________. (mouse).51.I have received Sandy’s invitation because it will be her__________ birthday nextmonth( twenty )52.I’m sure that they will enjoy__________ at the party. (they)53.It is necessary to help the children learn more about road__________. (safe)54.Fires are often caused by__________people. (careful)55.After kissing her sleeping baby__________, the lady went back to work. (gentle)56.She goes jogging every evening and becomes much __________. (healthy)V. Rewrite the sentence as required.(按要求改写下列句子，每空格一词，请将答案填写在答题纸上）（共12分）57.We will use the laser torch to kill Gork, too.(否定句）We__________ use the laser torch to kill Gork, __________.58.Mike fell asleep as soon as he lay down.(反义疑问句）Mike fell asleep as soon as he lay down, __________ __________?59.Most giant pandas weigh from 80 to 125 kilos.(对划线部分提问）__________ __________do most giant pandas weigh?60.We are too weak to open the cave door.(句意不变）We aren’t__________ __________to open the cave door.61.The president went to Tokyo by air last Saturday.The president__________ __________Tokyo last Saturday.(句意不变）62.was similar to, the furniture, the type, on the Earth (连词成句）____________________________________________________________Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读写）VI. Reading comprehension (阅读理解）（共35 分）A. Choose the best answer (根据对话内容，选择最恰当的答案）（5分）63.This passage is from___________.A. a playB. a reportC. an advertisementD. a story64.How many kinds of rooms can the hotel provide?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four65.If you want to book a single room with riverview for two nights in the hotel, you will haveto pay__________.A. 750B. Y 880C. Y 1220D. Y 176066.What does the underlined word mean in Chinese?A.豪华的B.便利的C.便宜的D.偏远的67.Which of the following statements is right?A.It has the most rooms in Guilin City.B.It's very convenient to get to the hotel.C.There are waterfalls, lakes, parks and hills in the hotel.D.The rooms in it are the most expensive in Guangxi.A.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）Collectors know just what to look for in a comic(连环漫画）book. They always check the _____68_____ first. They like to find the books that came out between 1938 and 1945. These years marked the Golden Age of comic books. Now these books are very expensive. The first copy of Marvel Comics cost a little money _____69_____ it came out. Now it is worth(值）more than $100,000.Collectors also look for the books in which a character appears for the first time. The first Superman story tells how Superman came to Earth. This comic book might cost as much as $125,000. _____70_____a character from one comic book appears in another one. When Batman is _____71_____ in a superman comic, the price of the book goes up. These books are called crossover books. They are worth more because there are not_____72_____ of them.Don't let the high prices keep you from starting a collection of your own. Comic books that came out after the Golden Age don't cost so much. Today's comic books are even _____73_____. You can enjoy them now and save them for their future value.68. A. place B. date C. size D. price69. A. when B. if C. before D. since70. A. Suddenly B. Luckily C. Really D. Sometimes71. A. lost B. wanted C. shown D. protected72. A. any B. some C. all D. many73. A. better B. cheaper C. more D. thickerB.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（12分）Do you know what “TV shopping” is? It has become more and more popular these days.In the past, when we needed something, we went to a place, bought it, and then left. Some people s_____74_____ much time walking on streets and looking at all the shopping windows. At last, they carried a lot of things back home or had none of them. They got exhausted (筋疲力尽的）after walking for so long.Now, you have another way, much easier to do—TV shopping, just turn on the TV, switch to the shopping channel, got a Coke for y_____75_____ and the only thing you have to do is sit comfortably and watch TV. You don’t need to worry whether it’s cold or hot outside, whether you get a f ______76____ to go with you, or whether you have enough money with you. After you o_____77_____ the products you see on TV, they will be sent to your house in only a few days. What if you don’t like the things you’ve bought? Don’t worry! You can just give them back. More importantly, you pay n____78______ for that.TV shopping is now the most common and e_____79_____ way for shopping. Try it next time when you need to buy something.C.Read and answer the questions.(根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（共10分）Being Someone Special"Mummy, am I special?" asked Ali."How special do you want to be?" his mother replied."Like inventing the fastest computer. That kind of special.""Well, you are always special to me even if you did not invent the fastest computer, Ali."Ali liked it every time his mother said he is special. But deep inside, he really wanted to be somebody special.Almost all of his classmates seemed to have something that made them different in a way that the others admired(羨慕).Nigel was the best football player. Gopal was the fastest runner in the whole school. When it came to drawing, there was little Rajoo who could put anything you asked for onto paper and made it looked so real.In class, the prettiest girl was Marianne, she had long dark hair. Ali didn't want to be beautiful like Marianne but he definitely wished he was taller than anyone of his age. He also wanted big strong arms. But Ali was thin and so were his arms and legs."Ali, you ought to be pleased with yourself and how you look. Be a nice, ordinary(普通）boy," his mother said, as if she knew what he was thinking. "You should be pleased that your ears are not sticking out a little bit more or you have one of those terrible noses.""Thanks mum, that's not what I meant. I really want to be special and do something special." Ali left the room, still comparing himself with his classmates and thinking how he would not be ordinary.80.What did Ali like to hear from his mother?81.Who was the best football player?82.How did Ali look?83.Did Ali’s mother really understand him?84.If you were Ali, what would you do to make yourself special? Why?VII. 85. Write at least 60 words about the topic “An Unforgettable Day”.（以“难忘的一天”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。

2017年初三二模语文课外文言文

2017年初三二模语文课外文言文

2017年初三二模汇编—课外文言文2017年初三二模徐汇区（四）阅读下面语段，完成第11-14题。

曾巩，字子固，建昌南丰人，巩性孝友……少与王安石游，安石声誉未振，巩导之于欧阳修，及安石得志，遂与之异，神宗尝问：“安石何如人？”对曰：“安石文学行义①,不减扬雄,以吝故不及。

”帝曰：“安石轻富贵,何吝也？”曰：“臣所谓吝者,谓其勇于有为,吝于改过耳。

”帝然之。

（有删改）【注释】①行义：行为道义。

11.解释下列加点词。

（4分）（1）少．与王安石游（）（2）以吝故不及．（）12.用现代汉语翻译文中画线句（2分）安石何如人？_______________________________________________________________________________13.14.选文内容体现曾巩的为人特点是（）（2分）A. 嫉恶如仇B.左右逢源C.春风化雨D.客观理性（四）阅读下面语段，完成第11——14题（12分）11.（4分，每空2分）（1）年轻（2分）比得上12.（2分）王安石为人怎样？13.（4分，每空2分）敢于有所作为不愿改正自己的过错14.（2分）D2017年初三二模闵行区（四）阅读下文，完成第11-14题（12分）先主一见马超，以为平西将军，封都亭侯，超见先主待之厚也，阔略无上下礼，与先主言，常呼字，关羽怒，请杀之，先主不从，张飞曰：“如是，当示之以礼。

”明日大会诸将，羽、飞并挟刀立直，超入顾坐席，不见羽、飞座，见其直也，乃大惊。

自后乃尊事先主。

11.解释下列句中加点的词。

（4分）（1）先主不从．（）（2）明日大会．诸将（）12.用现代汉语翻译下面句子（3分）13.关羽“请杀之”的原因是（用自己的话回答）（3分）14.对本材料中人物分析不恰当的一项是（）（2分）A.先主宽厚仁爱B.张飞求贤若渴C.关羽简单粗暴D.马超知错就改11.（4分）（1）听从（2分）（2）会合（或：聚会、集会）12.（3分）马超进入，环顾座位。

英语_2017年上海市静安区中考英语二模试卷(含答案)

英语_2017年上海市静安区中考英语二模试卷(含答案)

