三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题05 非谓语动词(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题05 非谓语动词 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized 4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class. A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare 5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. 6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,… 7.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. 9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke. 11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. 12.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,… 14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. 15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying 5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take 6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding 7.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. 8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. 10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge). 11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. 12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
三、2017年高考真题 1.【2017·天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated. A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 2.【2017·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______. A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught 3.【2017·江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing 4.【2017·北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved 5.【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students. A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 考点：考查非谓语动词。 You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still
三年(2017-2019)高考真题英语分项汇编：专题04动词和动词短语【汇编】
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编：专题04动词和动词短语三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题04 动词和动词短语一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。
resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't___________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。
set aside“存储，留出”；take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”；keep off“（使）避开”。
故选C。
二、2018年高考真题1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题22 短文改错(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题22 短文改错一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.2. 【2019·全国卷II】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题18 完形填空记叙文(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题18 完形填空记叙文一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehle rs’ face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michi gan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued46. A. home B. past C. back D. on47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling2. 【2019·全国卷III】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
专题06情态动词和虚拟语气-三年(2017-2019)高考真题英语分项汇编(解析版)
三年（ 2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题 06 神态动词和虚构语气一、 2019 年高考真题1.【 2019 ·江苏卷·单项填空】 31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】 C【分析】考察虚构语气。
句意：真遗憾！你错过了此次参观，不然，我们本应当在一同度过一段快乐光阴的。
依据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚构，与过去事实相反的假定。
其句子构造为：从句：If+ 主语 +过去完成时 +其余，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+此刻达成时+其余，应选C。
2.【 2019 ·天津卷·单项填空】 14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task inhalf the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】 D【分析】考察虚构语气。
句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，不然他们用一半的时间就能达成任务。
根据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚构。
与过去事实相反的假定。
其句子构造为：从句：If+ 主语 +过去达成时 +其余，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+此刻达成时+其余，故选 D。
二、 2018 年高考真题1.【 2018 ·江苏】 24. I t ’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner ’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】 B【分析】考察虚构语气。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷II，C】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bech tel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit，whose company provided the statistics for the report.28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30. What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.2. 【2019·全国卷III，B】For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finallyacknowledging that in many ways."24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends3. 【2019·天津卷，D】Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，theopportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End one's struggle for liberty.B. Waste one's energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pityC. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 6. 【2019·江苏卷，C】Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washingmachine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.A. a lack of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict of public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.A. take people's essential needs into accountB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.64. What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.二、2018年高考真题1.【2018·全国I，C】Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6,800B. About 3,400C. About 2,400D. About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.2.【2018·全国卷II，B】Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.3.【2018·全国卷II，C】Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remain s a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Child ren’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.4.【2018·全国卷I，B】Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11."We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some de licious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less5.【2018`全国卷II，D】We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on a n airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social prac tice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to yourhusband,＂says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence6.【2018·全国卷III，D】Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how dowe train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A. Saving up for her holidayB. Raising money for a poor girlC. Adding the money to her fundD. Giving the money to a sick mother34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try out an ideaB. To show a parent's loveC. To train his attentionD. To help him start a hobby35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take It or Leave ItB. A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with LessD. The Pleasure of Giving7.【2018·浙江卷，C】As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel,。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题14 阅读理解人物故事类(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题14 阅读理解人物故事类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，B】For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students’ public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students’ love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.2. 【2019·全国卷II，B】“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids ru nning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t evenon … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities am ong many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In t hat sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？A. She knows little about the club.B. She isn't good at sports.C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.D. She's unable to meet her schedule.25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean ?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. She’ll work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.4. 【2019·北京卷，B】Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. Herecommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?A. She argued with him.B. She tried to find a way out.C. She paid no attention.D. She chose to consult dentists.35. What is special about CanCandy?A. It is beneficial to dental health.B. It is free of sweeteners.C. It is sweeter than other candies.D. It is produced to a dentists' recipe.36. What does Moore expect from her business?A. To earn more money.B. To help others find smiles.C. To make herself stand out.D. To beat other candy companies.37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.C. Positive thinking and action result in success.D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied5. 【2019·天津卷，B】I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.B. She was anxious to know what had happened.C. She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.D. She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.42. According to Paragraph 3，the author's reading of road signs indicates___________A. her unique way to locate herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD. her growing desire to know the world around her.43. What was the author's view on factual reading？A. It would help her update test-taking skills.B. It would allow much room for free thinking.C. It would provide true and objective information.D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.A. explore a fantasy landB. develop a passion for leaningC. learn about the adult communityD. get away from a confusing world45. What could be the best title for the passage？