Tivoli Sales Play 2010 - NC
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我听过的66款书架箱
我听过的66款书架箱（添加了西湖LC3W12V和黑胶一号DIY箱）索引一、3000元以下档1、JBL E30、ES30：2、美声M62i：3、KEF IQ30、IQ3：4、乐富豪钻石10.2：5、袋鼠（没问型号或忘记了）：6、敏特声嘉年华2：7、何氏LS3/5A：8、安桥D-77，D77x：二、3000-6000元档1、乐富豪EVO2-10：2、谱诗M5i：3、猛牌铜彩BR2：4、意力BS63：5、ALR JORDAN ENTRY Si：6、ALR JORDAN ENTRY M：7、美之声监听一号：8、美之声云雀：9、惠威M1：10、惠威M3：11、微世N1：12、微世N1SC：13、B&W 685：14、美声792：15、三角铁图：16、国都11L2：17、博良时代一号：18、钟神美神一号：19、AE 200：20、欧博书架：21、金琅悠闲5号：22、惠普维真一号超值版：23、猛牌700：24、微世N2：三、6000-12000元档1、世霸toy：2、贵族Studio 110：3、贵族R8S：4、雨后初晴P3：5、意力243：6、丹拿DM2/7、X12：7、ATC SCM11：8、AE 1：9、金琅悠闲6号：10、思奔达S3/5R：11、达尼新款皇太子：12、XTZ（名韵）99.26：13、丹拿听众42：14、高度风某书架：15、丹拿听众52se：16、卓丽Reference 300：17、ATC 7老款：18、贵族T2000S：19、卓丽星座1号、2号：四、12000-24000元档1、ALR JORDAN NOTE3：2、贵族D1：3、雨后初晴C7：4、世霸concertino 小乐琴：5、世霸mini vintage：6、JBL 4425MK2：五、24000-48000元档1、世霸electa amator 大情人：六、48000-96000元档：1、西湖LC3W12V：七、非卖品1、黑胶一号（烧友DIY）正文本人听了几年的HIFI耳机，耳朵算有一点分辨能力吧。
《INCOTERMS 2010》中11个贸易术语的应用分析
《INCOTERMS 2010》中11个贸易术语的应用分析■孙智贤尚英仕青岛理工大学琴岛学院摘要：《INCOTERMS2010》中的11个贸易术语各自具有不同的特点和性质，确立的交易条件和价格也不尽相同。
本文根据对11个贸易术语的特点及性质的分析，找出了每个贸易术语具体应用在哪些情况中。
外贸业务员应该根据每个贸易术语的含义、性质和特点，根据交易情况选择合适的贸易术语。
关键词：贸易术语；交货地点；风险转移；《INCOTERMS2010》贸易术语是外贸行业的行话，做外贸业务必须先要弄懂贸易术语。
贸易术语又称价格术语，它是报价条款的一个必不可少的组成部分，用以确定商品价格的构成。
并且，贸易术语还确定了买卖双方的主要交易条件，如价格构成、买卖双方交接货物的地点、风险的转移界限、国际货物的运输责任及费用的承担方、国际货物运输保险责任和费用的承担方、进出口报关责任和费用的承担方。
只要确定了贸易术语，买卖双方在磋商合同时，就不用再谈判贸易术语已经确定的交易条件，而只对于其他交易条件进行谈判。
买卖双方选择贸易术语时，会考虑安全性、价格高低、方便程度，并且会受到市场上的供求状况以及双方实力和谈判能力的制约。
《INCOTERMS 2010》是按照使用的运输方式进行分类，但是为了分析上的方便，本文将贸易术语按照交货地点分为四组。
以下具体分析《INCOTERMS 2010》中这四组贸易术语的应用情况。
一、EXWEXW 被称为启运术语，它的交货地点是在商品的产地或者所在地，具有“三最”特点：卖方所承担的义务最小，买方所承担的义务最大，该贸易术语确定的报价最低。
从性质上看，EXW 属于实际交货术语，即卖方必须在指定的交货期内，在商品的产地或者所在地，将做好装货准备的货物实际交给买方处置时才算完成交货义务；EXW 还属于启运术语，在还未开始运输时，即在商品的产地或者所在地，将做好装货准备的货物交给买方就算完成交货义务了。
该贸易术语虽然在实际业务中使用相对较少，但是仍然有其用武之地，主要应用在以下三种情况中：1.国内贸易。
格林威尔产品目录_201007
Table of ContentsGW Delight Introduction (03)GEPON Series1. EasyPath GFA6100 GEPON OLT (04)2. EasyPath GFA6700 GEPON OLT (07)3. EasyPath GT810 GEPON ONU(For Outdoor) (10)4. EasyPath GT811 GEPON ONU (12)5. EasyPath GT811 GEPON ONU(For Field Environment) (14)6. EasyPath GT812 GEPON ONU (16)7. EasyPath GT812 GEPON ONU(Inverse Power over Ethernet) (18)8. EasyPath GT813 GEPON ONU (20)9. EasyPath GT815 GEPON ONU (22)10. EasyPath GT816 GEPON ONU (24)11. EasyPath GT831 GEPON ONU (26)12. EasyPath GT835 GEPON ONU (29)13. EasyPath GT861 GEPON ONU (32)14. EasyPath GT865 GEPON ONU (35)15. EasyPath GT866 GEPON ONU (37)EOC Series1. GL310 Coaxial Integrated Access System Head Unit (39)2. GL301 Coaxial Integrated Access System Terminal Unit (40)MSAP Series1. MSAP-E6300 STM-1/STM-4 Multi-Service Access Platform (42)2. MSAP-E3300A Multi-Service Access Platform (43)3. MSAP-E6100 Standalone SDH Multiplexer (44)4. MSAP-E6080 Standalone SDH Multiplexer (45)5. MSAP-E6080M Standalone Mini SDH Multiplexer (45)6. MSAP-E60V Standalone E1/V35 Fiber Optical Modem (46)7. MSAP-E120M/E120S Standalone PDH Fiber Optical Multiplexer (46)8. OTS-A120SV Standalone PDH Fiber Optical Multiplexer (47)9. OTS-A240M/A480M Standalone PDH Fiber Optical Multiplexer (47)10. MSAP-EE1500 Standalone 4/8/12E1+10/100M Multi-Service Access (48)11. GT891 Standalone 2/4/8E1+1Gigabit Ethernet Multi-Service Access (48)12. MSAP-ETRAM-10BT Standalone 10Base-TX to Framed/Unframed E1 Converter (49)13. MSAP-ETRAM-V35 Standalone V.35 to Framed E1 Converter (49)14. MSAP-ETRM Standalone 100Base-FX to Unframed E1 Converter (50)15. MSAP-ETRM-FE Standalone 10/100Base-TX to Unframed E1 Converter (51)16. MSAP-ETRM-EOP Standalone 10/100Base-TX or 100Base-FX to 8E1 Converter (51)17. GFT1501C/GFT1501S 10/100Mbps Standalone Media Converter (51)Data Communication Series1. EasyPath GH1508/GH1516 Ethernet Switch (52)2. EasyPath GAG10xx Series Integrated Access Device (54)Network Management System(UniView DA) (56)Ordering Info (58)4EasyPath GFA6000 Series GEPON OLTEasyPath GFA6100 GEPON OLTGFA6 00 is a mini OLT (Optical Line Terminal) of “EasyPath GFA6000” series with rack-mount structure. It can support 4 GEPON optical interfaces and connect 56 remote ONUs at most, and it provides 4*GE optical/electrical uplink interfaces. EasyPath GFA6 00 can be applied to FTTB/FTTP/FTTH access solution.FeaturesSlot number 3Power Supply number2PON optical interfaceInterface type:SC/PC (SFP socket)Fiber mode:single fiber Wavelength:1310/1490nmEthernet electric interfaceSupport IEEE 802.3 10/100/1000BASE-TXTransmission rate: 10/100/1000Mbit/s auto-sensing Interface type:RJ45MDI/MDIX:auto-sensingWorking mode:full duplex/half duplex auto-sensing Ethernet optical interface Support IEEE 802.31000BASE-LX/SXTransmission rate: 1000Mbit/s Interface type:LC/dual LCWorking mode:determined by SFP moduleNetwork Management (In-band)Dispense with specific interface,any service interface can be local Network Management interfaceNetwork Management (Out-of-band)Transmission rate:10/100Mbit/s auto-sensing Interface type:RJ45Working mode:half/full duplex,auto-sensing MDI/MDIX:auto-sensing Console interfacePhysical interface:RJ45Electrical level:RS232Baud rate: 9600Technical specifications5Data rate Uplink/downlink 1.25Gbps MAC address 16k Transmission distance 20km Split ratio 1:64PON interface 4ONU number 256Switch capacity16GbpsBack-planebuss bandwidth32Gbps VLANSupport IEEE 802.1Q(VLAN)Support 4k VLANSupport IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ/flexible QinQ)Support VLAN transparent transmissionSupport VLAN classification based on interfaceSupport multicast VLANLayer-2function Support store-and-forward mode and layer-2wire-speed forwarding Maximum frame:9216 bytes Packet transmit rate:35.7Mpps Support IEEE 802.1d (STP)/802.1w (RSTP)/802.1s(MSTP)Support broadcasting storm control Support port mirroringFlow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x(full duplexflow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)Link integration Support IEEE 802.3ad (Link integration)Support load equilibrium based on MAC and IPMulticastSuport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping and IGMP ProxySupport 1000 multicast groups Support multicast source port controlSupport multicast authority control Support joining and fast-leave function of IGMP member Support static multicastQoS Support IEEE 802.1P(COS PRI)and DSCPSupport service classification based on port,MAC address,IP address,TCP/UDP port number ,ToS(Type of Service)/DiffservSupport queue schedule algorithms such as SP (Strict Priority),WRR (Weighted Round Robin),SP+WRR Support 8priority queuing for each port Support Ingress/Egress CAR,64kbps incrementSupport Traffic Shaping Support Tail-Drop DBABandwidth increment is 64kbit/s Support fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLA parametersACLBased on port,MAC,IP ,TCP/UDP port number ,ToS/DiffservSecuritySupport interface isolationSupport AES-128,data encryption for both upstream and downstream Support dynamic update of key ReliabilityMain control module supports switch between main and spare module Support 1＋1trunk protectionPower supply supports backup function ManagementSupport UniView DA NM platform based on SNMP V1/V2Support Telnet management andlocal CONSOLE management Support in-band and out-of-band NM,and