2017年上海市静安区中考英语二模试卷一、Part 2 Phonetics， Vocabulary and Grammar（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）1. How is your l________nch at school ？ Which is correct for the underlined part ？（）A /u/B /ʌ/C /ɔ：/D /a：/2. More and more young people are trying to do something for ________old at weekends．（）A aB anC theD /3. Jack left __________Germany last year and found a job in a big company a month ago．（）A forB inC toD after4. Donald Trump was elected as President of the United States _________November 9tℎ，2016．（）A inB ofC atD on5. I don't think the honour is ___________． It really belongs to all the teachers and friends around．（）A meB myC mineD myself6. Some students like to be volunteers in the community and _________prefer to do part﹣time jobs．（）A otherB the otherC othersD the others7. The more careful you are ， _________mistakes you will make in the coming test/（）A fewerB the fewerC fewestD the fewest8. Though Mr． Liu is over sixty ， he works as __________as those young people in the office．（）A hardB harderC hardestD the hardest9. After Jenny's mother had a conversation with the teacher ， she seemed very________．（）A happinessB happyC happilyD happiest10. ________is your home to the nearest underground station？__________About ten minutes' walk．（）A How soonB How longC How oftenD How far11. Online games are very attractive ， ____________we shouldn't spend too much time on it．（）A butB orC soD because12. The fireman set out immediately __________they received the phone call for help．（）A unlessB whileC as soon asD until13. Passengers _________show their passports and have their luggage checked before boarding．（）A mustB needC canD may14. Fred knows a lot about Chinese tea culture and its history ， _________？（）A isn't heB doesn't heC hasn't heD won't he15. By the year of 2010． the ten﹣year﹣old girl _______her first collection of poems（）A publishedB was publishingC has publishedD had published16. The news our football team lost an important game again made our fans ________for hours．（）A criedB cryC to cryD crying17. The workers on the construction site are used to __________at 5：30in the morning．（）A get upB got upC getting upD have got up18. ___________piece of good advice our teacher gave up before we entered for the contest!（）A HowB WhatC What anD What a19. Would you like to teach me how to make vegetable salad？___________I' ll teach you．（）A Of courseB Thanks a lotC Never mindD You are welcome．20. My family plan to visit the Oxford University this summer．___________（）A That's all rightB I don't think soC It's my pleasureD Sounds great二、.Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）21. A． sweet B． pretty C． rarely D． distance E． fruitThere was a man who had four sons． He wanted his sons to learn not to reach a conclusion too quickly． So he sent them ， to go and look at a pear tree that was a great（1）_______away． The first son went in the winter ， the second in the spring ， the third in the summer ， and the youngest son in the autumn． When they had all gone and come back ，the first son said that the tree didn't look a bit（2）_______or straight． The second son said no ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣it was covered with green buds （萌芽） and full of hope． The third son disagreed and said it was loaded with flowers that smelt so（3）_______， and it was themost amazing thing he had ever seen． The last son disagreed with all of them． He said it was drooping （下垂） with（4）_______， full of life and satisfaction．22. A． produce B． all the rest C． at the end D． miss E． judgeThe man then explained to his sons that they were all right because they had each seen but one season in the tree's life． He told them that they cannot（1）_______a tree ， or a person ，by only one season ， and that the key points of who they are ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣and the pleasure ，joy and love that come from that life ﹣﹣﹣can only be measured（2）_______， when all the seasons are up．If you give up when it's winter ， you will（3）_______the hope of your spring ， the beautyof your summer ， excitement of your autumn． Don't let the pain of one season destroy the joy of（4）_______．Don't decide a life by one difficult season．三、 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（8分）23. She prepared many colored stars to praise the________for their excellent work in class．（child）24. Look at the________stamp from the left! It's about the 2008Beijing Olympic Games．（five）25. Lily ， only eight ， is able to take care of________when her parents are out on business．（she）26. We know having no dinner isn't a healthy way for fat people to lose________．（weight）27. People are becoming more and more________in reading e﹣novels in the spare time．（ interest）28. Could you________give me a hand before I take part in the English speech contest ？（ possible ）29. One can easily find________excuse for what he does when facing the difficulties．（variety ）30. It's doctors' duty to________their patients carefully and give the best treatment．（治疗）．（exam）四、. Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子．62-67题，每空格限填一词．）（14分）31. Our headmaster usually has a meeting on Monday morning．（改为一般疑问句）________your headmaster usually________a meeting on Monday morning？32. The company apologized to the public for its terrible service．（保持句意不变）The company________the public for its terrible services．33. You can finish the work on computer． You needn't write anything on paper．（合并为一句）You can finish the work on computer________ writing anything on paper．34. The girl________is introducing her new school to the foreign guests．（对划线部分提问）________ is introducing her new school to the foreign guests？35. " John ， will you go abroad to continue your study next year？" Susan asked．（改为宾语从句）Susan asked John________ he________go abroad to continue his study the next year．36. Grandma Li plants different kinds of vegetables in her small yard．（改为被动语态）Different kinds of vegetables________by Grandma Li in her small yard．37. the problem ， ourselves ， we ， to work out ， within two days ， can depend on（连词成句）五. Part 3Reading and Writing（第三部分读写） Reading comprehension（阅读理解）：（共50分） A. Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）：（12分）38. Nothing in Wiley Post's early years suggests that he would become a famouspilot． His family were farmers． In 1913, Wiley saw something that forever changed his life ﹣an airplane． Wiley Post began to study everything he could find about flying． Post finally rode in an airplane in 1919． After his first ride, Wiley Post knew that flying was something he could learn to do．Wiley Post began his career in flying, not as a pilot, but as a performer who jumps from airplanes using a parachute． He did this with a group that performed flying tricks to earn money．Wiley Post then decided the only way to become a good pilot was to buy an airplane of his own． He needed more money than he earned in the flying show． He went to work in the oil﹣producing areas of Texas． But he damaged his left eye in an accident． Doctors had to remove his eye． Judging distance is difficult without two eyes． Wiley Post began teaching himself to judge distance with only one eye． It took a long time, but he succeeded． In 1928, he got a job flying the plane that belonged to a rich oil producer from Oklahoma called F．C．Hall． In 1930, Post entered the National Air Races in this plane and won．On June 23, 1931, Post and Gatty had flown around the world． But many people said Gatty was the real hero． He had guided the flight． This hurt Post． Wiley Post began to plan another flight around the world． This time he would go alone．On July 15, 1933, Post took off from Floyd Bennett Field in New York． He became the first person to fly from New York to Berlin without stopping． He had flown around the world in seven days, eighteen hours and forty﹣nine minutes．（1）． In 1913Wiley Post saw________which forever changed his life．A nothing．B an airplane．C a farmer．D a famous pilot．（2）． Wiley Post began his career in flying and earned money by________．A being a pilot．B flying a plane．C performing flying tricks．D making a parachute．（3）． In order to earn more money to buy an airplane of his own ， Wiley Post________．A went to work in Texas．B went on doing the flying show．C damaged his left eye．D got rid of one of his eyes．（4）． Who taught him to judge distance with only one eye ？________A Doctors．B Gatty．C A rich oil producer．D He himself．（5）． What does the word " This " probably stand for the sentence "This hurt Post．"________A Post flew F． C People say Gatty was the real hero．B Post and Gatty flew together． D Post failed to plan another flight alone．（6）． Which of the following is NOT Correct according to the passage ？________A Post rode an airplane for the first time in 1919．B In 1928， Post got a job and started to fly his own airplane．C Post entered the National Air Races in 1930and own．D In 1933， Post became the first one to fly from New York to Berlin without stopping．39. B． Choose the words of expressions and complete the passagewhy do leaves（树叶） change colour?One of nature's most beautiful（1）_______is a forest full of bright autumn colors． Imagine making art with all those colours of paint!Leaves in their autumn colours are beautiful． Did you ever wonder why a tree's leaves change colour? To answer this question , you need to（2）_______the important job thatleaves do．Leaves make food so the tree can grow and have energy． This process is called photosynthesis （光合作用）． Leaves need three things to do their job．1）Leaves need water , which they get from the tree（3）_______their stem （茎）．2）Leaves need a gas called carbon dioxide． They take it in from the air around them． 3）All plants（4）_______a chemical called chlorophyll（叶绿素）, which gives leaves their green colour． Leaves need sunlight , too． Sunlight and chlorophyll work together to turn water and carbon dioxide into a kind of sugar． This sugar is the food that provides plants （5）_______energy． When they make food , trees give off a gas called oxygen． Animals need oxygen to live．Photosynthesis doesn't just help plants stay alive． Photosynthesis（6）_______makes food for all living things． Some animals , such as mice , eat plants． Other animals , such as hawks , eat the plant eaters． Without plants , what would hawks do for food ?（1）A recordsB animalsC sightsD manners（2）A preventB includeC controlD understand（3）A throughB withC aboveD beside（4）A keep offB rely onC turn intoD give up（5）A impossibleB uselessC convenientD necessary（6）A almostB alsoC hardlyD seldom40. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Attending a university is an important part of a person's life． Today ， many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law ， medicine ， or education． But ， the university isn't a modern invention． An important o（56）________started in Egypt a thousand years ago．The world's oldest surviving university ， Al﹣Azhar ， is in Cario ， Egypt． It was first built as a mosque （清真寺） in A． D.972to（57）________the daughter of the king Muhammad． A few years later learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque． They read and talked about the subjects of religion（宗教） and law． Around the year 988 ，leaders in the city of Cario decided to create a school for learning and soon a（58）________that ， Al﹣Azhar University was started．Because a university was a new idea ， the teachers at Al﹣Azhar needed to think aboutwhat courses to teach and（59）________to teach them． The earliest courses were in lawand religions． In a course ， students read and studied with the teacher ， but there were hot and free d（60）________among them ， too． Often ， there was no" correct" answer toa question． In the years that followed ， the new university attracted scholars from around the world who came to teach and do research． At Al﹣Azhar ， people not only studied the past ， but it was a place for s（61）________new ideas with each others as wellOver a thousand years later， Al﹣Azhar is still an important university in the world．Its library contains more than 250，000of the world's oldest and most valuable books．Today，many of the world's most i（62）________universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the traditions started at Al﹣Azhar．41. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）More than one million international students are studying in the United States． Many of them find it helpful to have a smartphone and an American credit （信用卡），These things make it easy to pay for many kinds of goods and services． But getting a credit card as an international student is not a simple process． Normal U．S． lenders ask for a social security number（社会保障号码）． In addition， They ask to see a person's credit history． This helps the lenders trust that someone is responsible and will make timely payments． These are the ________ most international students do not have．But one company is trying to make the process easier and fairer for them．Jack Guo is from China． He now studies at a university in California． He says having an American credit card makes it easier for students to get around town． And， he says，credit cards are important for international students who hope to live in the country in the future．Kalpesh Kapadia came from India to study at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh，Pennsylvania． He faced the same difficulties that many international students face when trying to get an American credit card． He decided to open SelfScore（万事达信用卡）．Without asking for crediting history and a social number ， SelfScore looks at materials such as passports ， visas ，and acceptance letters to American school． ________About 10，000international students from more than 66countries now have credit cards through SelfScore． Kapadia says less than one percent of Self Score's credit card holders are late for their payments because of different kinds of reasons．（1）_______． Is it easy for an international student to get a credit card in the U．S． A？________（2）_______． What do " the things "in the second paragraph refer to ？________（3）_______． What can Jack Guo do in America if he has a credit card？________（4）_______． How did Kapadia get rid of his difficulties in getting an American credit card ？________（5）_______． How many SelfScore's credit card holders pay on time according to Kapadia？________（6）_______． SelfScore considers a student's ability to pay when he/she wants to get a credit card．Do you think it is important ？ Why or why not ？________六、. Writing（作文）（20分）42. Write at least 60words about the topic "________， a new way of life !"（请以"________，一种崭新的生活方式"为题，从以下图片中选取其中一张图片，举例表述你的思考和理由，写一篇不少于60 个词的短文，标点符号不占格．（注意：文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分）Points for reference ：• Which way do you choose to write about ？• Why do you think it a new way of life ？• Could you give some suggestions in order to make better use of it ？2017年上海市静安区中考英语二模试卷答案1. B2. C3. A4. D5. C6. C7. B8. A9. B10. D11. A12. C13. A14. B15. D16. B17. C18. D19. D20. D21. D,B,A,E22. E,C,D,B23. children24. fifth25. herself26. weight27. interested28. possibly29. various30. examine31. Does,have32. said sorry to33. instead of34. in red ,Which girl35. if,would36. are planted37. 先找到人称代词 We作句子的主语放在句首，再找动词 can depend on 作句子的谓语，ourselves 作句子的宾语，放在动词depend on的后面；to work out不定式作目的状语． the problem 放在动词work out 后面做宾语、within two days时间状语放在句末．故答案为 We can depend on ourselves to work out the problem within two days．38. BCADCB39. CDABDB40. ne,remember/recall,fter,how,iscussions,haring,important41. things,The company also consider a student's ability to pay．,No， itisn't,Asocialsecuritynumberandaperson'scredithistory,He can get around the town easily． He can live in the country in the future,ByopeningSelfScore,More than 99 percent,Yes，IdoBecausetheSelfScorealsowantstogetitsmoneyback42. mobike,mobike。