A. The Magic of ReadingB. The Pleasure of ReadingC. Growing Up with ReadingD. Reading Makes a Full Man6. 【2019·江苏卷，D】The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory.A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.“Why do this?” Steve wondered.“Because she cares.” Me lissa said.Steve nodded, tears in eye.Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano andsat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then sh e’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi pl aying Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to b e shared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path hislife was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.65. Why did Melissa want to save her fath er’s music?A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.B. She wanted to please her dying old father.C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.D. She wanted to make her father a professional.66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.A. refused to make a comment on itB. was deeply impressed by his musicC. decided to free Steve from sufferingD. regretted offering help to her friend67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?A. It was slow but productive.B. It was beneficial to his health.C. It was tiresome for Naomi.D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhaustedB. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought aboutC. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s musicD. brought her husband’s music career to perfection69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？A. He felt concerned about his illness.B. He sensed a responsibility for music.C. He regained his faith in music.D. He got into a state of quiet.70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. The Kindness of FriendsB. The Power of MusicC. The Making of a MusicianD. The Value of Determination7. 【2019·浙江卷，A】Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasu re." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline sa ys, "and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabam a. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？A. In the army.B. In an antique shop.C. From his mother.D. From Adeline Rockko.22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？A. She was very impolite.B. She was serious about the medal.C. She suspected his honesty.D. She came from a wealthy family.23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A. Her parents’ advice.B. Her knowledge of antiques.C. Her childhood dream.D. Her memory of her brother.8. 【2019·浙江卷，B】Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of Th e Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?A. Women tended to be more sociable.B. The activity attracted various people.C. Economic problems were getting worse.D. Young couples needed financial assistance.26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?A. To do a test on people’s morals.B. To raise money for his company.C. To earn himself a good reputation.D. To promote kindness and sympathy.二、2018年高考真题1. 【2018·全国卷III，C】While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of t raditions.Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said."Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said."Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international recognitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.30. What made Wang’s architectural desi gn a success?A. The mixture of different shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.2. 【2018·北京卷，A】My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myselfa ＂marathon winner＂.36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the author’s first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.3. 【2018·天津卷，B】When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. ""Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it’s our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! ""There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题13 阅读理解广告、新闻类(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题13 阅读理解广告类、新闻类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，A】Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.2. 【2019·全国卷II，A】My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changin g her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After Dark.D. The Stand.23. What kind of book is G one Girl?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.3. 【2019·全国卷III，A】OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.) On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42ndSt.212-719-1300.)21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.A. A type of art.B. A teenager's studio.C. A great teacher.D. A group of animals.22. Who is the director of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. O n the Twentieth Century.4. 【2019·北京卷，A】Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:www Email:humanresources@31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partnersB. To take in young volunteersC. To carry out programmesD. To foster cultural awareness32. The programme beginning in August will operate in__________.A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. South Afria33. T he shared goal of GDA’s projects to __________.A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in need5. 【2019·天津卷，A】History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton fiddle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting，engaging，and fun！This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：·Performance·Documentary（纪实作品）·Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period.Documentary: A visual presentation（such as a video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday，March 23.Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words. No illustrations（图解）are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script（剧本），or documentary highlights.February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7：00A. M-9：00A. M Participants signing in at the gym10：00A. M. -6：00PM. Competition and judges' review7：00P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic36. According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history？A. To preserve national traditions.B. To prepare for a history competition.C. To better know the present and future.D. To further explore historical mysteries.37. What is the theme of this year's competition？A. Technology advances science.B. Science interacts with technology.C. Science has made the study of history easy.D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.38. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are__________.A. special clothes and a screen B. a desktop computer and a CD C. a projector and special clothes D. a desktop computer and loudspeakers 39. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?A. Include more information in the essay.B. Remove the references.C. Provide a cover for the essay.D. Explain the details with illustrations.40. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?A. Preview performances and documentaries.B. Make comments on the materials.C. Improve the participant's first draft.D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.6. 【2019·江苏卷，A 】Whatever your age or interests, Buxton hassomething to see or do to make your visit trulymemorable.High energyIf you desire physical activities, you can choose activitiesfrom swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with GoApe, the high wire forest adventure course, or journeybeneath the earth at Poole's Cavern. And don't forget: we aresurrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you' ll find much to suit all tastes withart, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre andGreen Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to becomeinvolved, including workshops and events.Keeping the kids happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in thePavilion Gardens and there’s plenty more to explore atthe Buxton Museum. There's a new indoor playcentre, plus the special events and workshops, andothers during school holiday periods56. If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?A. Pole's Caven.B. Pavilion Gardens.C. Buxton Museum.D. Green Man Gallery.57. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.A. rides in small trainsB. courses in modern artsC. artistic and cultural activitiesD. basic courses in horse riding二、2018年高考真题1. 【2018·全国卷I，A】Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore themonuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.2. 【2018·全国卷II，A】Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Formswill be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT.B. WBP.C. CRF.D. POT.22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.3. 【2018·全国卷III，A】Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm, 30th March-2nd November.Admission ChargesHall & Gardens GardensAdults: £12.00 £8.00Groups: £9.00 £5.50Special EventsProducers’ Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of themost popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Gardens?A.