the management data configuration of VLAN and PRIMaintenance Support alarm and capability statistic,flow inspection,loop-back test,remote power-fail inspectionSupport long-distance on line upgrade of timing automatism and batch.Support remote line inspection,such as short circuit,incomplete circuit,and the location of failure.System features6ApplicationGFA6100 can support maximum 256 remote ONUs (Optical Network Unit) through the connection of fiber and ODN (Optical Distribution Network). EasyPath GFA6 00 system can improve resource utilization of carrier basic network. It can provide broadband data service, traditional voice/VoIP service, CATV/IPTV service and TDM dedicated service and so on to realize FTTB, FTTP and FTTH optical access solution. Physical specificationsDimension(mm)(W*D*H)442(19inch)×321×45(1U)Power supplyAC 220V and DC-48V,Support1+1backupWeight<7kgPowerconsumption<50WEnvironmentWorking temperature:0℃～45℃Storage temperature:-10℃～70℃Humidity: 10%～90%(non-condensing)EasyPath GFA6700 GEPON OLTGFA6 00 is “EasyPath GFA6000” series GEPON OLT equipment with rack mount design. It provides 0 GEPON optical interfaces and connects 80 remote ONUs at most. It provides 4*GE optical/electrical uplink interfaces. EasyPath GFA6 00 with rack design is convenient for extending and upgrading service. GFA6 00 includes SW (switching control unit), GET (GE electrical unit)/GEO (GE optical unit), GEPON optical unit, fan unit and power supply unit.EasyPath GFA6 00 can be applied to access solutions of FTTB/FTTP/FTTH.FeaturesTechnical specificationsSlot number12Service module5at most,and each module has 4GEPON interfacesFan moduleOne (with 4separate units inside)Power supply module3PON interfaceInterface type:SC/PC Fiber mode:single fiberWavelength:1310/1490nmEthernet electric interfaceSupport IEEE 802.3 10/100/1000BASE-TXTransmission rate: 10/100/1000Mbit/s auto-sensing Working mode:full duplex/half duplex auto-sensing Ethernet optical interface Support IEEE 802.31000BASE-LX/SXTransmission rate: 1000Mbit/s Interface type:LC/dual LCWorking mode:determined by SFP moduleNetwork management (In-band)Dispense with specific interface,any service interface can be local NM interface Network management (out-of-band)Transmission rate:10/100Mbit/s auto-sensing Interface type:RJ45Working mode:half/full duplex,auto-sensing MDI/MDIX:auto-sensing Console interfacePhysical interface:RJ45Electrical level:RS232Baud rate:9600One (GE or TDM uplink module,GE uplink module can provide 4GE interfaces, TDM uplink module can provide 24 E1 interfaces and it is inserted in service slot)Main control module1~2(one slot can be SW module or service module)Uplink moduleInterface type:RJ45MDI/MDIX:auto-sensing8Data rate Uplink/downlink 1.25Gbps MAC address16k/32kTransmissiondistance20km Split ratio1:64PONinterface20Support ONU1280Switchcapacity48GbpsTrunkbroadband96GbpsVLANSupport IEEE802.1Q(VLAN)Support4k VLANSupport IEEE802.1ad(QinQ/flexible QinQ)Support VLAN transparenttransmissionSupport VLAN classificationbased on interfaceSupport Multicast VLANLayer-2functionSupport store-and-forward mode andlayer-2wire-speed forwardingMaximum frame:9216 bytesPacket transmit rate:35.7MppsSupport IEEE802.1d(STP)/802.1w(RSTP)/802.1s(MSTP)Support broadcasting storm controlSupport port mirroringFlow controlSupport IEEE802.3x(full duplexflow control)and back pressureflow control(half duplex)LinkintegrationSupport IEEE802.3ad(Link integration)Support load equilibrium based on MACand IPMulticastSupport SCB(Single CopyBroadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping andIGMP ProxySupport1000groupsSupport multicast source portcontrolSupport multicast authoritycontrolSupport the joining andfast-leave of IGMP membersSupport static multicastQoSSupport IEEE802.1P(COS PRI)andDSCPSupport service classification based onport,MAC address,IP address,TCP/UDPport number,ToS(Type of Service)/DiffservSupport queue schedule algorithmssuch as SP(Strict Priority),WRR(Weighted Round Robin),SP+WRRSupport8priority queuing for each portSupport Ingress/Egress CAR,64kbpsincrementSupport Traffic ShapingSupport Tail-DropDBABandwidth increment is64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLAparametersACLBased on port,MAC,IP,TCP/UDP portnumber,ToS/DiffservSecuritySupport interface isolationSupport AES-128,dataencryption for both upstream anddownstreamSupport dynamic update of keyReliabilitySW module supports switch betweenmain and spare moduleSupport1＋1trunk protectionPower supply supports backup function ManagementSupport UniView DA NM platformbased on SNMP V1/V2Support Telnet management andlocal CONSOLE managementSupport in-band and out-of-bandNM,and the management dataconfiguration of VLAN and PRIMaintenanceSupport alarm and capability statistic,flow inspection,loop-back test,remotepower-fail inspectionSupport long-distance on line upgradeof timing automatism and batch.Support remote line inspection,such asshort circuit,incomplete circuit,andthe location of failure.System featuresApplicationGFA6700 can support maximum 1280 remote ONUs (Optical Network Unit) through the connection of fiber and ODN (Optical Distribution Network). EasyPath GFA6 00 system can improve resource utilization of carrier basic network. It can provide FTTB, FTTP and FTTH optical access solution for users. Broadband data service, traditional voice/VoIP service, CATV/IPTV service and TDM dedicated service are accessed through EasyPath GFA6 00.Dimension(mm)(W*D*H)482(19inch)×280×310(7U)Power supply AC 220V and DC -48V,Support power backup Weight<20kgPower consumption<300WEnvironment Working temperature:0℃～45℃Storage temperature:-10℃～70℃Humidity: 10%～90%(non-condensing)Physical specificationsEasyPath GT810 GEPON ONU (For Outdoor)EasyPath GT8 0 is a mini outdoor ONU (Optical Network Unit) of EPON series. It mainly supports broadband access of video surveillance applications. With outdoor wide temperature range and lightning protection design, it provides one FE interface and flexible access scattered control points, to guarantee the demand of video signal bandwidth.FeaturesTechnical specificationsPON optical interfaceInterface type:SC/PC Fiber mode:single fiberWavelength:1310/1490nm Ethernet interfaceInterface:1*FE Standard:IEEE 802.3Data Rate: 10/100M auto-sensing Interface type:RJ45Working mode:half/full duplex,auto-sensing MDI/MDIX:auto-sensingData rate Uplink/downlink 1.25Gbps MAC address 64Transmission distance20kmSplit ratio1:64Outdoor designThe range of the whole system’s operation temperature is wide.It can steadily work in the severe environment.Working temperature:-30℃~65℃Outdoor mini size design Easy installationDust and noise prevention.Lightning protection of power supply and Ethernet portsVLANSupport IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN)Support VLAN transparent transmissionSupport VLAN translation Support IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ)Layer-2functionSupport layer-2wire-speed forwarding Maximum frame:1600bytesSupport broadcasting storm control Support rate-limiting of bi-direction interfaceBandwidth increment is 64Kbit/s Data flow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x(full duplex