2017-2018学年上海市静安区等7区高二(下)期末数学试卷附解析7份

2017-2018学年上海市静安区等7区高二(下)期末数学试卷附解析7份

2017-2018学年上海市静安区高二（下）期末数学试卷一、选择题（本大题共3小题，共12.0分）1.抛物线x2=my上的点到定点（0，4）和定直线y=-4的距离相等，则m的值等于（）A. B. C. 16 D.2.设有两条直线a，b和两个平面α、β，则下列命题中错误的是（）A. 若，且，则或B. 若，且，，则C. 若，且，，则D. 若，且，则3.已知对称轴为坐标轴的双曲线的渐进线方程为y=±x（a＞0，b＞0），若双曲线上有一点M（x0，y0），使b|x0|＜a|y0|，则该双曲线的焦点（）A. 在x轴上B. 在y轴上C. 当时，在x轴上D. 当时，在y轴上二、填空题（本大题共10小题，共35.0分）4.若经过圆柱的轴的截面面积为2，则圆柱的侧面积为______．5.点M（2，3）到直线l：ax+（a-1）y+3=0的距离等于3，则a=______．6.复数z=的共轭复数=______．（其中i为虚数单位）7.一个高为的正三棱锥的底面正三角形的边长为3，则此正三棱锥的表面积为______．8.已知复数集中实系数一元二次方程x2-4x+a=0有虚根z，则|z|的取值范围是______．9.圆锥的母线l长为10cm，母线与旋转轴的夹角为30°，则该圆锥的体积为______cm3．10.某地球仪上北纬60°纬线长度为6πcm，则该地球仪的体积为______cm3．11.已知方程x2+x+p=0（p∈R）有两个根α、β，且|α-β|=，则p的值为______．12.椭圆的中心在原点，对称轴为坐标轴，椭圆短轴的一个顶点B与两焦点F1、F2组成的三角形的周长为 4+2且∠F1BF2=，则椭圆的方程是______．13.已知双曲线Γ上的动点P到点F1（-1，0）和F2（1，0）的距离分别为d1和d2，∠F1PF2=2θ，且d1•d2sin2，则双曲线Γ的方程为______．三、解答题（本大题共5小题，共51.0分）14.已知复数z=3+bi（b∈R），且（1+3i）•z为纯虚数，求||．（其中i为虚数单位）15.已知动圆M既与圆C1：x2+y2+4x=0外切，又与圆C2：x2+y2-4x-96=0内切，求动圆的圆心M的轨迹方程．16.如图，AB是平面α的斜线，B为斜足，AO平面α，O为垂足，BC是平面α上的一条直线，OC BC于点C，∠ABC=60°，∠OBC=45°．（1）求证：BC平面AOC；（2）求AB和平面α所成的角的大小．17.（文科）已知正四棱柱ABCD-A1B1C1D1中，底面边长为2，AA1=4，点M在线段CC1上．（1）求异面直线A1B与AC所成角的大小；（2）若直线AM与平面ABC所成角为，求多面体ABM-A1B1C1的体积．18.已知等轴双曲线C：x2-y2=a2（a＞0）的右焦点为F，O为坐标原点．过F作一条渐近线的垂线FP且垂足为P，．（1）求等轴双曲线C的方程；（2）假设过点F且方向向量为，的直线l交双曲线C于A、B两点，求的值；（3）假设过点F的动直线l与双曲线C交于M、N两点，试问：在x轴上是否存在定点P，使得为常数．若存在，求出点P的坐标；若不存在，试说明理由．答案和解析1.【答案】C【解析】解：根据抛物线定义可知，定点（0，4）为抛物线的焦点，∴=4m=16故选：C．根据抛物线定义可知，定点（0，4）为抛物线的焦点，进而根据定点坐标求得m．本题考查了抛物线的定义，属基础题．2.【答案】D【解析】证明：A：若a∥α，且a∥b，则bα或b∥α，正确B：若a∥b，且aα，则bα，又bβ，则由线面垂直的性质可知α∥β，正确C：若α∥β，且aα，则aβ，又bβ，由线面垂直的性质定理可知a∥b，正确D：若a b，且a∥α，则bα也有可能b⊆α，错误故选：D．A：若a∥α，且a∥b，则bα或b∥α；B：由线面垂直的性质可判断；C：由线面垂直的性质定理可判断；D：bα也有可能b⊆α本题考查的知识点是平面与平面之间的位置关系，空间中直线与直线之间的位置关系，空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系，熟练掌握空间线面之间关系的判定方法及性质定理是解答此类问题的关键．3.【答案】B【解析】解：∵a|y0|＞b|x0|≥0∴平方a2y02＞b2x02∴-＞0∴焦点在y轴故选：B．利用题设不等式，令二者平方，整理求得-＞0，即可判断出焦点的位置．本题主要考查了双曲线的简单性质．考查了学生分析问题和解决问题的能力．4.【答案】2π【解析】解：设圆柱的底面半径为r，高为h，则圆柱的轴截面面积为2rh=2，∴rh=1．∴圆柱的侧面积S=2πrh=2π．故答案为：2π．根据轴截面积得出圆柱底面半径与高的关系，代入侧面积公式即可得出答案．本题考查了圆柱的结构特征，侧面积计算，属于基础题．5.【答案】或【解析】解：由题意可得：=3，化为：7a2+18a-9=0．解得a=或-3．故答案为：或-3．利用点到直线的距离公式即可得出．本题考查了点到直线的距离公式，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．6.【答案】-1-i【解析】解：z====-1+i∴复数z=的共轭复数是-1-i故答案为：-1-i根据复数除法法则，分子分母同乘分母的共轭复数化简成基本形式，再根据共轭复数的定义求出所求即可．本题主要考查了复数代数形式的乘除运算，以及共轭复数的定义，同时考查了运算能力，属于基础题．7.【答案】【解析】解：一个高为的正三棱锥S-ABC中，AB=AC=BC=3，取BC中点D，连结AD，SD，过S作SE平面ABC，交AD 于E，则AE==，DE==，∴SA=SB=SC==，SD==1，∴此正三棱锥的表面积：S=3S△SBC+S△ABC==．故答案为：．取BC中点D，连结AD，SD，过S作SE平面ABC，交AD于E，则AE=，DE=，SA=SB=SC=，SD=1，此正三棱锥的表面积：S=3S△SBC+S△ABC，由此能求出结果．本题考查正三棱锥的表面积的求法，考查正三棱锥的性质等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查数形结合思想，是中档题．8.【答案】（2，+∞）【解析】解：复数集中实系数一元二次方程x2-4x+a=0有虚根z，则△=16-4a＜0，解得a＞4．z=2i．则|z|==＞2，可得|z|的取值范围是（2，+∞）．故答案为：（2，+∞）．复数集中实系数一元二次方程x2-4x+a=0有虚根z，可得△＜0，解得a＞4．利用求根公式可得z=2i．再利用模的计算公式即可得出．本题考查了不等式的解法、实系数一元二次方程与判别式的关系、模的计算公式，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．9.【答案】【解析】解：如图所示，圆锥的母线l=10cm，母线与旋转轴的夹角为30°，∴圆锥的底面圆半径为r=lsin30°=10×=5cm；高为h=lcos30°=10×=5cm；∴该圆锥的体积为V=πr2h=•π•52•5=cm3．故答案为：．根据题意画出圆锥的轴截面图形，结合图形求出圆锥的底面圆半径和高，再计算圆锥的体积．本题考查了圆锥的体积计算问题，是基础题．10.【答案】288【解析】解：由题意：地球仪上北纬60°纬线的周长为6πcm，纬圆半径是：3cm，地球仪的半径是：6cm；地球仪的体积是：π×63=288cm3，故答案为：288π．地球仪上北纬60°纬线的周长为6πcm，可求纬圆半径，然后求出地球仪的半径，再求体积．本题考查球面距离，球的表面积，考查学生空间想象能力，是基础题．11.【答案】或【解析】解：当△≥0时，（α-β）2=（α+β）2-4αβ=1-4p=3，∴p=；当△＜0时，|α-β|=||==∴p=1，故p的值为，1．只需注意分实根和虚根两种情况就可以了．此题考查了实系数二次方程根的判别，难度不大．12.【答案】或【解析】解：设长轴为2a，焦距为2c，则在△F2OB中，由∠F2BO=得：c=a，所以△F2OF1的周长为：2a+2c=4+2，∴a=2，c=，∴b2=1则椭圆的方程是或．故答案为：或．先结合椭圆图形，通过直角三角形△F2OB推出a，c的关系，利用周长得到第二个关系，求出a，c然后求出b，求出椭圆的方程．本题主要考查考察查了椭圆的标准方程的求法，关键是求出a，b的值，易错点是没有判断焦点位置．13.【答案】=1【解析】解：在△PF1F2中，|F1F2|=4=d12+d22-2d1d2cos2θ=（d1-d2）2+4d1d2sin2θ（d1-d2）2=4-4λ=（2a）2∴，，故双曲线方程为．故答案为：．在△PF1F2中，利用余弦定理得出（d1-d2）2=4-4λ=（2a）2，从而求得a2，b2，最后求出双曲线的方程即可．本小题主要考查余弦定理、双曲线方程等基础知识．属于中档题．14.【答案】解：复数z=3+bi（b∈R），且（1+3i）•z为纯虚数．即（1+3i）•（3+bi）=3-3b+（9+b）i为纯虚数，∴3-3b=0，9+b≠0，解得b=1．∴z=3+i．∴====2-i，∴||=|2-i|=．【解析】利用复数的运算法则、纯虚数的定义即可得出．利用复数的运算法则、模的计算公式即可得出．本题考查了复数的运算法则、纯虚数的定义、模的计算公式，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．15.【答案】解：化圆C1：x2+y2+4x=0为（x+2）2+y2=4，化圆C2：x2+y2-4x-96=0为（x-2）2+y2=100．设动圆圆心M（x，y），半径为r，则，则|MC1|+|MC2|=12＞|C1C2|=4．∴M是以C1，C2为焦点，长轴长为12的椭圆．∴2a=12，a=6，则a2=36，b2=a2-c2=32．则动圆的圆心M的轨迹方程为．【解析】化已知两圆方程为标准方程，求出圆心坐标与半径，画出图形，利用椭圆定义求得动圆的圆心M的轨迹方程．本题考查轨迹方程的求法，考查圆与圆位置关系的应用，训练了利用定义法求椭圆方程，是中档题．16.【答案】证明：（1）∵AB是平面α的斜线，B为斜足，AO平面α，O为垂足，BC是平面α上的一条直线，∴AO BC，又OC BC，且AO∩OC=O，∴BC平面AOC．解：（2）设BC=1，∵OC BC于点C，∠ABC=60°，∠OBC=45°．BC平面AOC，∴OC=1，OB==，AB=2，∴AO==，∵AO平面α，∴∠ABO是AB和平面α所成的角，∵AO=BO，PO BO，∴∠ABO=45°，∴AB和平面α所成的角为45°．【解析】（1）推导出AO BC，OC BC，由此能证明BC平面AOC．（2）设BC=1，推导出OC=1，OB=，AB=2，从而AO==，由AO平面α，得∠ABO是AB和平面α所成的角，由此能求出AB和平面α所成的角．本题考查线面垂直的证明，考查线面角的求法，考查空间中线线、线面、面面间的位置关系等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是中档题．17.【答案】解：（1）连接BC1则由于在正四棱柱ABCD-A1B1C1D1中AC∥A1C1故异面直线A1B与AC所成角即为直线A1B与A1C1所成的角∵正四棱柱ABCD-A1B1C1D1中，底面边长为2，AA1=4∴BC1=，A1B=，∴cos∠BA1C1==∴异面直线A1B与AC所成角即为arccos（2）∵正四棱柱ABCD-A1B1C1D1中MC面ABCD∴∠MBC=∵BC=2∴MC=2∵∴=×2×2×4-×=即多面体ABM-A1B1C1的体积为【解析】（1）利用异面直线所成角的定义再结合正四棱柱ABCD-A1B1C1D1中的性质可得直线A1B与A1C1所成的角即为所求然后在三角形A1C1B利用余弦定理即可得解．（2）由于多面体ABM-A1B1C1的不规则性故可利用因此需利用直线AM与平面ABC所成角为来确定点M的位置后问题就解决了．本题主要考查了异面直线所成的角和几何体体积的求解．解题的关键是第一问要利用图形的性质将异面直线所成的角转化为相交直线所成的角而第二问对于不规则图形体积的求解常采用规则图形的体积差来求解（比如本题中的多面体ABM-A1B1C1的体积转化为正三棱柱的体积减去三棱锥的体积）！18.【答案】解：（1）设右焦点坐标为F（c，0），（c＞0），∵双曲线为等轴双曲线，∴渐近线必为y=±x由对称性可知，右焦点F到两条渐近线距离相等，且∠POF=．∴△OPF为等腰直角三角形，则由||=⇒||=c=2又∵等轴双曲线中，c2=2a2⇒a2=2∴等轴双曲线C的方程为x2-y2=2（2）设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）为双曲线C与直线l的两个交点∵F（2，0），直线l的方向向量为=（1，2），∴直线l的方程为，即y=2（x-2）代入双曲线C的方程，可得，x2-4（x-2）2=2⇒3x2-16x+18=0∴x1+x2=，x1x2=6，而=x1x2+y1y2=x1x2+（x1-2）（x2-2）=5x1x2-8（x1+x2）+16=（3）假设存在定点P，使得为常数，其中，M（x1，y1），N（x2，y2）为双曲线C与直线l的两个交点的坐标，①当直线l与x轴不垂直是，设直线l的方程为y=k（x-2），代入双曲线C的方程，可得（1-k2）x2+4k2x-（4k2+2）=0由题意可知，k=±1，则有x1+x2=，x1x2=∴=（x1-m）（x2-m）+k2（x1-2）（x2-2）=（4k2+1）x1x2-（2k2+m）（x1+x2）+4k2+m2=+4k2+m2=+m2=+m2+2（1-2m）要使是与k无关的常数，当且仅当m=1，此时，=-1②当直线l与x轴垂直时，可得点M（2，），N（2，-）若m=1，=-1亦为常数综上可知，在x轴上是否存在定点P（1，0），使得=-1为常数．【解析】（1）根据双曲线为等轴双曲线，可求出渐近线方程，再根据P点为过F作一条渐近线的垂线FP的垂足，以及，可求出双曲线中c的值，借助双曲线中a，b，c的关系，得到双曲线方程．（2）根据直线l的方向向量以及f点的坐标，可得直线l的方程，与双曲线方程联立，解出x1+x2，x1x2的值，代入中，即可求出的值．（3）先假设存在定点P，使得为常数，设出直线l的方程，与双曲线方程联立，解x1+x2，x1x2，用含k的式子表示，再代入中，若为常数，则结果与k无关，求此时m的值即可．本题考查了等轴双曲线的方程的求法，以及直线与双曲线位置关系的应用．2017-2018学年上海市宝山区高二（下）期末数学试卷一、选择题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）19.下列四个命题中真命题是（）A. 同垂直于一直线的两条直线互相平行B. 底面各边相等，侧面都是矩形的四棱柱是正四棱柱C. 过空间任一点与两条异面直线都垂直的直线有且只有一条D. 过球面上任意两点的大圆有且只有一个20.设M=i2+i3+i4+…+i2018，N=i2•i3•i4…•i2018，i为虚数单位，则M与N的关系是（）A. B. C. D.21.设、均是非零向量，且，若关于x的方程x2+||x+=0有实根，则与的夹角的取值范围为（）A. B. C. D.22.定义：如果一个向量列从第二项起，每一项与它的前一项的差都等于同一个常向量，那么这个向量列叫做等差向量列，这个常向量叫做等差向量列的公差．已知向量列是以，为首项，公差，的等差向量列．若向量与非零向量，∈垂直，则=（）A. B. C. D.二、填空题（本大题共12小题，共54.0分）23.在复数范围内，方程x2+x+1=0的根是______．24.若直线l经过点A（-1，1），且一个法向量为=（3，3），则直线方程是______．25.行列式的第2行第3列元素的代数余子式M23的值为______．26.在直角△ABC中，∠C=90°，∠A=30°，BC=1，D为斜边AB的中点，则=______．27.执行如图的程序框图，如果输入i=6，则输出的S值为______．28.数列{a n}中，为奇数为偶数，S2n=a1+a2+…+a2n，则=______．29.不论k为何实数，直线y=kx+1与曲线x2+y2-2ax+a2-2a-4=0恒有交点，则实数a的取值范围是______．30.已知线段AB长为3，A、B两点到平面α的距离分别为1与2，则AB所在直线与平面α所成角的大小为______．31.若|z-2i|+|z-z0|=4表示的动点的轨迹是椭圆，则|z0|的取值范围是______．32.将半径为1和2的两个铅球，熔成一个大铅球，那么，这个大铅球的表面积是______．33.设，，，∈，，，，，∈，．已知矩阵，其中A∈S1，B∈S2．那么B=______．34.一只酒杯的轴截面是抛物线的一部分，它的函数解析式是y=（0≤y≤20），在杯内放一个玻璃球，要使球触及酒杯底部，则玻璃球的半径r的取值范围是______．三、解答题（本大题共5小题，共76.0分）35.已知直线l1：x+y+1=0，l2：5x-y-1=0，l3：3x+2y+1=0，其中l1与l2的交点为P．（1）求点P到直线l3的距离；（2）求过点P且与直线l3的夹角为45°的直线方程．36.如图所示：在底面为直角梯形的四棱锥S-ABCD中，∠ABC=90°，SA面ABCD，E、F分别为SA、SC的中点．如果AB=BC=2，AD=1，SB与底面ABCD成60°角．（1）求异面直线EF与CD所成角的大小（用反三角形式表示）；（2）求点D到平面SBC的距离．37.