£l2.00.B. £9.00.C. £8.00.D. £5.50.23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A. Producers’ Market.B. Holker Garden Festival.C. National Garden Day.D. Winter Market.4. 【2018·天津卷，A】Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: ·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:●If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the r ed light is not blinking(闪动), contact residence hall staff immediately.●Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.●If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A. To provide part-time jobs for students.B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull station s.38. In a fire drill, the students should ___________.A. rush quickly to a liftB. gather at the nearest exitC. shut the door and leave at onceD. wait for instructions in the hall39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.A. contact the hall staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start the smoke detector in a fireD. make certain the red light is working5. 【2018·江苏卷，A】The Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211-535-7710 EntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a week.Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May. Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts,gallery talks, and family/children's programs are free with admission.Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours: Open 7 days a week.March-October 10:00-17:15November-February 10:00-16:45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A. $12.B. $37.C. $ 50.D. $ 6257. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.A. it opens all the year roundB. its collections date from the Middle AgesC. it has a modern European-style gardenD. it sells excellent European glass collections6. 【2018·北京卷，B】Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac. com.40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of flightD. build and fire model rockets42. What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.三、2017年高考真题1. 【2017·全国卷I，A】Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StoreDon’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.◆Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until onehour Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.◆S upport Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the Laser Dome.D. At the Denny Way entrance.22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A. Train science teachers.B. Distribute science books.C. Inspire scientific research.D. Take science to the classroom.23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.2. 【2017·全国卷II，A】In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Beijing | ChineseThis great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲwill be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi | GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导) by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May,7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv | HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm21. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?A. Richard Ⅲ.B. Love’s Labour’s Lost.C. As You Like It.D. The Merchant of Venice.22. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?A. It has two groups of actors.B. It is the leading theatre in London.C. It performs plays in BSL.D. It is good at producing comedies.23. When can you see a play in Hebrew?。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题16 阅读理解说明类(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题16 阅读理解说明类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.2. 【2019·全国卷I，D】During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of po pularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those le ast liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life expe riences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 4. 【2019·全国卷II，D】Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies growuncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA ove rcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the stude nts any b reaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve go t to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear different forms.D. They damage the instruments.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.3. 【2019·全国卷III，C】Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplacein eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.D. Rich businessmen.31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.5. 【2019·全国卷III，D】Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values morethan half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it."This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingston e says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big n umber than the little one.”32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them.B. They named them.C. They trained them.D. They measured them.33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle.B. By touching a screen.C. By watching videos.D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Science.6. 【2019·北京卷，C】The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the time these “solutions"(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理) and automation technologies thatare about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. V oice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40. What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edited.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RoboeallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology7. 【2019·北京卷，D】By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，an d these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable44. What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changesC. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climateD. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.45. What is the main purpose of the passage？A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changesB. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chainC. To explain the effects of climate change on oceansD. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton8. 【2019·天津卷，C】How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical models of food webs，noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key，scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A. The living habits of species in food webs.B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？A. By getting illegal practices under control.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.9. 【2019·江苏卷，B】In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？A. Its complicated geographical features.B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C. The mysterious history of the park.D. The exact location of the volcano.59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？A. The shapes of volcanoes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. The activities of volcanoes.D. The heights of volcanoes.60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Bird's view.10. 【2019·浙江卷，C】California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.30. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California二、2018年高考真题1.【2018·全国卷I，D】We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.A s we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题16阅读理解说明类(原卷版).pdf
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题16 阅读理解说明类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patternsare unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whetherthey should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody usesa keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard shouldbe pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The teamhopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.2. 【2019·全国卷I，D】During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowedme to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, andmean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breakingrules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinicalpsychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, whenpularity that appears intapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of poadolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.studies show unpleasant consequences.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’sThose who were highest in status in high school, as well as those le ast liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the leastliked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the leastwell-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who werehigh in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just theopposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likabilityrelated to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life expe riences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he。
三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文(原卷版)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文一、2019年高考真题（无）二、2018年高考真题（无）三、2017年高考真题（无）2016年高考题【2016·上海】Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness2015年高考试题议论文类【2015·广东】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。