flow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)MulticastSupport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping Support 64multicast groupsSupport multicast authority control function Support fast-leave function Support static multicast8M bytes large cache provides protection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoS/ACLSupport IEEE 802.1P PRI &DSCP Support classification based on MAC,IP ,TCP/UDP port number or ToS/DiffservSupport SP queue schedule Support 8classes of priority queue Support rate-limiting function based on priority,increment is 100kbps DBABandwidth increment is 64kbit/s Support fixed bandwidth,guaranteedSecuritySupport AES-128,dataencryption arithmetic for bothSystem featuresDimension(mm)(W*D*H)176×125×27.8Powersupply Power adapter:DC12V/1.2AInput voltage range:AC100V~AC240VWeight <0.6kgPower consumption<10WEnvironment requirementWorking temperature:-30℃~65℃Storage temperature:-40℃~70℃Humidity:10%~90% (non-condensing)Physical specificationsLayer-2functionSupport layer-2wire-speed forwarding Maximum frame:1600bytesSupport broadcasting storm control Support rate-limiting of bi-direction interfaceBandwidth increment is 64Kbit/s Data flow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x(full duplex flow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)MulticastSupport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping Support 64multicast groupsSupport multicast authority control function Support fast-leave function Support static multicast8M bytes large cache provides protection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoS/ACLSupport IEEE 802.1P PRI &DSCP Support classification based on MAC,IP ,TCP/UDP port number or ToS/DiffservSupport SP queue schedule Support 8classes of priority queue Support rate-limiting function based on priority,increment is 100kbps DBABandwidth increment is 64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth,guaranteed bandwidth,maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLA parametersSecurity Support AES-128,data encryption arithmetic for both uplink and downlinkSupport dynamic update of key.ManagementCentralized OLT management based on OAMMaintenanceSupport alarm and performance statistics,flow monitoring,loop-back test,dying gasp Support long-distance on line upgrade of timing automatism and batch.ApplicationEasyPath GT8 0 outdoor ONU can be used with the central office OLT product of EasyPath GFA6 00. It can be connected to ODN(Optical Distribution Network) which is composed of OLT and POS(Passive Optical Splitter)through a single fiber. GT8 0 can be located in outdoor, at front-end monitor points to provide the broadband access for video, audio and control signal.EasyPath point-to-multipoint topology accords with the characteristics of tree monitor network. It can save the trunk fiber resources or fiber rental cost. Meanwhile multistage branch is easy to access decentralized monitor point which can be increased flexibly to expand capacity later.EasyPath GT811 GEPON ONUEasyPath GT8 is a mini ONU (Optical Network Unit) of EPON series, which applies to Ethernet applications. It adopts mini-type compact structure design with high-integration and can provide 4 FE interfaces and layer- switch function. GT8 applies to FTTH/FTTP access application for resident and business users.FeaturesTechnical specificationsPON opticalinterfaceInterface type:SC/PCFiber mode:single fiberWavelength:1310/1490nmEthernet interfaceInterface:4*FEStandard:IEEE 802.3Data rate: 10/100M auto-sensingInterface type:RJ45Working mode:half/full duplex,auto-sensingMDI/MDIX:auto-sensingLocal networkmanagementinterfacePhysical interface:RJ45Realize in-band network management via Ethernet service interfaceSystem featuresData rate Uplink/downlink 1.25Gbps MAC address8kTransmissiondistance20km Split ratio1:64VLANSupport IEEE802.1Q(VLAN)Support 128 VLAN at mostSupport VLAN transparenttransmissionSupport VLAN trunkSupport VLAN translationSupport IEEE802.1ad(QinQ)Layer-2functionStore-and-forward mode,it supportslayer-2 wire-speed forwardingMaximum frame:1600bytesSupport broadcasting storm controlSupport port/flow mirroring functionSupport rate-limiting of bi-directioninterfaceData flowcontrolSupport IEEE802.3x(full duplexflow control)and back pressureflow control(half duplex)DBABandwidth increment is64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLAparametersMulticastSupport SCB(Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP SnoopingSupport256multicast groupsSupport multicast authority controlfunctionSupport fast-leave functionSupport static multicast8M bytes large cache providesprotection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoSSupport IEEE802.1P PRIDSCPSupport classification based onMAC,IP,TCP/UDP port number orToS/DiffservSupport SP queue scheduleSupport4classes of priority queueCentralized OLT management basedon OAMData flow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x(full duplex flow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)DBABandwidth increment is 64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteedbandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLA parametersMulticastSupport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping Support 256multicast groupsSupport multicast authority control functionSupport fast-leave function Support static multicast 8M bytes large cache provides protection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoSSupport IEEE 802.1P PRIDSCP Support classification based on MAC,IP,TCP/UDP port number or ToS/DiffservSupport SP queue schedule Support 4classes of priority queueSecuritySupport AES-128,data encryptionarithmetic for both uplink and downlinkSupport dynamic update of keyManagement andmaintenanceCentralized OLT management based on OAMSupport alarm and performancestatistics,flow monitoring,loop-back test,dying gaspSupport long-distance on line upgrade of timing automatism and batch Support monitoring function of long-distance Ethernet cableDimension(mm)(W*D*H)175×124×27.5Power supplyAdopts DC12V/1.2A powersupplyInput voltage range:AC100V~AC240V, 47~63HzWeight <0.3kgPower consumption<10WEnvironment requirementWorking temperature:0℃~45℃ Storage temperature:-10℃~70℃ Humidity:10%~90% (non-condensing)Physical specificationsApplicationEasyPath GT8 can be used with the central office OLT product of EasyPath GFA6000 series. It can be connected to ODN (Optical Distribution Network) which is composed of OLT and POS (Passive Optical Splitter)through a single fiber. GT8 can be located in the home or office to provide broadband access.4EasyPath GT811 GEPON ONU (For Field Environment)The new version GT8 is a remote ONU for field environment, whichcan provide 4 FE interfaces, it applies to FTTH or FTTP application. Asa remote ONU of EasyPath GFA6000, it connects with OLT (Optical LineTerminal) through PON composed of fiber and Passive Optical Splitters(ODN), and is managed by OLT on GEPON system.FeaturesPON optical interfaceInterface type:SC/PCFiber mode:single fiberWavelength:1310/1490nmEthernet interfaceInterface:4*FEStandard:IEEE 802.3Data rate: 10/100M auto-sensingInterface type:RJ45Working mode:half/full