在中国绿化基金会的支持下，库布齐沙漠得到有效治理.2017年底沙漠的绿化率已达30%，从2018年开始，每年将出现这样的情况，上一年底沙漠面积的16%被栽上树改造为绿洲，而同时，上一年底绿洲面积的4%又被侵蚀，变为沙漠．（1）设库布齐沙漠面积为1，由绿洲面积和沙漠面积构成，2017年底绿洲面积为a1=，经过1年绿洲面积为a2，经过n年绿洲面积为a n+1，试用a n表示a n+1；（2）问至少需要经过多少年的努力才能使库布齐沙漠的绿洲面积超过60%（年数取整数）．38.设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n，已知直角坐标平面上的点P n（n，）均在函数y=x的图象上．（1）求数列{a n}的通项公式；（2）若已知点M（1，0），A n=（2，a n）、B=（2-b n，1）为直角坐标平面上的点，且有∥，求数列{b n}的通项公式；（3）在（2）的条件下，若使≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，求实数t的取值范围．39.已知O是平面直角坐标系的原点，双曲线Γ：=1．（1）过双曲线Γ的右焦点F1作x轴的垂线，交Γ于A、B两点，求线段AB的长；（2）设M为Γ的右顶点，P为Γ右支上任意一点，已知点T的坐标为（t，0），当|PT|的最小值为|MT|时，求t的取值范围；（3）设直线y=x-2与Γ的右支交于A，B两点，若双曲线右支上存在点C使得，求实数m的值和点C的坐标．答案和解析1.【答案】C【解析】解：对于A，同垂直于一直线的两条直线不一定互相平行，故错；对于B，底面各边相等，侧面都是矩形的四棱柱是直四棱柱，不一定是正四棱柱，故错；对于C，两条异面直线的公垂线是唯一的，所以过空间任一点与两条异面直线都垂直的直线有且只有一条，正确；对于D，过球面上任意两点的大圆有无数个，故错；故选：C．A，同垂直于一直线的两条直线的位置关系不定；B，底面各边相等，侧面都是矩形的四棱柱底面不一定是正方形；C，两条异面直线的公垂线是唯一的，所以过空间任一点与两条异面直线都垂直的直线有且只有一条；D，过球面上任意两点的大圆有无数个；本题考查了命题真假的判定，属于基础题．2.【答案】D【解析】解：M=i2+i3+i4+…+i2018=；N=i2•i3•i4…•i2018=．∴M=N．故选：D．分别利用等差数列与等比数列的前n项和求解后比较．本题考查等差数列与等比数列的前n项和，考查虚数单位i的性质，是基础题．3.【答案】B【解析】解：∵关于x的方程x2+||x+•=0有实根，∴||2-4≥0，∴≤，∴cos＜＞=≤=，又0≤＜＞≤π，∴＜＞≤π．故选：B．令判别式△≥0可得≤，代入夹角公式得出cos＜＞的范围，从而得出向量夹角的范围．本题考查了平面向量的数量积运算，属于中档题．4.【答案】D【解析】解：，∵向量与非零向量垂直，∴nx n=-3x n+1，，∴==×=-．故选：D．由题设知nx n=-3x n+1，，==×，由此能求出其结果．本题考查数列的性质和应用，解题时要注意递推公式和累乘法的合理运用．5.【答案】【解析】解：∵x2+x+1=0∴=故答案为：结合一元二次方程的求根公式，结合i2=-1即可求解本题主要考查了一元二次实系数方程的根的求解，解题的关键是i2=-1的应用6.【答案】x+y=0【解析】解：设直线的方向向量∵直线l一个法向量为=（3，3）∴∴k=-1∵直线l经过点A（-1，1）∴直线l的方程为y-1=（-1）×（x+1）即x+y=0故答案为x+y=0设出直线的方向向量然后根据法向量为=（3，3）求出k再根据方向向量的定义得出k即为直线l的斜率然后可由点斜式写出直线方程．本题主要考查直线方向向量的概念．解题的关键是要根据直线方向向量的概念设出方向向量而k即为直线l的斜率然后根据法向量为=（3，3）求出斜率k．7.【答案】-11【解析】解：行列式的第2行第3列元素的代数余子式：M23=（-1）2+3D23=-=-（8+3）=-11．故答案为：-11．行列式的第2行第3列元素的代数余子式：M23=（-1）2+3D23=-．本题考查行列式的代数余子式的求法，考查代数余子式等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．8.【答案】-1【解析】解：：∵∠C=90°，∠A=30°，BC=1，∴AB=2．∵D为斜边AB的中点，∴CD=AB=1，∠CDA=180°-30°-30°=120°．∴=2×1×cos120°=-1，故答案为：-1．根据含有30°角的直角三角形的性质，得到AB与CD的长度，求出两个向量的夹角是120°，利用向量的数量积公式写出表示式，得到结果．本题考查平面向量的数量积的运算，考查含有30°角的直角三角形的性质，是一个基础题．9.【答案】21【解析】解：由程序框图知：程序第一次运行S=0+1=1，n=1+1=2；第二次运行S=1+2=3，n=2+1=3；第三次运行S=1+2+3=6，n=3+1=4；…直到n=7时，不满足条件n≤6，程序运行终止，输出S=1+2+3+…+6=21．故答案为：21．根据框图的流程，依次计算运行的结果，直到不满足条件n≤6，计算此时的S 值．本题考查了循环结构的程序框图，根据框图的流程判断算法的功能是关键．10.【答案】【解析】解：∵∴当数列的项数为2n时，奇数项和偶数都是n项，∴奇数项和s1=a1+a3+a5+…+a2n-1===偶数项和s2=a2+a4+…+a2n=-2（）=-2×=-（1-）∴s 2n=s1+s2=（1-），则s2n=故答案为：根据通项公式的特点，奇数项和偶数项构成等比数列，分别求出奇数项和与偶数项和，然后加在一起求s2n，再求极限．由通项公式的特点将该数列分成两个等比数列，然后分别求和，也成为分组求和法，即把非特殊数列的求和问题化为等差（等比）数列的求和问题．11.【答案】-1≤a≤3【解析】解：直线y=kx+1恒过（0，1）点的直线系，曲线x2+y2-2ax+a2-2a-4=0表示圆圆心（a，0），半径为：），直线与曲线x2+y2-2ax+a2-2a-4=0恒有交点，必须定点在圆上或圆内，即：所以，-1≤a≤3故答案为：-1≤a≤3．直线y=kx+1与曲线x2+y2-2ax+a2-2a-4=0恒有交点，说明直线系过的定点必在圆上或圆内．本题考查直线与圆的位置关系，点与圆的位置关系，两点间的距离公式，直线系等知识是中档题．12.【答案】arcsin或【解析】解：当A，B在平面α同侧时，点A到平面的距离AD=1，点B到平面的距离BC=2，过A作AE BC，交BC于E，则BE=1，AB=2，∴∠BAE是AB所在直线与平面α抽成角，sin∠BAE==，∴AB所在直线与平面α所成角的大小为arcsin．当A，B在平面α异侧时，点A到平面的距离AD=1，点B到平面的距离BC=2，连结CD，交AB于O，由题意得△ADO∽△BCO，∴OB=2AO，∴AB=2，∴AO=1，BO=2，∴D，O，C三点重合，∴AB平面α，∴AB所在直线与平面α所成角的大小为．故答案为：arcsin或．当A，B在平面α同侧时，点A到平面的距离AD=1，点B到平面的距离BC=2，过A作AE BC，交BC于E，则BE=1，AB=2，∠BAE是AB所在直线与平面α抽成角，由此能求出AB所在直线与平面α所成角的大小；当A，B在平面α异侧时，点A到平面的距离AD=1，点B到平面的距离BC=2，推导出AB平面α，由此能求出AB所在直线与平面α所成角的大小．本题考查线面角的大小的求法，考查空间中线线、线面、面面间的位置关系等基础知识，考查运算与求解能力，考查化归与转化思想，是中档题．13.【答案】[0.6）【解析】解：|z-2i|+|z-z0|=4表示的动点的轨迹是椭圆，由椭圆的定义可知，z0到（0，2）的距离小于4．z0的轨迹是以（0.2）为圆心4为半径的圆的内部部分，|z0|的取值范围是：[0，6）．故答案为：[0，6）．利用椭圆的定义，判断z0的轨迹方程，然后求解即可．本题考查复数的几何意义，轨迹方程的求法，考查分析问题解决问题的能力．14.【答案】12π【解析】解：设大铅球的半径为R，则（13+23）=，解得R=，∴这个大铅球的表面积S=4πR2==12π．故答案为：12π．设大铅球的半径为R，则（13+23）=，求出R=，由此能求出这个大铅球的表面积．本题考查球的表面积的求法，考查球的体积、表面积等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．15.【答案】〔〕【解析】解：∵A∈S1，B∈S2．∴设，∴A+B=已知矩阵，∴∴那么B=〔〕故答案为：〔〕．根据A∈S1，B∈S2．设，求出A+B，结合已知矩阵，列出关于a，b，c，d的方程组，求出a，b，c，d．即可得到B．本小题主要考查二阶矩阵、方程组的解法等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查待定系数法思想．属于基础题．16.【答案】0＜r≤1【解析】解：设小球圆心（0，y0）抛物线上点（x，y）点到圆心距离平方r2=x2+（y-y0）2=2y+（y-y0）2=Y2+2（1-y0）y+y02若r2最小值在（0，0）时取到，则小球触及杯底所以1-y0≥0所以0＜y0≤1所以0＜r≤1故答案为：0＜r≤1．设小球圆心（0，y0）抛物线上点（x，y），求得点到圆心距离平方的表达式，进而根据若r2最小值在（0，0）时取到，则小球触及杯底需1-y0≥0进而求得r的范围．本题主要考查了抛物线的应用．考查了学生利用抛物线的基本知识解决实际问题的能力．17.【答案】解：（1）联立，解得x=0，y=-1．∴P（0，-1）．∴点P到直线l3的距离==．（2）设要求的直线斜率为k，由题意可得：=±tan45°，解得k=5或-．∴过点P且与直线l3的夹角为45°的直线方程为：5x-y-1=0或x+5y+5=0．【解析】（1）联立，解得P坐标，利用点到直线的距离公式即可得出．（2）设要求的直线斜率为k，由题意可得：=±tan45°，解得k，利用点斜式即可得出．本题考查了直线交点、点到直线的距离公式、直线夹角，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．18.【答案】解：（1）连接AC，则∠ACD即为异面直线EF与CD所成角．计算得：AC=2，CD=，所以异面直线EF与CD成角．另解：以A为坐标原点，AD、BA、AS方向为正方向建立坐标系计算SA=2，，、，，计算得，所以异面直线EF与CD成角（2）由于SA平面ABCD，所以∠SBA即为斜线SB与底面ABCD所成角60°计算得：，，△ S△BCD=2由于△所以【解析】（1）法一：连接AC，则∠ACD即为异面直线EF与CD所成角，然后利用余弦定理求出此角的余弦值，最后用反三角表示即可．法二：以A为坐标原点，AD、BA、AS方向为正方向建立坐标系，求出异面直线EF与CD的方向向量，利用向量的夹角公式求出夹角即可；（2）由于SA平面ABCD，所以∠SBA即为斜线SB与底面ABCD所成角60°，然后根据等体积法建立等式关系，求出h即为点D到平面SBC的距离．本题主要考查了两异面直线所成角，以及利用等体积法求点到平面的距离，属于中档题．19.【答案】解：（1）设2017年年底沙漠面积为b1，经过n年治理后沙漠面积为b n+1，则a n+b n=1．依题意，a n+1由两部分组成，一部分是原有的绿洲面积减去沙漠化剩下的面积，a n-4%a n=96%a n，另一部分是新植树绿洲化的面积16%b n，于是a n+1=96%a n+16%b n=96%a n+16%（1-a n）=80%a n+16%=0.8a n+0.16；（2）由于a n+1=0.8a n+0.16，两边减去0.8得：a n+1-0.8=0.8（a n-0.8）又a1-0.8=-0.5，所以{a n-0.8}是以-0.5为首项，0.8为公比的等比数列．所以a n+1=0.8-0.5•0.8n，依题意，0.8-0.5•0.8n＞0.6，∴（0.8）n＜0.4，两边取对数得n＞log0.80.4==，即n＞4．故至少需要5年才能达到目标．【解析】（1）由题意，a n+1由两部分组成，一部分是原有的绿洲面积减去沙漠化剩下的面积，另一部分是新植树绿洲化的面积，由此可得数列递推式；（2）利用（1）的结论进而可求数列的通项，建立不等式，由此可得结论．本题考查利用数列知识解决实际问题，考查数列递推式，考查数列的通项，考查学生的计算能力，属于中档题．20.【答案】解：（1）点P n（n，）均在函数y=x的图象上．∴=n，可得S n=n2．∴n≥2时，a n=S n-S n-1=n2-（n-1）2=2n-1．n=1时，a1=S1=1．∴a n=2n-1．（2）=（1，a n），=（1-b n，1）．∵∥，∴a n•（1-b n）-1=0，解得b n=1-=1-=．（3）≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，∴（-1）n-1•+≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，n=2k-1（k∈N*）时，+≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，∴t≥，∴t≥1．n=2k（k∈N*）时，-+≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，∴t≤2n-2，∴t≤2．综上可得实数t的取值范围是[1，2]．【解析】（1）点P n（n，）均在函数y=x的图象上．=n，可得S n=n2．n≥2时，a n=S n-S n-1．n=1时，a1=S1．可得a n．（2）=（1，a n），=（1-b n，1）．根据∥，可得a n•（1-b n）-1=0，进而得出．（3）≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，（-1）n-1•+≤0对于任意n∈N*恒成立，对n分类讨论利用数列的单调性即可得出．本题考查了数列递推关系、方程与不等式的解法、数列的单调性、分类讨论方法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．21.【答案】解：（1）双曲线Γ：=1中a2=12，b2=3，则c2=a2+b2=12+3=15，∴c=，∴右焦点F1（，0），由x=代入=1，可得y=±，∴|AB|=；（2）由（1）可得M（2，0），T（t，0），设P（x0，y0），∴|PT|2=（x0-t）2+y02，|MT|2=（2-t）2，又-=1，可得x0≥2，y02=-3，∴|PT|2=（x0-t）2+y02=（x0-t）2+-3=x02-2x0t+t2-3=（x0-）2+t2-3，当≤2即t≤时，可得y=（x0-）2+t2-3在x0≥2递增，即有|PT|的最小值为|MT|=|t-2|，则t的范围是（-∞，]；（3）设C（s，t），A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），可得s2-4t2=12，s＞0，由y=x-2代入双曲线的方程x2-4y2=12，可得x2-16x+84=0，即有x1+x2=16，y1+y2=（x1+x2）-4=16-4=12，由，可得ms=x1+x2，mt=y1+y2，可得ms=16，mt=12，解答s=，t=，即有-4•=12，解得m=4（-4舍去），s=4，t=3．即有m=4，C（4，3）．【解析】（1）求得双曲线的a，b，c，可令x=c，求得A，B的坐标，即可得到所求长；（2）求出M的坐标，设P（x0，y0），由两点的距离公式和双曲线方程，结合二次函数的最值求法，即可得到所求t的范围；（3）设出C（s，t），A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），联立直线方程和双曲线方程，运用韦达定理，以及向量的坐标表示，求得s，t关于m的关系式，代入双曲线的方程，解得m，s，t，即可得到所求．本题考查双曲线的方程和性质，考查联立直线方程和双曲线方程，运用韦达定理和向量的坐标表示，考查二次函数的最值求法，以及化简整理的运算能力，属于综合题．2017-2018学年上海市奉贤区高二（下）期末数学试卷副标题一、选择题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）40.若a＜b＜0，则下列结论中不恒成立的是（）A. B. C. D.41.给定空间中的直线l及平面α，条件“直线l上有两个不同的点到平面α的距离相等”是“直线l与平面α平行”的（）A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分又非必要条件42.已知曲线C的参数方程为（θ∈[0，π]），且点P（x，y）在曲线C上，则的取值范围是（）A. B. C. D.43.已知椭圆E：，对于任意实数k，下列直线被椭圆E所截弦长与l：y=kx+1被椭圆E所截得的弦长不可能相等的是（）A. B. C. D.二、填空题（本大题共12小题，共60.0分）44.已知集合A={x||x|≤1}，B={y|y≤a}，且A∩B=∅，则实数a的取值范围是______．45.若圆柱的侧面展开图是一个正方形，则它的母线长和底面半径的比值是______．46.抛物线x2=y上一点M到焦点的距离为1，则点M的横坐标为______．47.若P=C，则x=______．48.已知变量x，y满足约束条件，则目标函数z=x+y的最小值为______．49.已知方程x2-px+1=0（p∈R）的两根为x1、x2，若|x1-x2|=1，则实数p的值为______．50.若一个直六棱柱的三视图如图所示，则这个直六棱柱的体积为______．。

上海市静安区上海第一师范附属小学小学六年级小升初期末语文试题(含答案)

上海市静安区上海第一师范附属小学小学六年级小升初期末语文试题(含答案)

上海市静安区上海第一师范附属小学小学六年级小升初期末语文试题（含答案）读拼音，把汉字写在括号内。

（1）我蹲在母亲身边，看着盆里róu ( )的衣服和zhàn( )开的泡沫，心想：衣服一洗完我马上拉起她就走，决绝不允许她再dān ge( )。

（2）这时，从坚硬的bō li( )表盖里发出qīng cuì( )的声音，一会儿又传来xī shuài( )的歌唱，给沉寂的夜晚增添了一些乐趣。

下列词语中加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）A．纤．细（xiān）皎．洁（jiǎo）山脉．（mài）B．笼．罩（lǒnɡ）星宿．（sù）附和．（huó）C．参与．（yù）旋转．（zhuàn）载．歌载舞（zǎi）D．更．改（ɡènɡ）间．隔（jiān）畜．养（xù）下列词语书写完全正确的一项是（）A．摔跤神胜天衣无逢B．喉咙包伏精神抖擞C．侄子露馅膀大腰粗D．肢体勘忧仰面朝天对下面文段中所使用的修辞方法及作用理解有误的一项是（）①吴越古道，处处佳境。

②或古树参天，或落英缤纷，或瀑布飞挂，或石桥横卧。

③蓊蓊郁郁的古道那么长，长得看不到尽头；斑斑驳驳的古道是那么深，深得听不见外界的声音。

④既有大自然随处可见的鬼斧神工，又有人类千百年来的巧夺天工。

⑤一束极细的阳光从遥远的天际投射过来，抚摸着那历经悠悠岁月的古道刻痕，似乎也在驻足凝思。

⑥荒凉，有时呈现另类美丽；静默，或许倾诉别样情怀。

⑦我们仿佛在穿越古今，忽然一声清脆的鸟鸣，让我们收住思绪，又迈步前行。

A．选段第②句，运用“或……”的排比句式，表现力吴越古道佳景多而美的特点，增强了语势。

B．选段第⑤句，将“阳光”人格化，写出了吴越古道的厚重历史，极易引起观景者的千古幽思。

C．选段第⑥句，用对偶的形式，抒发了作者对吴越古道的“荒凉”与“静默”之美的独特感受。

D．选段第⑦句，作者以“穿越古今”来比喻千年古道中的无限幽思，鸟鸣声把作者的思绪拉回到现实中来。

2017届上海高三英语各区一模翻译汇编(20200223164021)

2017届高三英语一模翻译汇编One【宝山区】72. 顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。

（focus）73. 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛的冲动。

（no longer）74. 这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。

（，why,）75. 她的有关个人奋斗的演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪。

（，such,that,）72. Customers always focus on brand image when shopping.73. I can no longer resist the impulse to watch the basketball match.74. The reason why this book is popular is that it gives people hope and inspiration.75. She made such a honest speech about her personal strivings that we were nearly moved to tears.Two【崇明区】72. 你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金？(approve)73. 不可否认的是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患。

(deny)74. 那个专门研究家庭教育的教授将受邀给这些家长做讲座。

(expert)75. 垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来。

(Not only)72. Do you approve of setting up a fund for poor students? (1+1+1)73. There is no denying that Shanghai Disneyland Park is crowded with people every day. (1+2)be filled with, be full ofIt can’t be denied that…,74. The professor who is (an) expert in/on/at family education will be invited to give a lecture to these parents. (2+1+1)75. Not only does classifying/sorting rubbish help protect the environment, but also it helps recycle waste materials, so everyone should take action. (1+2+1+1)Three【虹口区】1、干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why）2、全市所有的公园都应对市民免费开放。