duplex,auto-sensingMDI/MDIX:auto-sensingLocal networkmanagementinterfacePhysical interface:RJ45Realize in-band network management via Ethernet service interfaceTechnical specificationsData rate Uplink/downlink 1.25Gbps MAC address8kTransmissiondistance20km Split ratio1:64VLANSupport IEEE802.1Q(VLAN)Support128VLANSupport VLAN transparent transmissionSupport VLAN trunkSupport VLAN translationSupport IEEE802.1ad(QinQ)Layer-2functionStore-and-forward mode,itsupports layer-2wire-speedforwardingMaximum frame: 1600 bytesSupport broadcasting stormcontrolSupport port/flow mirroringfunctionSupport rate-limiting ofbi-direction interfaceData flowcontrolSupport IEEE802.3x(full duplex flowcontrol)and back pressure flow control(half duplex)DBABandwidth increment is64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximalbandwidth,delay priority andetc SLA parametersMulticastSupport SCB(Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP SnoopingSupport 256 multicast groupsSupport multicast authority controlfunctionSupport fast-leave functionSupport static multicast8M bytes large cache providesprotection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoSSupport classification based onMAC,IP,TCP/UDP port numberor ToS/DiffservSupport SP queue scheduleSupport4classes of priorityqueueCentralized OLT management System featuresSupport IEEE802.1P PRI&DSCP5Data flow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x(full duplex flow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)DBABandwidth increment is64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLAparametersMulticastSupport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping Support 256 multicast groupsSupport multicast authority control functionSupport fast-leave function Support static multicast 8M bytes large cache providesprotection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoSSupport classification based on MAC,IP,TCP/UDP port number or ToS/DiffservSupport SP queue schedule Support 4classes of priority queueSecuritySupport AES-128,data encryptionarithmetic for both uplink and downlink Support dynamic update of keyManagement andmaintenanceCentralized OLT management based on OAM Support alarm andperformance statistics,flowmonitoring,loop-back test,dying gaspSupport long-distance on line upgrade of timing automatism and batchSupport monitoring function of long-distance Ethernet cableSupport IEEE 802.1P PRI&DSCP Dimension(mm)(W*D*H)210×130×100Power supply Adopts DC12V/1.2A power supply Input voltage range:AC100V~AC240V, 47~63Hz Weight <2.05kgPower consumption<10WWorking temperature: -30℃~65℃ Storage temperzature: -10℃~70℃ Humidity: 10%~90% (non-condensing)Physical specificationsEnvironment requirementApplicationEasyPath GT8 field version ONU can be used with the central office OLT product of EasyPath GFA6000 series. It can be connected to ODN (Optical Distribution Network) which is composed of OLT and POS (Passive Optical Splitter) through a single fiber. GT8 can be located in the field to provide broadband access.6EasyPath GT812 GEPON ONUEasyPath GT8 is a mini broad bandwidth ONU (Optical Network Unit) of EPON series. It adopts mini-type compact structure design with high-integration and can provide 8 FE interfaces and layer- switch function. GT8 supports multicast service, and it is easy to maintenance and manage. It applies to FTTB/FTTP access applications for resident and business users.FeaturesPON optical interfaceInterface type:SC/PCFiber mode:single fiber Wavelength:1310/1490nmEthernet interfaceInterface:8*FEStandard:IEEE 802.3Data rate: 10/100M auto-sensing Interface type: RJ45Working mode:half/full duplex,auto-sensing MDI/MDIX:auto-sensingLocal network management interfacePhysical interface:RJ45Realize in-band network management via Ethernet service interfaceTechnical specificationsData rate Uplink/downlink 1.25Gbps MAC address 8k Transmission distance20kmSplit ratio1:64VLANSupport IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN)Support 128VLANSupport IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ)Support VLAN transparent transmission Support VLAN trunk Support VLAN translationLayer-2functionStore-and-forward mode,it supports layer-2wire-speedforwardingMaximum frame: 1600 bytes Support broadcasting storm controlSupport port/flow mirroring functionSupport rate-limiting of bi-direction interface Data flow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x (full duplex flow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)DBABandwidth increment is 64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLA parametersMulticastSupport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping Support 256 multicast groupsSupport multicast authority control functionSupport fast-leave function Support static multicast 8M bytes large cache providesQoSSupport IEEE 802.1P PRI&DSCPSupport classification based on MAC,IP,TCP/UDP port number or ToS/Diffserv Support SP queue schedule Support 8classes of priority queueSystem featuresData flow controlSupport IEEE 802.3x (full duplex flow control)and back pressure flow control (half duplex)DBABandwidth increment is 64kbit/sSupport fixed bandwidth/guaranteed bandwidth/maximal bandwidth,delay priority and etc SLA parametersMulticastSupport SCB (Single Copy Broadcast)Support IGMP V1/V2Support IGMP Snooping Support 256 multicast groupsSupport multicast authority control functionSupport fast-leave function Support static multicast 8M bytes large cache providesprotection for burst flow of IPTV serviceQoSSupport IEEE 802.1P PRI&DSCPSupport classification based on MAC,IP,TCP/UDP port number or ToS/Diffserv Support SP queue schedule Support 8classes of priority queueSecuritySupport AES-128,data encryptionarithmetic for both uplink and downlink Support dynamic update of keyManagement andmaintenanceCentralized OLT management based on OAMSupport alarm and performancestatistics,flow monitoring,loop-back test,dying gasp Support long-distance on line upgrade of timing automatism and batchSupport monitoring function of long-distance Ethernet cablePhysical specificationsDimension(mm)(W*D*H)260×135×42.5Power supply Adopts DC12V/1.2A power supplyInput voltage range:AC100V~AC240V, 47~63Hz Weight <1kgPower consumption<10WEnvironment requirementWorking temperature:0℃~45℃Storage temperature:-10℃~70℃Humidity:10%~90% (non-condensing)ApplicationEasyPath GT8 can be used with the central office OLT product of EasyPath GFA6 00 series. It can be connected to ODN (Optical Distribution Network) which is composed of OLT and POS (Passive Optical Splitter)through a single fiber. GT8 can be located at the corridor to provide broadband access or used with IAD product to provide broadband and voice access.。
克劳瑞德渠道目录价格2010年