上海市静安区初三数学一模卷含标准答案

静安区2017学年第一学期期末学习质量调研九年级数学2018.1一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分） 1. 化简25()a a -⋅所得的结果是（ ）A. 7aB. 7a -C. 10aD. 10a -2. 下列方程中，有实数根的是（ ）A.110x -+= B. 11x x+=C. 4230x +=D.211x =-- 3. 如图，比例规是一种画图工具，它由长度相等的两脚AC 和BD 交叉构成，利用它可以把线段按一定的比例伸长或缩短．如果把比例规的两脚合上，使螺丝钉固定在刻度3的地方（即同时使3,3OA OC OB OD ==），然后张开两脚，使,A B 两个尖端分别在线段a 的两个端点上，当 1.8CD =cm 时，AB 的长是（ ）A. 7.2cmB. 5.4cmC. 3.6cmD. 0.6cm4. 下列判断错误的是（ ）A. 如果0k =或0a =r r ，那么0ka =r rB. 设m 为实数，则()m a b ma mb +=+r r r rC. 如果//a e r r ，那么a a e =r r rD. 在平行四边形ABCD 中，AD AB BD -=u u u r u u u r u u u r5. 在Rt ABC V 中，90C ∠=o ，如果1sin 3A =，那么sin B 的值是（ ）A.3B.C.4D. 36. 将抛物线2123y x x =--先向左平移1个单位，再向上平移4个单位后，与抛物线22y ax bx c =++重合，现有一直线323y x =+与抛物线22y ax bx c =++相交，当23y y ≤时，利用图像写出此时x 的取值范围是（ ） A. 1x ≤-B. 3x ≥C. 13x -≤≤D. 0x ≥二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分） 7. 已知13a c b d ==，那么a cb d++的值是____________． 8. 已知线段AB 长是2厘米，P 是线段AB 上的一点，且满足2AP AB BP =⋅，那么AP 长为____________厘米．9. 已知ABC V 、2，DEF V 的两边长分别是1，如果ABC V 与DEF V 相似，那么DEF V 的第三边长应该是____________．10. 如果一个反比例函数图像与正比例函数2y x =图像有一个公共点(1,)A a ，那么这个反比例函数的解析式是____________．11. 如果抛物线2y ax bx c =++（其中a 、b 、c 是常数，且0a ≠）在对称轴左侧的部分是上升的，那么a ____________0．（填“<”或“>”）12. 将抛物线2()y x m =+向右平移2个单位后，对称轴是y 轴，那么m 的值是____________． 13. 如图，斜坡AB 的坡度是1:4，如果从点B 测得离地面的铅垂高度BC 是6米，那么斜坡AB 的长度是____________米．14. 在等腰ABC V 中，已知5,8AB AC BC ===，点G 是重心，联结BG ，那么CBG ∠的余切值是____________．15. 如图，ABC V 中，点D 在边AC 上，,9,7ABD C AD DC ∠=∠==，那么AB =____________．16. 已知梯形ABCD ，//AD BC ，点E 和F 分别在两腰AB 和DC 上，且EF 是梯形的中位线，3,4AD BC ==．设AD a =u u u r r ，那么向量EF =u u u r ____________．（用向量a r表示）17. 如图，ABC V 中，,90,6AB AC A BC =∠==o，直线//MN BC ，且分别交边AB 、AC 于点M 、N ，已知直线MN 将ABC V 分为面积相等的两部分，如果将线段AM 绕着点A 旋转，使点M 落在边BC 上的点D 处，那么BD =____________．18. 如图，矩形纸片,4,3ABCD AD AB ==．如果点E 在边BC 上，将纸片沿AE 折叠，使点B 落在点F 处，联结FC ，当EFC V 是直角三角形时，那么BE 的长为____________．三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）19. （本题满分10分）计算：3cot 451tan 60sin 60cos302cos 601+-⨯+o o o o o．20. （本题满分10分）解方程组：25()2()30x y x y x y +=⎧⎨----=⎩①②．21. （本题满分10分，第1小题4分，第2小题6分）已知：二次函数图像的顶点坐标是(3,5)，且抛物线经过点(1,3)A ．（1）求此抛物线的表达式；（2）如果点A 关于该抛物线对称轴的对称点是B 点，且抛物线与y 轴的交点是C 点，求ABC V 的面积．22. （本题满分10分，第1小题5分，第2小题5分）如图，在一条河的北岸有两个目标M 、N ，现在位于它的对岸设定两个观测点A 、B ，已知//AB MN ，在A 点测得60MAB ∠=o ，在B 点测得45MBA ∠=o ，600AB =米．（1）求点M 到AB 的距离；（结果保留根号）（2）在B 点又测得53NBA ∠=o ，求MN 的长．（结果精确到1米）1.732,sin 530.8,cos530.6,tan 53 1.33,cot 530.75≈≈≈≈≈o o o o）23. （本题满分12分，其中第1小题6分，第2小题6分）已知：如图，梯形ABCD 中，//,,DC AB AD BD AD DB =⊥，点E 是腰AD 上一点，作45EBC ∠=o ，联结CE ，交DB 于点F ．（1）求证：ABE V ∽DBC V ；（2）如果56BC BD =，求BCE BDA S S V V 的值．24. （本题满分12分，第1小题4分，第2小题8分）在平面直角坐标系xOy 中（如图），已知抛物线253y ax bx =+-经过点(1,0)A -、(5,0)B ． （1）求此抛物线顶点C 的坐标；（2）联结AC 交y 轴于点D ，联结BD 、BC ，过点C 作CH BD ⊥，垂足为点H，抛物线对称轴交x 轴于点G ，联结HG ，求HG 的长．25. （本题满分14分，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题4分）已知：如图，四边形ABCD 中，090,,,BAD AD DC AB BC AC <∠≤==oo平分BAD ∠．（1）求证：四边形ABCD 是菱形；（2）如果点E 在对角线AC 上，联结BE 并延长，交边DC 于点G ，交线段AD 的延长线于 点F （点F 可与点D 重合），AFB ACB ∠=∠，设AB 长度是a （a 实常数，且0a >），,AC x AF y ==，求y 关于x 的函数解析式，并写出定义域；（3）在第（2）小题的条件下，当CGE V 是等腰三角形时，求AC 的长．（计算结果用含a 的代数式表示）参考答案一、选择题 1. B2. D3. B4. C5. A6. C二、填空题 7.138.19.10. 2y x=11. < 12. 213.14. 4 15. 1216. 76a r17. 318. 3或32三、解答题 19. 120. 121242,13x x y y ⎧==⎧⎪⎨⎨==⎪⎩⎩ 21. （1）21(3)52y x =--+； （2）5 22. （1）(900-m ； （2）95m23. （1）证明略； （2）2536 24. （1）(2,3)C -； （2）1325. （1）证明略； （2）22)x y a x a a=-≤<； （3。

2018届静安区英语高考一模

静安区2017学年第一学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2018.01考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 所有答题必须涂（选择题）或者写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在答题纸上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questions will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. Air conditioner B. Stove C. Suitcase D. Mobile phone2. A. A nurse B. A manager C.A flight attendant D. A secretary3. A. On the day of Black Friday, he has nothing to do.B. He will buy nothing during the coming shopping day.C. His salary will be increased before Black Friday.D. He prefers to save money rather than spend.4. A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 165. A. People should carefully study information they get from various experts.B. There’s no need to turn to experts for health suggestions.C. Ordinary people should be invited on TV to talk about healthy life.D. Experts help a lot in promoting healthy life style.6. A. The professor failed everyone at the term end.B. The professor criticized him for failing the exam.C. The professor thought highly of himD. The man failed the science course for the term7. A. Jenny has graduation ceremony.B. They go for a movie.C. They have family dinner.D. Nothing happens8. A. Medicine B. Math C. History D. Chinese9. A. It’s wonderful in all aspects.B. It’s good on the whole with one shortcoming.C. It’s totally disappointingD. It’s of average quality10.A. Buying the expensive cake is foolishB. The cake is worth the price.C. The taste of the cake is misleading.D. Eating the cake hurts people’s intelligence.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Children looking for future husband and wife for their parents.B. Children trying to earn wedding fund for their parents.C. Children making plans for their parents’ wedding dayD. Children taking part in their parent’s wedding ceremony.12. A. Wedding dress B. Wedding styleC. Food for weddingD. Honeymoon destination13. A. The difficulties modern marriage meets.B. The good relationship between British children and parents.C. The unconventional weddings in modern Britain.D. The new marriage concepts combined with traditions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. For how long the event will last.B. The site address to purchase the event ticket.C. The past achievements the lecture had madeD. The location where the lecture is to happen15. A. Stand out and hold a poster for the event.B. Cover other event ads with your event ad.C. Rent school channel to introduce the event.D. Use modern communication media to spread the event16. A. Tips on advertising campus events.B. Food work wonders to attract campus event attendees.C. The rise of modern social media on campusD. Challenges to prepare for a high-quality campus eventQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A. Academic and professional prospectsB. life conditions on campusC. Tuition and geographic advantages.D. Ranks among all the universities18. A. Strong program background.B. Low living expenses.C. Circle of contacts on campusD. Agreeable weather19. A. Because they can hire talents from UCLA.B. Because foreign talents can be employedC. Because their companies are near beachesD. Because their bosses are from UCLA20. A. Moving to live with his parents.B. Pursuing graduate study at UCLA.C. Accepting the offer from Chicago UniversityD. Keeping comparing the two UniversitiesII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most place. This fact, (21)_________(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called” landfill crisis” of the mid-1990s, means that recycling has not caught on , which runs (22)_________ some environmentalists’ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They’re also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)_________ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups(24) _________ (educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)_________ _________ _________ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)_________ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper , cardboard , glass and plastic. To business with garbage containers ‘polluted’ with more than 10 recyclables, warning (27)_________ (issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $ 39 million saving expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)_________(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)_________ could cut costs. Automation has streamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. Thenew deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents (30)_________ (show ) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money ,landfill space and the environment.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) ____31_____ house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ___32____ in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful business dealings have been _____33___by people’s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even ___34____ that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.In the late 16the and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and _____35____ severe lack of food. Referred to as the “ Little Ice Age”, the period was the time when thousands of people ____36_____ for survival. At that time, Shakespeare was under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ____37_____.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Mechant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self-hatred, who is eventually ____38____ for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the _____39____ pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s ____40____ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of gram which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing’ to create an emotional association to a(n) ____41____ product or brand.By relating to people in a far more ___42____ way through everyone’s own senses, sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider ____43__ product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to resort to the consumer’s life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people, the consumers, will act according to their emotional urge more than to their ____44___ reasoning. By this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product, rather than a plain but cheap ____45____.In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues-----companies just “talked at” consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing ____46_____. Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations, with products finding their won voices and consumers responding _____47____ to them.Based on the implied messages received through five sense, consumers, without noticing the trend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopeful for the brands, persistent ____48____. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to fostering customers rather than instant trend or profits. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster customers rather than instant trend or profits. Most brands are considered to have either “sincere” or “exciting” personalities.“ Sincere” brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and relative while “exciting” brands like Apple, and Ferrari are imaginative and __49______. In general, the consumers tend to form ____50___relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones, this explains the relatively enduring history of the “Sincere Brands”.Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the ____51____cells in a person’s body, sight is considered the most important of all human senses. Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable “ sight experience” of the product for consumers which extends to packaging, store interiors, and printed advertising to form a (n) ___52____ image for the brand.In other words, no aspects of a product design is left to ____53__anymore, especially color. Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand----- does the color ______54___ the product at all? If not, customers, though not realizing it themselves, will ____55____ the brands in all possible ways-sales, reputations, etc. Therefore, brands, isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?41. A. specific B. qualified C. average D. adequate42. A. economic B. personal C. artificial D. mechanic43. A. obvious B. potential C. accessible D. concrete44. A. imaginable B. objective C. psychological D. gradual45. A. alternative B. reward C. sample D. exhibit46. A. compliment B. fund C. prospect D. feedback47. A. temporarily B. subconsciously C. occasionally D. attentively48. A. loyalty B. philosophy C. endurance D. regulation49. A. mild B. daring C. steady D. classic50. A. far-fetched B. hard-won C. long-lasting D. easy-going51. A. individual B. sensory C. present D. general52. A. overall B. ambitious C. dramatic D. additional53. A. chance B. maintenance C. progress D. leadership54. A. accept B. overlook C. fit D. treat55. A. shape B. punish C. signify D. exploitSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Overcoming extreme cold, cruel ice and people dismissing him as mad, Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow, stones and ice, 38-year-old Kamicar emerged in his base camp after five hours of skiing. “I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness,” he said.At one stage he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses (裂缝) that dot the mountain.The descent (下落) had been by many as insanely dangerous. The Darwin Awards website, which documents deaths which are foolhardy, urged people to log on to Internet broadcasts of the attempt. “Keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award, “it said.However, the only body to make the news was the corpse(尸体) of an known mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended, one of an estimated 120 corpses, thought to litter the slopes.“This mountain is always full of surprise. Seeing a dead man out there was a really shocking experience,” he said.Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached to his safety helmet, hundreds of thousands of people witnessed his descent on the Internet, which was one of the record highs ever. During the run more than 650,000 hits were registered on his expedition website jamming it for a time as others tried to access the site.Weather conditions were so severe that Kamicar had to abandon plans to rest on the summit before attempting to descend. Instead, suffering from fatigue, as soon as he reached the top he put on his skis and flung himself back down the mountain.Dealing with the mountain had already cost Kamicar two fingers when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak.Kamicar comes from a skiing family and took part in his first Himalayan skiing expedition in 1989. Since then, he has been tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions, with Everest as the permanent goal.56. Davo Kamicar made history by ___________.A. skiing down Mount Everest without rest.B. descending Mount Everest within the shortest time everC. attracting largest number of audience online for his descent.D. becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest57. The underlined word foolhardy in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.A. sudden and hard to acceptB. taking unnecessary risksC. attracting public attentionD. working hard to fool others58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE/A. Kamicar saw about 120 dead bodies littering the slope.B. The broadcast of his descent online was cancelled because of the website jam.C. Kamicar’s family had a tradition to conquer Mount Everest.D. This was not Kamicar’s first attempt on Mount Everest.59. The best title for the passage is ________.A. Mad man skis down EverestB. Darwin Award for Davo KamicarC. Extreme sports hero slides to a recordD. Body of mountaineer found on Everest( B )Here are the top summer vacation lodges in the nation!Out of Lake Wobegon; Fair Hills ResortWith sandcastle contests, Swedish buffet night, and family bingo, this classic northern Minnesota lodge is right out of Garrison Keillor’s Lake Wobegon. Families can choose from a collection of activities suitable for both adults and kids----volleyball, tennis, sailing, swimming-laze by the lake, or rehearse for their star turn at the weekly talent show. The family –run resort is proud of its myriad “lifers”, guests who’ve been vacationing here since they were kids. This year, ten of them will celebrate their 50th yearly visit.Northern California, Unplugged; Gray Eagle LodgeOnce they find Gray Eagle Lodge off a two-lane road, most guests have no use for their cars. Dayshere are spent on foot, hiking to alpine lakes in the Sierras or going for a dip in the swimming hole fed by a 15-foot waterfall. “ There are no officially planned activities,” explains Tracy Morris, who has taken her children here for year,” unless you count the get-togethers specifically arranged for kids who have never met before but have become fast friends and enjoy fun together.”Authentic Adirondacks; The HedgesFor recent years improvements have been made—including upgrading the plumbing to accommodate more guest, answering to the main complaints in the past about its poor capacity. The current owners have restored the camp to its original Adirondack-style glory. Though tasteless to the younger age groups, the style earned the lodge a spot on the National Register of Historic Places Great Lake Lodge; The Inn at WatervaleBuilt as a boarding school in 1892, this lodge became a summer retreat in 1971. Today, the owner of the lodge proudly promotes the resort’s lack of TV, Wi-Fi, and decent cell phone coverage, which makes it perfect for recluses(隐士). Instead of sticking with their smartphones, parents and children both find their relationship greatly improved through hiking the 300-foot-high Old Baldy dune, combing the beach for fossils, and savoring the sunsets over the lake together.60. Which lodge is not very attractive for kids?A. Fair Hills ResortB. Gray Eagle LodgeC. The HedgesD. The Inn at Watervale61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Fair Hills Resort specializes in serving young vacationers with varieties of activities.B. The Hedge used to be criticized for failing to serve large number of customers.C. Lake of modern communication tools at The Inn at Watervale was due to poor facility conditionsD. Cars are banned from Gray Eagle Lodge62. The passage will most probably appear _______.A. on a wedding magazine about finding a permanent residence.B. in a UN’s report about family relationshipC. on a financial magazine analyzing the prospects of tourist industryD. on a website selling package tours(C)It’s not an urban legend: crime rates do in fact in the summer in the U.S. A study found that, with the exception of robbery and auto theft, rates of all violent and property crimes are higher during the summer than during other months. The study examined data collected during 8 years, which included violent and property crimes that did not result in death, both reported and not reported to the police.The data show that, though the national crime rate dropped by 70 percent during recent years, seasonal spikes in summer remain. In some cases those spikes are 12 percent higher than rates during seasons in which the lows occur. The phenomenon confuses many criminologists, and they wonder why.Some reason that increased temperatures, which drive many out of doors and leave windows open in their homes, raise the amount of time when homes are left empty. Others point to the effect of students on summer vacation who are otherwise occupied with schooling during other season, while some argue that suffering heat-induced discomfort simply makes people more aggressive and likely to act out.Although these elements possess certain persuasive power, their rationality is called into question when cases in winter are put on the map. Why aren’t the rates in winter falling if heat related factors are to blame for the summer spike? Contrarily, the matter should be viewed from social and economic angles rather than on solar terms.Numerous studies have shown that rates of criminal behavior among young adults drop when their communities provide them with other ways to spend their time and earn money. This was found to be true in Los Angeles, where gang activity was reduced when community centers for teens were thriving and active. And generally speaking, the connection between economic inequality and crime is robustly documented for the U.S. And why summer sees a worse situation? It’s probably because it’s even harder for youngster to land jobs that provide for life necessities.So if officials want to address the summer spike in crime, they may act differently instead of aiming straight at crimes. Simply upgrading security and severely punishing offences almost produce void effects. Instead, be open to various options and they will find that development of job hunting agencies or community professional training centers are accompanying the drop of crime rate without seasonal exceptions .After all, bread always comes first for everyone.63. What puzzles scholars studying crimes?A. The rates of robbery and auto theft are lower than other violent and property crimes in summer.B. The rates of crimes resulting in death are about the same in all seasons.C. The crime rates not reported to the police are much higher during summer.D. Crime rates in summer are higher than those of other seasons.64. According to the author, what is the key reason for the seasonal spike of crime rates?A. Increased temperature left houses easier for attacks.B. The hot environment makes people more likely to be angered.C. Youngsters find it hard to release energies at school.D. People’s economic needs are not satisfied by the society.65. What can be done to fight seasonal rise of crimes?A. Lengthen the school time to hold students in school during summer.B. Enhance the safety mechanism during the summer.C. Take measure to encourage youth employment.D. Frighten would-be criminals through harsh punishments.66. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Solar terms are responsible for the summer crime spike.B. Crime rates in summer fall by 58 percent in the U.SC. LA criminal activities fall because of positive community programs.D. The crimes rates in winter are low due to low mobility in the season.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In the radio drams “ Nau em Taim ” aired in Papua New Guinea, a windowed father takes up dynamite(炸药) fishing ---profitable but disastrous for the reef. Then he meets a dashing marine scientist who warns him off. The idea is that by the end of the drama, both he ---and the listeners---will give up dynamite for sustainable fishing.The show’s producer, the Population Media Center(PMC) in Vermont, has been a pioneer of programmes with the goal of fostering development._____67____ In Vietnam Khat V ong Song uses radio drama to teach its listeners about domestic violence. In Kenya Mediae promote civil rights with a television soap called “ Makutano Junction”.Evidence that radio and television soaps can change behavior was first spotted in the 1970s. ______68____ About twenty years later, economists at the Inter-American Development Bank, found that Brazilians receiving Globo, a television network promoting modern family concept, had fewer children. Another follow—up study discovered that, as cable television spread, the birth rate in certain rural area dropped.Some argue that the influence was because couch potatoes were less likely to make babies. But research in Ethiopia showed that dramas can have a direct effect. Inquiries about ways to reduce birth rates rose by 157% among married women who listened to the soap operas “Yeken Kignet” and “Dhimbibba”. ___69______ Male listeners sought tests for HIV/AIDS four times as much as male non-listeners.“ The results are the best when people identify with characters,” says Betty Oala of the PMC. This is why the organization does extensive research, takes on local writers and uses native languages.Not only are soaps effective, but they are also cheap. Radio programmes can coast as little as three cents to reach a listener in Africa. _____70_________. Although producers do not hide their purposes many scholar think that there could be a fight over morals and the armful results of soap dramas. A drop in birth rates may seem like good news to a woman activist, but had to a religious worker.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 language including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字) , many commented that the deal sang song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to Trip Advisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually grow uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.第II 卷（共40 分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 遵循自然规律，你最终会得到回报。

2017年初三二模语文汇编(说明文)

2017年初三二模汇编—说明文2017年初三二模徐汇区（一）阅读下文，完成第15-19题（19分）青花瓷之美李青舫①中国青花瓷除了众所周知的流光溢彩的外观造型美之外，还有二美可以一说。

②其一是兼收并蓄的绘画意境美。

青花瓷画继承沿袭了中国传统水墨画的表现技法，但又不拘泥于它的绘画程式，相反地善于灵活自如地运用多种笔法，形成刚柔并济、动静相宜、疏密相间的艺术效果，因而能在瓷器的器形上，表现出完全不同于宣纸上的那种色调明快、蓝白相映的鲜明风格，给人以强烈的视觉冲击力和审美感受。

③从形式上看，青花瓷画突破宣纸等介质的束缚，在光滑有弧度的瓷胎上作画虽然增加了难度，但也赋予青花瓷器独特的艺术mèi（）力，表现出灵动率真的审美内涵。

青花瓷器上的水墨画画法精细，墨色层次鲜明、立体感强，达到“墨分五色”的高超境界，给人以疏朗清新、幽静雅致的艺术美感，令人倾心迷恋。

④就内容而已，青花瓷画丰富并提升了中国水墨画反映生活的广度，洋溢着浓郁的生活气息，如传世民窑中最常见的青花“双喜纹罐”，图案简练活泼、风格清丽洒脱，那粗犷的“双喜”大字与茂密的缠枝花纹有其的融汇于一体，不仅给民间的婚嫁喜事增添了喜庆吉祥的色彩，也反映了普通百姓对幸福生活的无限憧憬和质朴淳厚的审美情趣。

⑤青花瓷画还拓展了中国水墨画在揭示民族特性上的深度，表现出具有民族文化色彩的审美内涵，呈现出不同的意境，龙是中华民族的图腾。

但是“龙”的形象在中国水墨画中较为少见，而与之形成鲜明反差的是，“龙”的矫健身姿与丰满形象却在青花瓷画中屡见不鲜。

其中既有纹饰繁缛、工艺豪华精美，刻画出一种神秘庄严狞厉美的官窑青花龙纹瓷器；也有线条简朴、手法夸张奔放，刻画出一种随和亲切平易美的民窑青花龙纹瓷器。

⑥青花瓷画注重①，突出②，挖掘③，因此青花瓷千百年来长盛不衰，具有独特审美价值。

⑦其二为秀外慧中的人文精神美，和我国传统诗词、书画等许多艺术一样，青花瓷器具有鲜明的民族特色和深厚的文化底蕴，历代能工巧匠将渊远流长的中华民族性格和民族感情，自觉的融入青花瓷器的外观造型与图案绘画中，寄寓了中华民族最传统的审美观念与审美情怀，因此青花瓷器除了实用、欣赏之功能外，还浸透了中国人的精、气、神以及淳厚的人文理想。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

静安区2017届高三第一学期教学质量检测语文试卷一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）漫谈读书梁实秋①我们现代人读书真是幸福。

古者，“著于竹帛谓之书”，竹就是竹简，帛就是缣素。

书是稀罕而珍贵的东西。

一个人若能垂于竹帛，便可以不朽。

孔子晚年读《易》，韦编三绝，用韧皮贯联竹简，翻来翻去以至于韧皮都断了，那时候读书多么吃力！后来有了纸，有了毛笔，书的制作比较方便，但在印刷之术未行以前，书的流传完全是靠抄写。