产品描述 Product Description容量Rating输入输出input/output电池后备时间Backup time目录价（List Price）Active 0.7KVA700VA1/19min15,048.00 Active 1.0KVA1kVA1/110min17,952.00 Active 2.0KVA2kVA1/116min31,460.00 Active 3.0KVA3kVA1/19min42,680.00 Active rack 0.7KVA700VA1/19min18,040.00 Active rack 1.0KVA1kVA1/110min20,240.00 Active rack 2.0KVA2kVA1/1w/o 23,320.00 Active rack 3.0KVA3kVA1/1w/o 33,880.00 Linear plus 6kVA6kVA1/1w/o 82,720.00 Linear plus 10kVA10kVA1/1&3/1w/o 147,840.00 LINEAR PLUS RM 6kVA6kVA1/1w/o 88,000.00 LINEAR PLUS RM 10kVA 10kVA1/1w/o 139,920.00 Linear mk2/E1 20kVA20kVA3/1w/o 199,320.00 60 Net 10KVA10kVA3/3w/o 220,000.00 60 Net 20KVA20kVA3/3w/o 233,200.00 80 Netmpr 30KVA30kVA3/3w/o 293,700.00 80 Netmpr 40KVA40kVA3/3w/o 369,600.00 MP-NET 20KVA 20kVA3/3w/o 369,600.00 MP-NET 40KVA 40kVA3/3w/o 547,800.00 MP-NET 60KVA 60kVA3/3w/o 704,000.00 MP-NET 80KVA 80kVA3/3w/o 913,000.00 80 Net 60KVA60kVA3/3w/o 462,000.00 80 Net 80KVA80kVA3/3w/o 574,200.00 80 Net 120KVA120kVA3/3w/o 750,200.00 80 Net 160KVA160kVA3/3w/o 873,400.00 80 Net 200KVA200kVA3/3w/o 1,115,400.00 90 Net -250KVA250kVA3/3w/o 1,696,200.00 90 Net -300KVA300kVA3/3w/o 1,793,000.00 90 Net -400KVA400kVA3/3w/o 2,191,200.00 90 Net -500KVA500kVA3/3w/o 2,618,000.00 90 Net -600KVA600kVA3/3w/o 3,489,200.00 90 Net -800KVA800kVA3/3w/o 4,115,100.00 Trinergy -400KVA400kVA3/3w/o 2,978,800.00 Trinergy -600KVA600kVA3/3w/o 4,063,400.00 Trinergy -800KVA800kVA3/3w/o 5,115,000.00 Trinergy -1000KVA1000kVA3/3w/o 6,063,200.00 Trinergy -1200KVA1200kVA3/3w/o 7,378,800.00 2010年克劳瑞德电源(中国)有限公司Chloride UPS产品目录价产品描述Product Description 容量Rating输入输出input/output电池后备时间Backup time目录价（List Price）A700700VA1/19min22,572.00A10001kVA1/110min26,928.00A20002kVA1/116min47,190.00A30003kVA1/19min64,020.00E606kVA1/1w/o 124,080.00E10010kVA1/1&3/1w/o 221,760.00E20020kVA3/1w/o 298,980.00C 10KVA10kVA3/3w/o 330,000.00C 20KVA20kVA3/3w/o 349,800.00D 30KVA30kVA3/3w/o 440,550.00D 40KVA40kVA3/3w/o 554,400.00D 60KVA60kVA3/3w/o 693,000.00D 80KVA80kVA3/3w/o 861,300.00D 120KVA120kVA3/3w/o 1,125,300.00D 160KVA160kVA3/3w/o 1,310,100.00D 200KVA200kVA3/3w/o 1,673,100.00 SIII -250KVA250kVA3/3w/o 2,544,300.00 SIII -300KVA300kVA3/3w/o 2,689,500.00 SIII -400KVA400kVA3/3w/o 3,286,800.00 SIII -500KVA500kVA3/3w/o 3,927,000.00 SIII -600KVA600kVA3/3w/o 5,233,800.00 SIII -800KVA800kVA3/3w/o 6,172,650.002010年克劳瑞德电源(中国)有限公司Masterguard(原西门子） UPS产品目录价产品代码Product Code产品描述Product Description产品描述Product Description目录价（ListPrice）选件SU56721AA000AA0PR Board并机板套件17,820 SU56330FC000AF0SBS 400A维修旁路柜85,210 SU56330KC000AF0SBS 800A维修旁路柜105,200 SU56330PC000AF0SBS 1600A维修旁路柜146,970 SU56330TC000AF0SBS 2500A维修旁路柜196,780 10B14143GC1COC 400A并联旁路柜291,000 10B14144GC1COC 800A并联旁路柜357,390 10B14145GC1COC 1600A并联旁路柜436,170 10B13871G4MBSM(Single Main supply)同步控制器121,380 10B14266G6Top-entry(250-500KVA)上进线柜17,330 10B14491G1Top-entry(600-800KVA)上进线柜59,600 10B12633G1I/O interface用户信息接入卡9,830 CH54320BA00CROSS静态切换开关CROSS RACK 16A 2 POLE56,000 CH54320DA00CROSS静态切换开关CROSS RACK 32A 2 POLE60,000 CH54320KA00CROSS静态切换开关CROSS RACK 63A 2 POLE70,900 CH56370BD000A0CROSS静态切换开关Cross 160A STS 4P340,000 CH56370CD000A0CROSS静态切换开关Cross 250A STS 4P355,000 CH56370ED000A0CROSS静态切换开关Cross 400A STS 4P435,000 CH56370GD000A0CROSS静态切换开关Cross 600A STS 4P570,000 Conectivity/通讯选件SW PROMOP Mop UPS CD(Intel)MOP软件含2用户许可1,680 SW PROMOP05Mop-ups license 55用户安装许可5,860 SW PROMOP10Mop-ups license 1010用户安装许可12,300 SW PROMOP25Mop-ups license 2525用户安装许可25,670 SW PROMOP50Mop-ups license 5050用户安装许可46,890 SW PROMOP100Mop-ups license 100100用户安装许可81,980 SW PROMOPRU Mop UPS CD(RISC Unix)2,350 SW PROMOPRU01Mop-ups license 11用户安装许可1,990 SW PROMOPRU05Mop-ups license 55用户安装许可10,100 SW PROMOPRU10Mop-ups license 1010用户安装许可18,320 SW PROMOPRU25Mop-ups license 2525用户安装许可34,250 CH59330AA21Slot in Card SNMP内置SNMP卡8,400 10B14269G1J-Bus Kit J-BUS套件11,980 AMB-P3-CN SNMP内置SNMP卡10,800蓄电池C&D 12-26ALBT铅酸免维护蓄电池26AH12V 26AH580C&D 12-34 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池34AH12V 34AH712C&D 12-36 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池36AH12V 36AH738C&D 12-54 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池54AH12V 54AH967C&D 12-76 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池76AH12V 76AH1,258 C&D 12-78 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池78AH12V 78AH1,288 C&D 12-100 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池100AH12V 100AH1,527C&D 12-114 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池114AH12V 114AH1,665C&D 12-127A LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池127AH12V 127AH2,146C&D 12-158A LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池158AH12V 158AH2,658C&D 12-211A LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池211AH12V 211AH3,644C&D 2-100 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池100AH2V 100AH382C&D 2-200 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池200AH2V 200AH948C&D 2-300 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池300AH2V 300AH1,257C&D 2-400 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池400AH2V 400AH1,7042010年克劳瑞德电源(中国)有限公司UPS产品选件目录价C&D 2-500 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池500AH2V 500AH2,115 C&D 2-600 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池600AH2V 600AH2,500 C&D 2-800 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池800AH2V 800AH3,333 C&D 2-1000 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池1000AH2V 1000AH4,016 C&D 2-1500 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池1500AH2V 1500AH6,659 C&D 2-2000 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池2000AH2V 2000AH9,207 C&D 2-3000 LBT铅酸免维护蓄电池3000AH2V 3000AH13,496电池柜BTR30-112V26AH/34AH/36AH 30只装12V26AH/34AH/36AH 30只装3,000 BTR30-212V54AH/76AH/78AH 30只装12V54AH/76AH/78AH 30只装4,400 BTR30-312V100AH/114AH/127AH 30只装12V100AH/114AH/127AH 30只装5,400 BTR30-412V158AH/211AH 30只装12V158AH/211AH 30只装6,600 BTR32-112V26AH/34AH/36AH 32只装12V26AH/34AH/36AH 32只装3,500 BTR32-212V54AH/76AH/78AH 32只装12V54AH/76AH/78AH 32只装4,900 BTR32-312V100AH/114AH/127AH 32只装12V100AH/114AH/127AH 32只装5,900 BTR32-412V158AH/211AH 32只装12V158AH/211AH 32只装7,100 BTR40-112V26AH/34AH/36AH 40只装12V26AH/34AH/36AH 40只装4,500 BTR40-212V54AH/76AH/78AH 40只装12V54AH/76AH/78AH 40只装5,900 BTR40-312V100AH/114AH/127AH 40只装12V100AH/114AH/127AH 40只装6,900 BTR40-412V158AH/211AH 40只装12V158AH/211AH 40只装8,100。
Bosch Rexroth VT-MAC8 RE 30156 03.12 数字多轴NC控制器系列说明
1/16Information on available spare parts:/spcDigitalmulti-axis NC controlType VT-MAC8Component series 1XRE 30156/03.12Replaces: 04.05Table of contentsH 7304Contents PageFeatures 2System overview 2Ordering code for system 3Software project planning4Overview of the controller functions 4NC interpreter5ECL-Win programming language 6Technical data7Pin assignment master card 9Pin assignment slave card 12Unit dimensions13FeaturesThe MAC8 is the digital Rexroth multi-axis NC control in mod-ular design. It consists of a master card with no, 2 or 4 axis controllers and can be extended with up to seven slave cards for four axes each, if necessary. It is thus the perfect solu-tion for complex control tasks with up to 32 interpolatable axes. Using local Ethernet, more MAC8 can be connected. The MAC8 communicates with the superior PLC machine control via field bus (PROFIBUS DP or CAN) or via Ether-net. It has special hydraulic control characteristics and is able to control the movements of the machine or machine partsin a completely automatic manner and can thus also accept PLC tasks. Sensors and actuators can also be analyzed and/ or activated via CAN bus.Areas of application:– Presses (tube forming, metal / ceramic, powder, plastic, deep drawing, glass presses, press brakes, die cushion controls, IHF (internal high pressure forming, etc.)