我们看看唐人写经，以及许多古书的钞本，可以知道一本书得来非易。

自从有了印刷术，刻版、活字、石印、影印，乃至于显微胶片，读书的方便无以复加。

②物以稀为贵。

但是书究竟不是普通的货物。

书是人类的智慧的结晶，经验的宝藏，所以尽管如今满坑满谷的都是书，书的价值不是用金钱可以衡量的。

__________，__________。

书的价值在于其内容的精到。

宋太宗每天读《太平御览》等书二卷，漏了一天则以后追补，他说：“开卷有益，朕不以为劳也。

”这是“开卷有益”一语之由来。

《太平御览》采集群书一千六百余种，分为五十五门，历代典籍尽萃于是，宋太宗日理万机之暇日览两卷，当然可以说是“开卷有益”。

如今我们的书太多了，纵不说粗制滥造，至少是种类繁多，接触的方面甚广。

我们读书要有抉择，否则不但无益而且浪费时间。

③那么读什么书呢？这就要看各人的兴趣和需要。

在学校里，如果能在教师里遇到一两位有学问的，那是最幸运的事，他能适当指点我们读书的门径。

离开学校就只有靠自己了。

读书，永远不恨其晚。

晚，比永远不读强。

有一个原则也许是值得考虑的：作为一个地道的中国人，有些部书是非读不可的。

这与行业无关。

理工科的、财经界的、文法门的，都需要读一些蔚成中国文化传统的书。

经书当然是其中重要的一部分，史书也一样的重要。

盲目地读经不可以提倡，意义模糊的所谓“国学”亦不能餍现代人之望。

一系列的古书是我们应该以现代眼光去了解的。

④黄山谷说：“人不读书，则尘俗生其间，照镜则面目可憎，对人则语言无味。

”细味其言，觉得似有道理。

事实上，我们所看到的人，确实是面目可憎语言无味的居多。

我曾思索，其中因果关系安在？何以不读书便面目可憎语言无味？我想也许是因为读书等于是尚友古人，而且那些古人著书立说必定是一时才俊，与古人游不知不觉受其熏染，终乃收改变气质之功，境界既高，胸襟既广，脸上自然透露出一股清醇爽朗之气，无以名之，名之曰书卷气．．．。

同时在谈吐上也自然高远不俗。

反过来说，人不读书，则所为何事，大概是陷身于世网尘劳，困厄于名缰利锁，五烧六蔽，苦恼烦心，自然面目可憎，焉能语言有味？⑤当然，改变气质不一定要靠读书。

例如，艺术家就另有一种修为。

“伯牙学琴于成连先生，三年不成。

成连言吾师方子春今在东海中，能移人情。

乃与伯牙偕往，到蓬莱山，留伯牙宿，曰：‘子居习之，吾将迎师。

’刺船而去，旬时不返。

伯牙延望无人，但闻海水澒洞崩坼之声，山林窅冥，群鸟悲号，怆然叹曰：‘先生将移我情。

’乃援琴而歌，曲成，成连刺船迎之而返。

伯牙之琴，遂妙天下。

”这一段记载，写音乐家之被自然改变气质，虽然神秘，不是不可理解的。

禅宗教外别传，根本不立文字，靠了顿悟即能明心见性。

这究竟是生有异禀的人之超绝的成就。

以我们一般人而言，最简便的修养方法还是读书。

⑥书，本身就有情趣，可爱，大大小小形形色色的书，立在架上，放在案头，摆在枕边，无往而不宜。

好的版本尤其可喜。

我对线装书有一分偏爱。

吴稚晖先生曾主张把线装书一律丢在茅厕坑里，这偏激之言令人听了不大舒服。

如果一定要丢在茅厕坑里，我丢洋装书，舍不得丢线装书。

可惜现在线装书很少见了，就像穿长袍的人一样的稀罕。

几十年前我搜求杜诗版本，看到古逸丛书影印宋版蔡孟弼《草堂诗笺》，真是爱玩不忍释手，想见原本之版面大，刻字精，其纸张墨色亦均属上选。

在校勘上笺注上此书不见得有多少价值，可是这部书本身确是无上的艺术品。

1.第①段说“（在古代），书是稀罕而珍贵的东西”，其理由是：。

（2分）2.填入第②段空格处恰当的一项是（）。

（3分）A. 畅销未必内容好，价廉未必货色差。

B. 内容好的不一定畅销，货色差的不一定价廉。

C. 价廉未必货色差，畅销未必内容好。

D. 货色差的不一定价廉，内容好的不一定畅销。

3.第④段加点词“书卷气”的含义是：（2分）4.第⑤段中，为什么要写有关“移情”、“顿悟”的内容？（）。

（4分）5.下列推断与文章一致的一项是（）（2分）A.孔子读《易》，韦编三绝，确实下了一番苦功。

B.所谓“开卷有益”，就是只要读书，就一定会有收获。

C.不读书的人，一定是“面目可憎”“语言无味”。

D.作者对“线装书”的偏爱，正是热爱传统文化的表现。

6.关于读书,本文的主要观点有哪些？（4分）（二）阅读下文，完成第7-11题。

（17分）请接受残酷迟子建①一个儿童站在漆黑的楼道里敲一扇铁灰色的门，他没有听到回答声；一个年轻女子伫立在百货商场柜前为丈夫购买丧服的衣料；一个探险者倒在茫茫无际的丛林中，弥留之际他发现鹰和乌鸦在头顶鸣叫盘桓不休；一个终日坐在河边洗衣的女人突然有一天发现河对岸那棵美丽的椴树让人砍了，而那椴树正是她曾与弃她而去却缅怀不已的恋人约会过，从此她不再来河边洗衣。

这些景象的出现，标志着残酷的诞生。

残酷走来的时候总是步履从容，不动声色。

残酷可以出现在战场、医院，也可以出现在阳光明媚的网球场绿草簇拥着的花坛。

生活让人学会残酷，而艺术必须让人接受残酷。

②一幅画的失败，一首交响乐的流产，一篇小说的流于平庸，并不意味着残酷。

艺术的残酷是一种精神自虐的残酷。

当你站在诺贝尔文学奖的领奖台上对全世界的人发表演说时，心里却突然涌起一股莫名的空虚、恐怖、甚至厌倦，残酷在这个时候威风凛凛地走向艺术。

③那些伟大的艺术家在残酷微笑着向他们走来时总是采取积极态度。

海明威和三岛由纪夫，一个在西方用枪口对准自己的头颅，一个在东方用刀剖开自己的腹部。

他们冷静地接受了艺术的残酷。

尽管有许多饶舌的社会学家对他们的自杀做出了种种看似理由很充分的分析，但那只是社会学家的误解而已。

能使艺术家结束生命的，只能是艺术。

而我们总是在接受别人残酷上领略辉煌，这实在是一种惊心动魄的悲哀。

④生活中出现残酷时尚有补救之机，而残酷走向艺术时只能面对死亡，你别无选择。

没有任何伟大的艺术家会不断创造高峰，人在艺术的探索中越是执着、激动而勇往直前，同时又越是疲惫、绝望。

艺术是狡猾的，当你迢迢奔向它时它能神采飞扬地向你招手，而当你切近它时却又将真实的面孔转向别处。

所以总在路上行走的奔向艺术的人（不是艺术家）是幸福的。

因为他们尚且能在生活中占一席之地。

而真正走到艺术临界点的艺术家是不幸的，因为他们接受了双重残酷：生活的和艺术的。

⑤卢浮宫的藏画，巴黎图书馆的藏书，莫扎特、肖邦、柴可夫斯基、拉威尔留给我们的音乐，无一不是残酷的表现。

我们在领略伟大和辉煌的同时，必须明白我们首先应该接受残酷。

凡•高的金黄色的像太阳一样燃烧着的向日葵是残酷的，因为它曾使凡•高的心灵备受摧残而又令后来者手持画笔望洋兴叹。

《老人与海》《神曲》《喧哗与骚动》《人间喜剧》是残酷的，因为后来的作家在涉及同类题材时没有达到它的精神境界。

《红楼梦》也是残酷的，它站在中国古典小说塔尖的位置上使其他作品黯然失色。

而中国的艺术，能让人领略到残酷的却是太少太少了。

徐悲鸿画马与齐白石画虾，可谓达到了炉火纯青的境界，我不明白为什么之后还有一些国画家孜孜不倦地画马和虾，真是不可思议。

⑥美国盲人女作家海伦•凯勒的《假如让我看见三天》，在命题上是残酷的，因为她永远看不到她要看到的三天，只是她文章中的三天太罗曼蒂克，她没有让我们看到残酷的三天，因而这三天不是永恒，它时隐时现。

⑦我非常喜欢福克纳的《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》的结尾：那男人躺在床上。

我们在那里立了好久，仰视着那没有肉的脸上令人莫测的龇牙咧嘴的样子。

那尸体躺在那里，显出一度是拥抱的姿势，但那比爱情更能持久，那战胜了爱情的熬煎的永恒的长眠已经使他驯服了。

他所遗留下来的肉体已在破烂的睡衣下腐烂，跟他躺着的木床粘在一起，难分难解了。

在他身上和他身旁的枕上，均匀地覆盖着一层常年积累下来的灰尘。

后来我们才注意到旁边那只枕头上有人头压过的痕迹。

我们当中有一个人从那上面拿起了什么东西，大家凑近一看——这时一股淡淡的干燥发臭的气味钻进了鼻孔——原来是一绺长长的铁灰色头发。

⑧这是最精彩的结尾，因为它是残酷的，是岁月，爱情的残酷，同时更是艺术的残酷，让我们接受它。

7.第①段是怎样解说“残酷”的？这样写有何表达效果？。

（4分）8.赏析第④段画线句。

（2分）9.用福克纳的作品结尾有何用意？（3分）10.分析本文引用名家名作的作用。

（3分）11.以第②、③段为例，评析本文语言运用上的特点。

（5分）（三）默写。

（7分）12.（1）于是废先王之道，____，以愚黔首。

（贾谊《过秦论》）。

（2）__________，任重而道远。

（《论语.泰伯》）（3）东隅已逝，__________。

（王勃《滕王阁序》）（4）古代游子常以“月”来寄托对故乡的思念。

李白的“举头望明月，低头思故乡”，杜甫的“__________，__________”就是明证。

（5）两位遭遇不幸、经历相似而又初次相逢的人，未免感慨万千。

可以借用白居易《琵琶行》中的诗句来表达此时心迹的是：“__________，__________”。

（6）赞颂老师或教师自己表示对事业忠诚，多会用李商隐《无题》中的两句：“__________，__________”。

（7）“至今商女，时时犹唱，后庭遗曲”是化用了杜牧《泊秦淮》中的“__________，__________”的诗句。

(四）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第13—15题。

（8分）将赴荆南寄别李剑州①杜甫使君高义驱今古，寥落三年坐剑州。

但见文翁②能化俗，焉知李广③未封侯？路经滟滪④双蓬鬓，天入沧浪一钓舟。

戎马相逢更何日？春风回首仲宣楼。

注: ①李剑州，时任剑州刺史，有才能而未被重用。

②文翁，西汉蜀郡守，以政绩卓异闻。

③李广，西汉名将，战功卓著却未能封侯。

④滟滪，即滟滪滩，长江三峡著名险滩。

13.对本诗文句的解说，错误的一项是（）（2分）A.“使君”指李剑州，他在剑州做了三年刺史。

B.引用李广喻指李剑州未被重用。

C.“路经”两句交代作者将赴荆南所经之地。

D. 末句说作者到了荆南回望蜀中，怀念故人。

14.对本诗的分析不恰当的一项是（）。

（2分）A.前四句写李剑州的政绩与政治待遇。

B.后四句写自己意想中“将赴荆南”的情景。

C.“滟滪”、“一钓舟”、“沧浪”等词语，展示了一幅扁舟出峡图，表现了诗人不避风险的豪迈气概。

D.全诗由李剑州写到自己，再由自己的离别之情折回到李剑州，脉络贯通，起结转合自如。

15.就作者运用对比的手法，请结合具体诗句加以赏析。

相关文档
最新文档