– Materials handling (container crane, balance crane, train/ truck lift, belt drive, etc.)– Steelworks and rolling mill technology (continuous caster, curved casting machine, mold oscillation, roll stand, 3-roll bending machine, turn over cooling bed, flying shears, ladle car, molding plants, etc.)– Testing technology (weld testing machine, shock absorber testing system, tube testing press, etc.)– Special machinery (coal distributors, thick sheet turning equipment, engine turning system, etc.)Process connection32 digital inputs, 24 digital outputs, PROFIBUS DP, CANopen, TCP-IP, UDP, PROFINET RT, EtherNet/IP Connection / visualization– By means of "OPC server"– By means of "Active X" elements– Interfaces: RS485 or EthernetProgramming– User programming with PC– Extensive diagnosis and debugging tools– Comfortable data administration on the PC– High level language oriented– 32 NC programs which can be executed in parallel– High execution speed due to compiled programs– Fast integer and real arithmetics– Exponential and angle functionsHydraulic axes– Measuring system Incremental or absolute (SSI)Analog ±10 V and 4 to 20 mA,±10 mA and ±20 mA– Control output Analog ±10 V and 4 to 20 mA,±10 mA and ±20 mAClosed-loop control– Following controller– State controller– Path-dependant braking– Synchronization controller up to 32 axes (different variants)– Pressure / force controllerSystem overviewVisualization / diagnosisPROFIBUS DP / CAN / EtherNet/IP / PROFINET RTLocal EthernetEthernet / RS485PLC / process control levelCAN Bus SensorsActuators Up to 32drivesUp to 32drivesOrdering code for systemPartOrdering code Analog InRS232 (V24)RS485CANopenPROFINET RT / EtherNet/IP PROFIBUS DPAnalog I/OEncoder plugAM 1X X X AM 2X XX X 2X AM 4X X X4XPM 1X X X X PM 2X X X X X 2X PM 4X X XX 4X EM 4XXXX4XSelection aidVT-MAC 81X SM AX4*System with 1 slot = 15 slots = 58 slots= 8Bus variant No field bus= A PROFIBUS DP slave connection= P PROFINET RT / EtherNET/IP slave connection= EFurther details in the plain text4-axis slave0 to 7 =NumberMaster1 = without axis module, with RS4852 = 2-axis version, with RS4854 =4-axis versionComponentsMaterial no.TypeDesignationR901075726VT-MAC8-1X/K-AM1Master card without axis controller R901075728VT-MAC8-1X/K-AM2Master card with 2 axis controllers R901075730VT-MAC8-1X/K-AM4Master card with 4 axis controllersR901075732VT-MAC8-1X/K-PM1Master card with PROFIBUS DP, without axis controller R901075734VT-MAC8-1X/K-PM2Master card with PROFIBUS DP, with 2 axis controllers R901075738VT-MAC8-1X/K-PM4Master card with PROFIBUS DP, with 4 axis controllersR901275171VT-MAC8-1X/K-EM4Master card with PROFIBUS RT / EtherNet/IP, with 4 axis controllers R901075752VT-MAC8-1X/K-AX4Slave card with 4 axis controllers R901075757VT-MAC8-1X/K-DUMMY Blank location cover for a slot R901075714VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK1Empty rack with one slot (master card)R901075722VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK5Empty rack with 5 slots (1 master, 4 slaves)R901075725VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK8Empty rack with 8 slots (1 master, 7 slaves)R901052075KABELSATZ MAC8/ABS/SF/3M Cable absolute value encoder SSI (X2), 3 meters, open end R901052153KABELSATZ MAC8/INC/24V/SF3M Cable incremental encoder 24V (X2), 3 meters, open end R901052152KABELSATZ MAC8/INC/5V/SF/3M Cable incremental encoder 5V (X2), 3 meters, open end R901052141KABELSATZ MAC8/AE/SF/3M Cable analog inputs (X4), 3 meters, open end R901052069KABELSATZ MAC8/AEA/SF/3M Cable analog inputs/outputs (X1), 3 meters, open end R901052150KABELSATZ MAC8/DEA/SF/3M Cable digital inputs/outputs (X5), 3 meters, open end R901074828KABELSATZ MAC8/PC/RS232/5M Cable PC MAC8 RS232 interface (X3.4), 5 meters R901269556SYS-MAC8-2X-D/EInstallation CD for the MAC8 programming systemSoftware project planningProgram creation with MACpro– Windows version with integrated editor with com-mand highlighting– Project group creation for managing the individual pro-grams on the slots with automatic switch-over– Global header files for joint definitions– Programs can be organized in modules (files)– Nesting depth for up to 50 subroutines– Change-oriented compiling and transmission to the MAC8– Reference list of the variables and subroutines used– Automatic version comparison PC <-> MAC8– Saving of different desktop settings– Program stored in the flashDebugging– Online help for "Syntax", "Tools" and "Keys"– Tracing of program execution (Trace)– Process variable tracing by means of trend– Program view (View) with search functions– Function level display (call hierarchy)– 5 break points are managed– Stop / start / continue and single step (single, step, ste-pover) of individual or all programs– Saving of the memory image (program with data)View of variables– All variable windows can be selected by means of "Hot keys" or the menu, flexible window size– Configurable variable window (mix variables) with hexa-decimal, decimal, binary and floating point representation. Easy transmission of any variable from the program view to the tracing window and structuring by means of comments – Setup window with all axis-specific process variables– System parameter assistant Acquisition of measured data– 64 recording channels with start and stop trigger– Recording option for all process variables– Graphical and numeric presentation (DBF format) of the recorded channels– Endless data recording (trend)Commissioning functions– Inputs can be simulated– Outputs can be set– Analog output variables can be set– Jog mode for controller optimization– Activation / deactivation of individual controller componentsProject-related management of the:– Programs– Configurable programming user interface– System parameters– Measured dataMACpro system requirements:– IBM PC or compatible system– Windows NT, Windows 2000, Win XP, Windows 7– Processor from 300 MHz– At least 256 MB RAM– At least 100 MB of available hard disk capacityThe installation is effected from CD(SYS-MAC8-2X-D/E with material no. R901269556)Overview of the controller functionsPosition controller:– Following controller– Substitutional closed-loop control (position / pressure)– Force limitation in positive and negative direction Direction-dependent gain adjustment– "Inflected" gain characteristic curve– Fine positioning– Residual voltage principle– Compensation of zero point errors– State feedback– Command value feedforward– Limitation of the control output via the NC program – "Path-dependant braking"– External controller function via NC program– Following operation– Velocity override– Gain modification via the NC program possible – Interpolation of up to 32 axes– Pre-acceleration– Force / path; force / time curves– Position/ input value curves– Coordinate transformation of the spatial axesStartNC interpreterThe NC interpreter organizes the execution of the 32 paral-lel NC programs. In this connection, each program works in a sequential manner. Switch-over between the parallel pro-grams is in each case effected after processing of one pro-gram line. In case of commands waiting for an event (e.g.: "WAIT", "POS"), the next program is activated immediately after the event request in order not to hinder execution of theother programs. All system resources are available for all pro-grams (I/O, axes, variables etc.). Programs can start, stop or delay each other. This concept allows for the perfect imaging of the sequence control of the machine in the NC program of the MAC8.State controller:– Velocity feedback – Acceleration feedback – Pressure feedback – External feedback Pressure / force controller:– PID controller– I share can be switched via window – Differential pressure evaluation– P / Q pilot control– Different modes for transition from position to force controllerVelocity controller:– PI controller– I share switchable via windowOverview of the controller functions (continued)Synchronization controller:– Synchronization of any groups with up to 32 axes, which can be changed during runtime– Active synchronization with force limitation and/or parallel making way– Passive synchronization, tilt compensation control, with definable average counterforce– Synchronization offsets of the axes can be changed dynamically – Axes can be dynamically added to or removed from the synchronized group (also during operation)– Relative synchronization, also in opposite direction Monitoring functions:– Dynamic following error monitoring– Traversing range limits (electronic end switches)– Cable break monitoring for incremental and SSI encoder – Cable break monitoring for sensors with output 4 to 20 mA – Valve monitoring– Encoder voltage monitoringECL-Win programming languageThe MAC8 data organization:Numeric variables (integer):V:Standard variablesP:Local variablesN:Process variablesFields (integer):A:User defined fieldsS:System parametersReal variables:R:Floating point figuresLogic variables:I:InputsO:OutputsF:Process flagsSigns and operators:<num. signs>{"-" | "!" | "#"}<num. operator>{"*" | "/" | "+" | "-" | "&" |"|" | "^" | "<<" | ">>"}<num. real operator> {"sin" | "cos" |"tan" | "asin" | "acos" | "atan"| "sqrt"<log. operator>{"&" | "|" | "^"}<num. comp.operator> {"<=" | ">=" | "<>" |"<" | ">" | "="} Compiler instructions:";"<Comment>"#include"<File name>"#module"<File name>"#define"<Name> <Text>"#global"<File name>Acquisition of measured values:TIMER TimerTRACE Oscilloscope functionDialog command (control box or terminal):DIALOG Start dialogWINDOW Define windowDISPLAY Output variable or text INPUT Input definitionLEVEL User levelREAD_KEY Softkey querySSET String assignmentSpecial commands:CALL <Address>Call C functionSTART/STOP TASK Start C task Program sequence control:IF ELSE InstructionWHILE Loop{..}Command block[..]Bundling of commandsBEGIN END Program definitionLabelJUMP <Label> or <Subroutine>START/STOP/BREAK/CONT<Program>WAIT <Time> or <Condition>Data manipulation:DIM Field declarationCOPY Field copying functionSET Assign variableMSET Preset fieldsPSET Assign local variableAxis/process functions:AXINIT Initialize axesAXSET Take over axis dataSTOP Cancel axis movementHALT Immediate halt of axis movement POS HALT Immediate halt of axis movement BREAK Interrupt axis movement CONT Resume axis movement EQUIT Acknowledge axis errorLOCK Lock axis controlUNLOCK Unlock controlOVER Determine axis overrideACC Axis acceleration (±)VEL Axis velocityPOS Position axisSYNCH Define synchronized axesLIN Linear interpolationFORCE Force controlDAC Voltage outputFUNC Axis functionsSIMU Simulation of axisHOME ReferencingTABLE Process curve creation VIRTUAL Define virtual axesREAL Inverse calculation formulafor VIRTUALFREEZE Freeze axis velocityFor the operating parameters not listed here, you can usually enter a constant, a variable or a term!Technical dataOperating voltage UB18 to 36 VDC / max 3.6 ACurrent consumption Master without axis 500 mAMaster with axes800 mASlave 400 mAProcessor MPC860 and MPC555Memory16 MB SDRAM, 16 MB Flash, 8 KByte DPR4 MB Flash (MPC555)2 MB SRAM (MPC555)Analog inputs:– Voltage inputs (differential inputs)±10 V, 12 bits with 4-fold oversampling• Input voltage UEMax. +10 V to –10 V• Input resistance RE160 kΩ• Resolution 5 mV– Current inputs• Input current / input resistance IE / RE4 to 20 mA / 100 Ω±20 mA / 500 Ω• Leakage current IV12 μA• Resolution 4 μAAnalog outputs:– Voltage outputs• Output voltage Unom±10 V PWM (pulse width modulation)• Output current Imax10 mA• Load Rmin2 kΩ– Current outputs• Output current normalized Inom±20 mA• Load Rmax500 Ω• Resolution 1 mVSerial interfaces Standard RS232 (V 24) (19.2 KBaud)RS485 (115 KBaud)Optional PROFIBUS DP (max. 12 MBaud)CANopen (max. 1 MBaud) Switching inputs Quantity32Logic level log 0 (low) 0 V to +5 Vlog 1 (high) +10 V to 36 VRE3 kΩ ±10 %Switching outputs Quantity24Logic level log 0 (low) 0 V to +5 V;log 1 (high) +10 V to 36 V;current carrying capacity up to 50 mATechnical data (continued)Digital position transducers– Incremental transducer• Transducer with TTL outputInput voltage log 00 to 1 Vlog 1 2.8 to 5.5 V Input current log 0–0.8 mA (with 0 V)log 10.8 mA (with 5 V)250 kHz, 24 bit Max. frequency referring to Ua 1fmaxSSI position transducers– Coding Gray-Code– Data width Adjustable up to max. 28 bit250 kHz– Line receiver (TTL)fmax– Input voltage log 00 to 1 Vlog 1 2.5 to 5.5 V– Input current log 0–0.5 mA (with 0 V)log 10.5 mA (with 5 V)– Line driver– Output voltage log 00 to 0.5 Vlog 1 2.5 to 5.5 VAdmissible operating temperature range0 to 50 °CStorage temperature range–20 to 70 °CWeight:– Rack 1m1000 g– Rack 5m1800 g– Rack 8m2500 g– Master card m400 g– Slave card m350 g– Blank cover m100 g24 VX624V RUN OK BUSC A N f i e ld b u sX3.1X3.3R S 485 / V 24X3.4a n a l o g i nX5X410B a s e T100B a s e TRexrothX1b X1ad i g i t a l I /OMAC-8Pin assignment master card VT-MAC8X1a RJ-45; 100BaseT Ethernet Pin 1TPO+2TPO–3TPI+475K-GND 575K-GND6TPI–775K-GND 875K-GND X1b RJ-45; 10BaseT EthernetPin 1TPO+2TPO–3TPI+4n.c.5n.c.6TPI–7n.c.8n.c.X3.1 CANopen Pin Pin1n.c.n.c.62CAN_Lx CAN_Hx73GNDCANx n.c.84n.c.n.c.95n.c.X3.3 PROFIBUS DP Pin Pin1n.c.VP 62n.c.n.c.73RxD/TxD -P RxD/TxD -N84CNTR -P n.c.95DGNDNotice:Please use straight Profibus connectorX3.4RS232 (V24)Pin Pin1GND RxD 62TxD RS485GND 73 5 V RxD+84RxD–TxD+95TxD–X6Voltage supply Pin 1Shield 2GND 3+24 VX4Analog inPin Pin1U in 1C U in 2C 62U in 3C U in 4C 73AGND U in 1D 84U in 2D U in 3D 95U in 4DFront plate shows: VT-MAC8-1X/K-PM124 VX624V RUN OK BUSC A Nf i e ld b u sX3.1X3.3R S 485 / V 24X3.4a n a l o g i nX5X4e n c o d e r 1X2.1e n c o d e r 2X2.2X110B a s e T100B a s e TRexrothX1bX1aa n a l o g I /Od i g i t a l I /OMAC-8X5Digital I/O Pin Description Pin Description Pin Description 22Reserved43Reserved1Reserved 23In044In22In124In345In53In425In646In84In726In947In115In1027In1248In146In1328In1549In177In1629In1850In208In1930In2151In239In2231In2452In2610In2532In2753In2911In2833In3054Out012In3134Out155Out313Out235Out456Out614Out536Out757Out915Out837Out1058Out1216Out1138Out1359Out1517Out1439Out1660Out1818Out1740Out1961Out2119Out2041Out22620 V20Out23420 V210 VPin assignment master card VT-MAC8Front plate shows: VT-MAC8-1X/K-PM2Notice:The pins marked with "reserved" must not be connected.24 VX624V RUN OK BUSC A Nf i e l d b u sX3.1X3.3e n c o d e r 3X2.3e n c o d e r 4X2.4a n a l o g i nX5X4e n c o d e r 1X2.1e n c o d e r 2X2.2X110B a s e T100B a s e TRexrothX1bX1aa n a l o g I /Od i g i t a l I /OMAC-8Pin assignment master card VT-MAC8X1Analog I/O on master cardPin PinDescription1n.c.n.c.142AGND Analog ground n.c.153n.c.AGND 16Analog ground4IU in 1A Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V IU in 1B 17Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V 5IU in 2A Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V IU in 2B 18Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V 6AGND Analog groundIU in 3A 19Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V 7IU in 3B Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V IU in 4A 20Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V 8IU in 4B Current / voltage input 0.. 20 mA / ±10 V AGND 21Analog ground 9U out 1±10 V U out 222±10 V 10U out 3±10 V U out 423±10 V 11AGND Analog ground I out 124±20 mA 12I out 2±20 mA I out 325±20 mA 13I out 4±20 mAX2.x Encoder plug PinINC SSI1/Ua 22+Clk3Ua 04/ Ua 05Ua 16/ Ua 17–Clk8Ua 29–Data100 V 0 V 11+Data 12Reserved Reserved 13n. c.n. c.14Reserved Reserved 15n. c.n. c.Front plate shows: VT-MAC8-1X/K-EM4Notice:The pins marked with "reserved" must not be connected.X3.3PROFINET RT / EtherNet/IPPin 1TPO+2TPI+3TPO–4TPI–AX-4Rexroth 24V OK RUN BUSe n c o d e r 4e n c o d e r 3e n c o d e r 2e n c o d e r 1a n a l o g I /OX2.4X2.3X2.2X2.1X1S1addressPin assignment slave card VT-MAC8-1X/K-AX4S1Address Slot 2Slot 2 3Slot 34Slot 45Slot 56Slot 6 7Slot 78Slot 80 - 1Not allowed 9 - F Not allowedX1Analog I/O on slave cardPin PinDescription1I in 1C Current / voltage input ±20 mA / ±10 V I in 2C14Current / voltage input ±20 mA / ±10 V 2AGND Analog groundI in 3C 15Current / voltage input ±20 mA / ±10 V 3I in 4C Current / voltage input ±20 mA / ±10 V AGND 16Analog ground4IU in 1A Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V IU in 1B 17Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V 5IU in 2A Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V IU in 2B 18Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V 6AGND Analog groundIU in 3A 19Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V 7IU in 3B Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V IU in 4A 20Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V 8IU in 4B Current / voltage input 0...20 mA / ±10 V AGND 21Analog ground 9U out 1±10 V U out 222±10 V 10U out 3±10 V U out 423±10 V 11AGND Analog ground I out 124±20 mA 12I out 2±20 mA I out 325±20 mA 13I out 4±20 mAX2.x Encoder plug PinINC SSI1/Ua 22+Clk3Ua 04/ Ua 05Ua 16/ Ua 17–Clk8Ua 29–Data100 V 0 V 11+Data 12Reserved Reserved 13n. c.n. c.14Reserved Reserved 15n. c.n. c.Notice:Address the card accord-ing to the slot.Notice:The pins marked with "reserved" must not be connected.Unit dimensions (dimensions in mm)VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK5 System with 5 slots VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK1 System with 1 slotUnit dimensions (dimensions in mm)VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK8System with 8 slotsUnit dimensions (dimensions in mm)VT-MAC8-1X/K-RACK1/5/8Bosch Rexroth AG HydraulicsZum Eisengießer 197816 Lohr am Main, Germany Phone +49 (0) 93 52 / 18-0***************************** www.boschrexroth.de © This document, as well as the data, specifications and other informa-tion set forth in it, are the exclusive property of Bosch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced or given to third parties without its consent.The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No state-ments concerning a certain condition or suitability for a certain applica-tion can be derived from our information. The information given does not release the user from the obligation of own judgment and verification. It must be remembered that our products are subject to a natural process of wear and aging.Notes。
xart校正全目录更新至精编版
英语学科融合作业摘要：一、英语学科融合作业的定义与意义1.定义英语学科融合作业2.阐述英语学科融合作业的意义二、英语学科融合作业的具体实施方法1.教师在作业设计中的角色2.学生如何参与英语学科融合作业3.具体的融合作业案例分析三、英语学科融合作业的优势与挑战1.对学生能力的提升2.对教师教学方法的促进3.面临的挑战与解决方案四、总结与展望1.总结英语学科融合作业的重要性和方法2.展望未来英语学科融合作业的发展趋势正文：英语学科融合作业是指将英语学习与其他学科知识相结合，通过跨学科的方式提高学生的英语应用能力和综合素质。
这种作业方式不仅有助于提升学生的英语水平，还能拓宽他们的知识视野，培养其创新思维和实践能力。
为了实现英语学科融合作业的目标，教师在作业设计中扮演着关键角色。
教师需要根据学生的实际情况，结合其他学科的教学内容，设计富有挑战性和吸引力的英语作业。
同时，学生也需要积极参与英语学科融合作业，通过实际操作，提高自己的英语能力。
具体来说，英语学科融合作业可以通过以下方式实施：1.教师在设计作业时，可以与其他学科教师合作，共同探讨如何将英语与其他学科知识相结合。
例如，在教授历史知识时，可以让学生用英语撰写研究报告，讲述历史事件；在教授科学知识时，可以让学生用英语制作实验报告，描述科学现象。
2.教师可以利用现代信息技术手段，为学生提供丰富的学习资源和实践平台。
例如，通过网络平台，教师可以为学生推荐与英语相关的其他学科学习资料，鼓励学生在课外时间自主学习。
3.教师可以组织课外活动，如英语角、英语剧社等，让学生在实际应用中提高英语能力。
这些活动可以与其他学科相结合，如举办一场以英语为载体的科学知识竞赛，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中学习英语。
英语学科融合作业的优势在于，它可以帮助学生更好地将英语知识应用于实际生活，培养其综合素质。
同时，这种作业方式也能促进教师更新教学观念，改进教学方法。
然而，英语学科融合作业也面临一些挑战，如教师观念保守、资源匮乏等。
2010年广告界_金酸梅_奖出炉年度最诡异的30条广告
P.91
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婚姻美好毯
"安静……却致命" 广告公司: Media Corp. 地区：堪萨斯欧弗兰帕克
还是说放屁。婚姻美好毯——军用级别的防臭屁毯。且 不说这种产品有没有市场，他们真的相信这是婚礼或结婚纪 念的最好礼物吗？别开玩笑了。或许你不用因为伴侣肠胃不 好而睡沙发，但你也太不够体贴了。
FRUIT GUSHERS 软糖
BFF ( 妇女反家暴组织 )
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"楼梯" 广告公司: 电扬广告公司Young & Rubicam 地区：德国法兰克福
这是2010年最令人震惊的公益广告之一。据说参与该广 告的 每 个人都是 无 偿工作的。音乐是为 广告原创的。而最引 人注 意的是，Y & R 还 制 作了另一条出色 的反家暴广告。
FORTNIGHT 内衣
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"按摩浴缸" 广告公司: Draftfcb 地区：墨西哥城
百时美施贵宝公司治疗胀气的药物Luftal，在墨西哥是 非处方药，广告卖点是：它能解决你的胃胀气的问题，让你 不会在浴缸里屁海翻腾，弄得像按摩浴缸一样。要是你够走 运，你的女朋友或妻子会在你要放屁的时候给你端来一杯水 和一颗Luftal。当然还省了空气清新剂的钱。
"没有压力" 导演: Dougal Wilson 地区：英国
10:10
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“10:10”环保创意，旨在鼓励大家从2010年开始，每年 减少10%的碳排放，但这个视频却让人大跌眼镜：任何不想 减少碳排放的人都会爆炸，变成一团血泥。画面有些太过逼
真，让观众连连摇头。最终 “10:10”不 得 不道 歉，却 说制作该片才“杀”了五个 人，而气候变化每年会 造 成30万人死亡。
国际贸易术语解释通则2010之FCA(中英对照版)
Free Carrier 货交承运人FCA (insert named place of delivery) Incoterms 2010 货交承运人（…指定地点） GUIDANCE NOTE 序言This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or anothe r named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the n amed place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point. If the parties intend to delive r the goods at the seller’s premises, they should identify the address of those premises as the na med place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at anoth er place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery. FCA requires the seller to clear t he goods for export, where applicable.However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。
INCOTERMS2010中文版
INCOTERMS2010中文版INCOTERMS 2010中文版1. 介绍INCOTERMS（国际贸易术语解释规则）是由国际商会（ICC）制定的国际贸易术语规则，用于明确买卖双方在国际货物运输中的责任和义务。
INCOTERMS 2010是由于全球贸易环境的变化而发布的最新版本，共有11个术语，用于规范国际货物交易的常用术语和惯例。
2. EXW（装货港交货）EXW意味着卖方将货物放置在指定的地点，由买方负责所有的运输安排和费用。
在这种术语下，卖方的义务非常有限，买方需要承担所有的进口手续、装卸费用和风险。
3. FCA（运费或运输人接收处交货）FCA表示卖方将货物交给指定的运输人或承运人。
卖方负责将货物交到指定地点，并承担出口清关手续。
买方需要负责进口清关手续、运输保险和费用。
4. CPT（运费支付到目的地）CPT意味着卖方负责将货物运输到目的地，并承担货物运输费用直到目的地。
买方需要负责货物的进口清关手续、保险费用和未列入卖方义务的其他费用。
5. CIP（运费和保险费支付到目的地）CIP与CPT类似，唯一的区别是卖方还需要承担货物运输保险费用。
买方需要负责货物的进口清关手续和未列入卖方义务的其他费用。
6. DAT（到岸价）DAT意味着卖方负责将货物交付到指定目的港口，并承担货物的进口清关手续和支付关税。
买方需要承担货物的卸载费用和将货物送到目的地的费用。
7. DAP（交货地点）DAP表示卖方负责将货物交付到约定的目的地，买方需要承担货物的进口清关手续、卸货费用和将货物送到目的地的费用。
8. DDP（已交税承担）DDP意味着卖方承担所有的责任和费用，包括货物运输、保险、清关和将货物交付到买方指定的目的地。
9. FAS（船上交货）FAS表示卖方将货物交交付给指定的港口，并承担将货物装上船的费用和风险。
买方需要负责运输、装卸费用和风险。
10. FOB（船上交货）FOB意味着卖方负责将货物交付给指定的港口，并承担将货物装上船的费用和风险。